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Yang Y, Ahmed W, Wang G, Ye C, Li S, Zhao M, Zhang J, Wang J, Salmen SH, Wu L, Zhao Z. Transcriptome profiling reveals the impact of various levels of biochar application on the growth of flue-cured tobacco plants. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:655. [PMID: 38987695 PMCID: PMC11234667 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05321-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biochar, a carbon-rich source and natural growth stimulant, is usually produced by the pyrolysis of agricultural biomass. It is widely used to enhance plant growth, enzyme activity, and crop productivity. However, there are no conclusive studies on how different levels of biochar application influence these systems. METHODS AND RESULTS The present study elucidated the dose-dependent effects of biochar application on the physiological performance, enzyme activity, and dry matter accumulation of tobacco plants via field experiments. In addition, transcriptome analysis was performed on 60-day-old (early growth stage) and 100-day-old (late growth stage) tobacco leaves to determine the changes in transcript levels at the molecular level under various biochar application levels (0, 600, and 1800 kg/ha). The results demonstrated that optimum biochar application enhances plant growth, regulates enzymatic activity, and promotes biomass accumulation in tobacco plants, while higher biochar doses had adverse effects. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis revealed a total of 6561 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were up- or down-regulated in the groupwise comparison under different treatments. KEGG pathways analysis demonstrated that carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms (ko00710), photosynthesis (ko00195), and starch and sucrose metabolism (ko00500) pathways were significantly up-regulated under the optimal biochar dosage (600 kg/ha) and down-regulated under the higher biochar dosage (1800 kg/ha). CONCLUSION Collectively, these results indicate that biochar application at an optimal rate (600 kg/ha) could positively affect photosynthesis and carbon fixation, which in turn increased the synthesis and accumulation of sucrose and starch, thus promoting the growth and dry matter accumulation of tobacco plants. However, a higher biochar dosage (1800 kg/ha) disturbs the crucial source-sink balance of organic compounds and inhibits the growth of tobacco plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfen Yang
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Waqar Ahmed
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224007, China
| | - Chenghu Ye
- Yunnan Revert Medical and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Kunming, Yunnan, 65021, China
| | - Shichen Li
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Meiwei Zhao
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Jinhao Zhang
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224007, China
| | - Saleh H Salmen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lianzhang Wu
- Nujiang Green Spice Industry Research Institute, Lushui, Yunnan, 673200, China
| | - Zhengxiong Zhao
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China.
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Ahmed W, Dai Z, Zhang J, Shakeel Q, Kamaruzzaman M, Nosheen S, Mohany M, Ahmed A, Cai S, Wang Y, Gao Y, Ahmad M, Munir S, Wang X. Ralstonia solanacearum differentially modulates soil physicochemical properties and rhizospheric bacteriome of resistant and susceptible tobacco cultivars. Microbiol Res 2024; 281:127604. [PMID: 38280370 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Ralstonia solanacearum is a devastating soilborne pathogen which poses significant yield and economic losses to tobacco production globally. The impact of R. solanacearum on rhizosphere bacteriome and soil physicochemical characteristics in resistant and susceptible tobacco cultivars is poorly understood. This study aims to determine the effect of R. solanacearum on soil physicochemical parameters and rhizosphere bacteriome of resistant (K326) and susceptible (Hongda) tobacco cultivars at various growth stages. Results demonstrated that the contents of available potassium and phosphorus, as well as soil pH were significantly increased in K326 soils (CK and T2) compared with Hongda (T1) after 21, 42, and 63 days post-inoculation (dpi) of R. solanacearum except for available nitrogen which showed an opposite trend. The qPCR results showed a significant decrease in R. solanacearum population in rhizosphere of K326 (T2) compared to the Hongda (T1) at 21 and 63 dpi than that after 42 dpi. The rhizosphere bacteriome analysis through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing revealed that rhizosphere bacterial community composition was significantly different between two tobacco cultivars (Hongda and K326) and this effect was more prominent after 63 dpi (93 days after post-transplantation), suggesting that each cultivar recruits a unique set of bacterial communities. There was no obvious difference observed in the rhizosphere bacteriome of CK (K326) and T2 (K326), which might be attributed to the same genetic makeup and inherent resistance of K326 to bacterial wilt infection. Analysis of co-occurrence networks revealed that the microbial network in T1 (Hongda) was more complex than those in T2 (K326) and CK (K326), while the networks in CK and T2 were almost identical. The present research highlights the time-course relationship between environmental factors and rhizosphere bacteriome of tobacco cultivars showing different levels of resistance against R. solanacearum. Conclusively, studying the plant-soil-microbe interaction system in susceptible and resistant tobacco cultivars may enable us to develop effective integrated disease control plans for the healthy production of tobacco crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Ahmed
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhenlin Dai
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Jinhao Zhang
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Qaiser Shakeel
- Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Md Kamaruzzaman
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaista Nosheen
- School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, Shandong, China
| | - Mohamed Mohany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayesha Ahmed
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Shujing Cai
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongfeng Gao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Munir Ahmad
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Shahzad Munir
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China.
| | - Xinrong Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.
