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Norbury A, Seeley SH, Perez-Rodriguez MM, Feder A. Functional neuroimaging of resilience to trauma: convergent evidence and challenges for future research. Psychol Med 2023; 53:3293-3305. [PMID: 37264949 PMCID: PMC11350638 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723001162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Resilience is broadly defined as the ability to adapt successfully following stressful life events. Here, we review functional MRI studies that investigated key psychological factors that have been consistently linked to resilience to severe adversity and trauma exposure. These domains include emotion regulation (including cognitive reappraisal), reward responsivity, and cognitive control. Further, we briefly review functional imaging evidence related to emerging areas of study that may potentially facilitate resilience: namely social cognition, active coping, and successful fear extinction. Finally, we also touch upon ongoing issues in neuroimaging study design that will need to be addressed to enable us to harness insight from such studies to improve treatments for - or, ideally, guard against the development of - debilitating post-traumatic stress syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Norbury
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Queen Square Institute of Neurology and Mental Health Neuroscience Department, Applied Computational Psychiatry Lab, Max Planck Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Saren H. Seeley
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Adriana Feder
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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2
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Gottfredson RK, Becker WJ. How past trauma impacts emotional intelligence: Examining the connection. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1067509. [PMID: 37275697 PMCID: PMC10234103 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1067509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Backed by both research and practice, the organizational psychology field has come to value emotional intelligence (EI) as being vital for leader and employee effectiveness. While this field values EI, it has paid little attention to the antecedents of emotional intelligence, leaving the EI domain without clarity on (1) why EI might vary across individuals, and (2) how to best develop EI. In this article, we rely on neuroscience and psychology research to make the case that past psychological trauma impacts later EI capabilities. Specifically, we present evidence that psychological trauma impairs the brain areas and functions that support EI. Establishing psychological trauma has valuable theoretical and practical implications that include providing an explanation of why EI might vary across individuals and providing a focus for improving EI: healing from past trauma. Further theoretical and practical implications for the field of organizational psychology are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan K Gottfredson
- Department of Management, College of Business and Economics, California State University, Fullerton, CA, United States
| | - William J Becker
- Department of Management, Pamplin College of Business, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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3
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Wang X, He Y, Feng Z. The antidepressant effect of cognitive reappraisal training on individuals cognitively vulnerable to depression: Could cognitive bias be modified through the prefrontal–amygdala circuits? Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:919002. [PMID: 35992951 PMCID: PMC9385997 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.919002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive reappraisal (CR) is one of the core treatment components of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and is the gold standard treatment for major depressive disorders. Accumulating evidence indicates that cognitive reappraisal could function as a protective factor of cognitive vulnerability to depression. However, the neural mechanism by which CR training reduces cognitive vulnerability to depression is unclear. There is ample evidence that the prefrontal–amygdala circuit is involved in CR. This study proposes a novel cognitive bias model of CR training which hypothesizes that CR training may improve the generation ability of CR with altered prefrontal–amygdala functional activation/connectivity, thus reducing negative cognitive bias (negative attention bias, negative memory bias, negative interpretation bias, and/or negative rumination bias) and alleviating depressive symptoms. This study aims to (1) explore whether there is abnormal CR strategy generation ability in individuals who are cognitively vulnerable to depression; (2) test the hypothesis that CR training alleviates depressive symptoms through the mediators of cognitive bias (interpretation bias and/or rumination bias); (3) explore the neural mechanism by which CR training may enhance the ability of CR strategy generation; and (4) examine the short- and long-term effects of CR training on the reduction in depressive symptoms in individuals who are cognitively vulnerable to depression following intervention and 6 months later. The study is promising, providing theoretical and practical evidence for the early intervention of depression-vulnerable individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Wang
- Department of Basic Psychology, School of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoxia Wang,
| | - Ying He
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengzhi Feng
- School of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Zhengzhi Feng,
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4
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Oswald LM, Dunn KE, Seminowicz DA, Storr CL. Early Life Stress and Risks for Opioid Misuse: Review of Data Supporting Neurobiological Underpinnings. J Pers Med 2021; 11:315. [PMID: 33921642 PMCID: PMC8072718 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11040315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A robust body of research has shown that traumatic experiences occurring during critical developmental periods of childhood when neuronal plasticity is high increase risks for a spectrum of physical and mental health problems in adulthood, including substance use disorders. However, until recently, relatively few studies had specifically examined the relationships between early life stress (ELS) and opioid use disorder (OUD). Associations with opioid use initiation, injection drug use, overdose, and poor treatment outcome have now been demonstrated. In rodents, ELS has also been shown to increase the euphoric and decrease antinociceptive effects of opioids, but little is known about these processes in humans or about the neurobiological mechanisms that may underlie these relationships. This review aims to establish a theoretical model that highlights the mechanisms by which ELS may alter opioid sensitivity, thereby contributing to future risks for OUD. Alterations induced by ELS in mesocorticolimbic brain circuits, and endogenous opioid and dopamine neurotransmitter systems are described. The limited but provocative evidence linking these alterations with opioid sensitivity and risks for OUD is presented. Overall, the findings suggest that better understanding of these mechanisms holds promise for reducing vulnerability, improving prevention strategies, and prescribing guidelines for high-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn M. Oswald
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Kelly E. Dunn
- Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21230, USA;
| | - David A. Seminowicz
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
- Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Carla L. Storr
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
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Lee H, Schafer M. Are Positive Childhood Experiences Linked to Better Cognitive Functioning in Later Life?: Examining the Role of Life Course Pathways. J Aging Health 2021; 33:217-226. [PMID: 33228449 PMCID: PMC7906946 DOI: 10.1177/0898264320972547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: We examine whether childhood family well-being is associated with cognitive functioning and to what extent the association between the family context and cognitive functioning is explained by adulthood resources. Methods: Data are drawn from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project Wave 3 (2015/2016; N = 3361). We measured cognitive functioning using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Childhood family factors included family-life happiness, family structure, and family socioeconomic status. Education, social connectedness, self-mastery, and self-rated health were assessed as adulthood resources. Results: Respondents who grew up in a happy family had significantly higher levels of cognitive functioning. The formal mediation test suggests that a happy family life during childhood has a positive association with later cognition, in part, by enhancing self-mastery in adulthood. Discussion: Our findings provide evidence that positive childhood experiences are linked to later life cognition. The sense of control people have over their life circumstances is one potential pathway explaining this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haena Lee
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Markus Schafer
- Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Zhou XT, Bao WD, Liu D, Zhu LQ. Targeting the Neuronal Activity of Prefrontal Cortex: New Directions for the Therapy of Depression. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:332-346. [PMID: 31686631 PMCID: PMC7327942 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666191101124017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is one of the prevalent psychiatric illnesses with a comprehensive performance such as low self-esteem, lack of motivation, anhedonia, poor appetite, low energy, and uncomfortableness without a specific cause. So far, the cause of depression is not very clear, but it is certain that many aspects of biological psychological and social environment are involved in the pathogenesis of depression. Recently, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) has been indicated to be a pivotal brain region in the pathogenesis of depression. And increasing evidence showed that the abnormal activity of the PFC neurons is linked with depressive symptoms. Unveiling the molecular and cellular, as well as the circuit properties of the PFC neurons will help to find out how abnormalities in PFC neuronal activity are associated with depressive disorders. In addition, concerning many antidepressant drugs, in this review, we concluded the effect of several antidepressants on PFC neuronal activity to better understand its association with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ling-Qiang Zhu
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China; Tel: 862783692625; Fax: 862783692608; E-mail:
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Moreno-López L, Ioannidis K, Askelund AD, Smith AJ, Schueler K, van Harmelen AL. The Resilient Emotional Brain: A Scoping Review of the Medial Prefrontal Cortex and Limbic Structure and Function in Resilient Adults With a History of Childhood Maltreatment. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2019; 5:392-402. [PMID: 32115373 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment (CM) is one of the strongest predictors of adult mental illness, although not all adults with CM develop psychopathology. Here, we describe the structure and function of the emotional brain regions that may contribute to resilient functioning after CM. We review studies that report medial prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus (limbic regions) structure, function, and/or connections in resilient adults (i.e., those reporting CM without psychopathology) versus vulnerable adults (i.e., those reporting CM with psychopathology) or healthy adults (those without CM and with no psychopathology). We find that resilient adults have larger hippocampal gray and white matter volume and greater connectivity between the central executive network and the limbic regions. In addition, resilient adults have improved ability to regulate emotions through medial prefrontal cortex-limbic downregulation, lower hippocampal activation to emotional faces, and increased amygdala habituation to stress. We highlight the need for longitudinal designs that examine resilient functioning across domains and consider gender, type, timing, and nature of CM assessments and further stressors to further improve our understanding of the role of the emotional brain in resilient functioning after CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Moreno-López
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Konstantinos Ioannidis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Fulbourn, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alicia J Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Katja Schueler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Zhang X, Li X, Steffens DC, Guo H, Wang L. Dynamic changes in thalamic connectivity following stress and its association with future depression severity. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01445. [PMID: 31651099 PMCID: PMC6908855 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tracking stress-induced brain activity and connectivity dynamically and examining activity/connectivity-associated recovery ability after stress might be an effective way of detecting stress vulnerability. METHODS Using two widely used stress paradigms, a speech task (social stress) and a mathematical calculation task (mental loading stress), we examined common changes in regional homogeneity (ReHo) and functional connectivity (FC) before, during, and after the two stressful tasks in thirty-nine college students. A counting breath relaxation task was employed as a contrast task. ReHo and FC were compared between subjects with higher versus lower depression symptoms (assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory, BDI). We developed a recovery index (RI) based on dynamic changes of ReHo/FC to evaluate individuals' ability to recover from a stressful state. To assess RI's usefulness in predicting future depression severity, BDI was also measured at one-year follow-up. RESULTS Our results revealed a ReHo decrease after both stressful tasks and a ReHo increase after the relaxation task in bilateral thalamus. The ReHo decrease after both stressful tasks was more significant in the higher BDI than the lower BDI group. Higher ReHo RI of the right thalamus in the higher BDI groups was significantly correlated with lower BDI severity at one-year follow-up. Bilateral thalamus also showed increased FC with the default mode network and decreased FC with the executive control network after the stressful tasks. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the importance of tracking resting activity and connectivity of thalamus dynamically for detecting stress vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - David C Steffens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
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Rizeq J, McCann D. Trauma and affective forecasting: The mediating effect of emotion dysregulation on predictions of negative affect. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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Zhang X, Huettel SA, Mullette-Gillman OA, Guo H, Wang L. Exploring common changes after acute mental stress and acute tryptophan depletion: Resting-state fMRI studies. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 113:172-180. [PMID: 30959228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Stress and low serotonin levels are important biological factors in depression and anxiety etiologies. Although studies indicate that low serotonin levels, stress, and other factors may interact in depression/anxiety psychopathology, few studies have investigated the potentially shared neural substrates. We conducted resting-state fMRI scans pre- and post-stress task, and under control and tryptophan depletion condition, to explore the common changes induced by acute mental stress (AMS) and acute tryptophan depletion (ATD). The present study targeted regions within core brain networks - default mode network, salience network, executive control network, and emotion network - reported altered in AMS and ATD, and used regional homogeneity (ReHo) and functional connectivity (FC) analyses to explore their overlapped effects. We additionally examined the relationships among core neural networks - operationalized as an index of resource allocation bias that quantifies the shift from internal to external modes of processing. We found both manipulations induced increased ReHo of the amygdala and decreased ReHo of the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). The PCC-amygdala FC was negatively correlated with the change of negative affect, whereas the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and right anterior insula FC was positively associated with anxiety level. In addition, we found that a greater shift to an external mode was correlated with higher anxiety level under both conditions. Common changes induced by acute mental stress and acute tryptophan depletion confirmed our hypothesis that AMS and ATD induce changes in common neural pathways, which in turn might mark vulnerability to depression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Scott A Huettel
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, USA
| | | | - Hua Guo
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, USA.