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Yang Y, Ahmed W, Ye C, Yang L, Wu L, Dai Z, Khan KA, Hu X, Zhu X, Zhao Z. Exploring the effect of different application rates of biochar on the accumulation of nutrients and growth of flue-cured tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1225031. [PMID: 38463569 PMCID: PMC10920355 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1225031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Background Biochar application has become one of the most potential tools to improve soil fertility and plant growth for sustainable and eco-friendly agriculture. However, both positive and negative effects of biochar application have been recorded on plant growth and soil fertility. Methods This study investigated the impact of different application rates (0, 600, 900, 1200, and 1800 kg/ha) of biochar on the soil nutrient contents, accumulation of nutrients and dry matter in different plant parts, and growth of flue-cured tobacco plants under field conditions. Results Results demonstrated that soil organic carbon pool and carbon/nitrogen ratio were increased proportionally with the increasing dosage of biochar, 25.54 g/kg and 14.07 g/kg compared with control 17 g/kg and 10.13 g/kg, respectively. The contents of soil total nitrogen were also significantly increased after biochar application in the middle (1.77 g/kg) and late-growth (1.54 g/kg) stages of flue-cured tobacco than in control (1.60 g/kg and 1.41 g/kg, respectively). The contents of soil nitrate nitrogen were also higher under low (600 and 900 kg/ha) application rates of biochar and reduced when higher (1200 and 1800 kg/ha) dosages of biochar were applied. However, it was observed that varying application rates of biochar had no impact on soil ammonium nitrogen content during the growth period of flue-cured tobacco plants. The nutrient accumulation (N, P, K) in different parts of flue-cured tobacco plants was significantly increased under a low application rate of biochar, which enhanced the soil and plant analyzer development values, effective leaves number, growth, dry matter accumulation, and leaf yield of flue-cured tobacco. In contrast, the high biochar application rate (1200 and 1800 kg/ha) negatively impacted nutrient accumulation and growth of flue-cured tobacco. Conclusion Conclusively, the optimum application of biochar (600 and 900 kg/ha) is beneficial for plant growth, soil fertility, accumulation of nutrients, and dry matter in different plant parts. However, excessive biochar application (> 900 kg/ha) could inhibit flue-cured tobacco plant growth. This study provides a theoretical foundation for biochar application in tobacco and other crop production to obtain agricultural sustainability and economic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfen Yang
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Waqar Ahmed
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chenghu Ye
- Yunnan Revert Medical and Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Linyuan Yang
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lianzhang Wu
- Nujiang Green Spice Industry Research Institute, Lushui, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhenlin Dai
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- Center of Bee Research and its Products/Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production/Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS) and Applied College, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaodong Hu
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhu
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Xiao Y, Zhang S, Li H, Teng K, Wu S, Liu Y, Yu F, He Z, Li L, Li L, Meng D, Yin H, Wang Y. Metagenomic insights into the response of soil microbial communities to pathogenic Ralstonia solanacearum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1325141. [PMID: 38434434 PMCID: PMC10904623 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1325141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the response of soil microbial communities to pathogenic Ralstonia solanacearum is crucial for preventing bacterial wilt outbreaks. In this study, we investigated the soil physicochemical and microbial community to assess their impact on the pathogenic R.solanacearum through metagenomics. Our results revealed that certain archaeal taxa were the main contributors influencing the health of plants. Additionally, the presence of the pathogen showed a strong negative correlation with soil phosphorus levels, while soil phosphorus was significantly correlated with bacterial and archaeal communities. We found that the network of microbial interactions in healthy plant rhizosphere soils was more complex compared to diseased soils. The diseased soil network had more linkages, particularly related to the pathogen occurrence. Within the network, the family Comamonadaceae, specifically Ramlibacter_tataouinensis, was enriched in healthy samples and showed a significantly negative correlation with the pathogen. In terms of archaea, Halorubrum, Halorussus_halophilus (family: Halobacteriaceae), and Natronomonas_pharaonis (family: Haloarculaceae) were enriched in healthy plant rhizosphere soils and showed negative correlations with R.solanacearum. These findings suggested that the presence of these archaea may potentially reduce the occurrence of bacterial wilt disease. On the other hand, Halostagnicola_larseniia and Haloterrigena_sp._BND6 (family: Natrialbaceae) had higher relative abundance in diseased plants and exhibited significantly positive correlations with R.solanacearum, indicating their potential contribution to the pathogen's occurrence. Moreover, we explored the possibility of functional gene sharing among the correlating bacterial pairs within the Molecular Ecological Network. Our analysis revealed 468 entries of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) events, emphasizing the significance of HGT in shaping the adaptive traits of plant-associated bacteria, particularly in relation to host colonization and pathogenicity. Overall, this work revealed key factors, patterns and response mechanisms underlying the rhizosphere soil microbial populations. The findings offer valuable guidance for effectively controlling soil-borne bacterial diseases and developing sustainable agriculture practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansong Xiao
- Chenzhou Tobacco Company of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Sai Zhang
- Chenzhou Tobacco Company of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Hongguang Li
- Chenzhou Tobacco Company of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Kai Teng
- Xiangxi Tobacco Co Hunan Prov, Changsha, China
| | - Shaolong Wu
- Hunan Tobacco Research Institute, Changsha, China
| | - Yongbin Liu
- Chenzhou Tobacco Company of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Fahui Yu
- Chenzhou Tobacco Company of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Zhihong He
- Chenzhou Tobacco Company of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Lijuan Li
- Chenzhou Tobacco Company of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Liangzhi Li
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Delong Meng
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huaqun Yin
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
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