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Thomas E, Buss C, Rasmussen JM, Entringer S, Ramirez JSB, Marr M, Rudolph MD, Gilmore JH, Styner M, Wadhwa PD, Fair DA, Graham AM. Newborn amygdala connectivity and early emerging fear. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2019; 37:100604. [PMID: 30581123 PMCID: PMC6538430 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Connectivity between the amygdala, insula (Amygdala-aI) and ventral medial prefrontal cortex (Amygdala-vmPFC) have been implicated in individual variability in fear and vulnerability to psychiatric disorders. However, it is currently unknown to what extent connectivity between these regions in the newborn period is relevant for the development of fear and other aspects of negative emotionality (NE), such as sadness. Here, we investigate newborn Am-Ins and Am-vmPFC resting state functional connectivity in relation to developmental trajectories of fear and sadness over the first two years of life using data from the Infant Behavior Questionnaire Revised (IBQ-R) and Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire (ECBQ) (N=62). Stronger newborn amygdala connectivity predicts higher fear and sadness at 6-months-of-age and less change from 6 to 24-months-of-age. Interestingly, Am-Ins connectivity was specifically relevant for fear and not sadness, while Am-vmPFC was associated only with sadness. Associations remained consistent after considering variation in maternal sensitivity and maternal postnatal depressive symptomology. Already by the time of birth, individual differences in amygdala connectivity are relevant for the expression of fear over the first two-years-of-life. Additionally, specificity is observed, such that connections relevant for fear development are distinct from those predicting sadness trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Thomas
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Claudia Buss
- Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany; Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jerod M Rasmussen
- Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sonja Entringer
- Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany; Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Julian S B Ramirez
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Mollie Marr
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Marc D Rudolph
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - John H Gilmore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Martin Styner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Pathik D Wadhwa
- Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Damien A Fair
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Alice M Graham
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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12
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Xu Z, Zhang J, Wang D, Wang T, Zhang S, Ren X, Zhu X, Kamiya A, Fang J, Qu M. Altered Brain Function in Drug-Naïve Major Depressive Disorder Patients With Early-Life Maltreatment: A Resting-State fMRI Study. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:255. [PMID: 31068844 PMCID: PMC6491847 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood Maltreatment (CM) is an important risk factor for major depressive disorder (MDD). Previous studies using emotional task-state functional magnetic resonance (task-state fMRI) found that altered brain function in prefrontal-limbic regions was the key neuropathological mechanism in adult MDD patients with experience of early-life maltreatment. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no published study investigating brain function in MDD patients with CM experience using resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI). In present study, we aimed to detect altered resting-state brain activity in MDD patients with CM experience, and identify significantly activated brain regions, which may provide new insights into the neural mechanism underlying the relationship between MDD and CM experience. The results showed MDD patients with CM experience were associated with increased amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and altered function connection (FC) in the prefrontal cortex, when compared to MDD patients without CM. Of note, left frontal middle gyrus (LFEG) was found as a specific brain region which differentiates MDD patients with CM from patients without CM. These results suggest that rs-fMRI is a useful method in studying the correlation between MDD and CM experience and altered function of LFEG in resting-state may explain the correlation between MDD and CM experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhexue Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Beijing Anding Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Nanjing Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Fengtai Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Ren
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Atsushi Kamiya
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jiliang Fang
- Department of Radiology, Guang' anmen Hospital China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Qu
- Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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13
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Bunea IM, Szentágotai-Tătar A, Miu AC. Early-life adversity and cortisol response to social stress: a meta-analysis. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:1274. [PMID: 29225338 PMCID: PMC5802499 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-017-0032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Early-life adversity has been associated with a life-long increased risk for psychopathology and chronic health problems. These long-term negative effects have been explained through stress sensitization, which may involve dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis through either increased or decreased reactivity. The present meta-analysis assessed for the first time the effect of early-life adversity on cortisol response to social stress. Thirty data sets were included in the meta-analysis, in which early-life adversity and salivary cortisol response to social stress were assessed in 4292 individuals of different ages. Results indicated a moderate effect size (g = -0.39) in overall cortisol levels across studies. Separate analyses of cortisol at different stages of response showed large effect sizes at peak and recovery, and a moderate effect at baseline. Heterogeneity was large in this sample of studies and several moderators were identified. The effect size was larger in studies that focused on maltreatment compared to those that included other adversities, and in adults compared to children and adolescents. Percent of women in each sample and methodological quality were positive predictors of the effect size. Publication bias may be present, but the analysis was hampered by the high heterogeneity. Therefore, these results support the association between early-life adversity and blunted cortisol response to social stress, and they suggest that the long-term negative effects of early-life adversity may reach maximum levels in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Maria Bunea
- 0000 0004 1937 1397grid.7399.4Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, 400084 Romania
| | - Aurora Szentágotai-Tătar
- 0000 0004 1937 1397grid.7399.4Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, 400084 Romania
| | - Andrei C. Miu
- 0000 0004 1937 1397grid.7399.4Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, 400084 Romania
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14
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Rincón-Cortés M, Sullivan RM. Emergence of social behavior deficit, blunted corticolimbic activity and adult depression-like behavior in a rodent model of maternal maltreatment. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e930. [PMID: 27779623 PMCID: PMC5290349 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Disrupted social behavior is a core symptom of multiple psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. Many of these disorders are exacerbated by adverse infant experiences, including maltreatment and abuse, which negatively affect amygdala development. Although a link between impaired social behavior, abnormal amygdala function and depressive-like behavior following early adversity has been demonstrated in humans and animal models, the developmental emergence of maltreatment-related social deficits and associated amygdala neural activity are unknown. We used a naturalistic rodent model of maternal maltreatment during a sensitive period, postnatal days 8-12 (PN8-12), which produces social behavior deficits that precede adolescent depressive-like behavior and amygdala dysfunction, to examine social behavior in infancy, periweaning and adolescence. Neural activity in response to the social behavior test was assessed via c-Fos immunohistochemistry at these ages. A separate group of animals was tested for adult depressive-like behavior in the forced swim test. Maltreatment spared infant (PN16-18) social behavior but disrupted periweaning (PN20-22) and adolescent (PN42-48) social behavior. Maltreated rats exhibited blunted neural activation in the amygdala and other areas implicated in social functioning, including the medial prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens, at these ages and increased adult depressive-like behavior. These findings may suggest corticolimbic involvement in the emergence of maltreatment-induced social deficits that are linked to adult depressive-like behavior, thereby highlighting potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Understanding how infant experiences influence social behavior and age-specific expression across development may provide insights into basic neural mechanisms of social behaviors and disease-relevant social dysfunction exacerbated by early-life stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rincón-Cortés
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Child Study Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA,Neuroscience and Physiology, Sackler Institute for Graduate Biomedical Studies, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA,Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA,Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Child Study Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, 1 Park Avenue, 8th Floor, Room 8-431, New York, NY 10016, USA. E-mail:
| | - R M Sullivan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Child Study Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA,Neuroscience and Physiology, Sackler Institute for Graduate Biomedical Studies, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA,Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
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15
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Valderrama J, Miranda R, Jeglic E. Ruminative subtypes and impulsivity in risk for suicidal behavior. Psychiatry Res 2016; 236:15-21. [PMID: 26791398 PMCID: PMC4749396 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rumination has been previously linked to negative psychological outcomes, including depression and suicidal behavior. However, there has been conflicting research on whether or not two different subtypes of rumination - brooding and reflection - are more or less maladaptive. The present research sought to (1) examine whether individuals high in brooding but lower in reflection would show higher trait and behavioral impulsivity, relative to individuals low in brooding and low in reflection; and (2) examine impulsivity as a mediator of the relation between ruminative subtypes and suicidal ideation. In Study 1, participants (N=78) were recruited based on high, average, and low scores on a measure of brooding and reflective rumination. Individuals who scored high in brooding and average in reflection scored significantly higher in negative urgency, that is, in the tendency to act rashly in an attempt to reduce negative affect, than did those who scored low in brooding and low in reflection. Study 2 (N=1638) examined the relationship between ruminative subtypes, impulsivity, and suicide risk. We found an indirect relationship between brooding and suicide risk through lack of premeditation and lack of perseverance, independently of reflection. These findings are discussed in relation to cognitive risk for suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Valderrama
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, NY, USA.
| | - Regina Miranda
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth Jeglic
- Department of Psychology, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, NY, USA
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16
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Chang CH, Chen MC, Lu J. Effect of antidepressant drugs on the vmPFC-limbic circuitry. Neuropharmacology 2015; 92:116-24. [PMID: 25637091 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Our recent study indicates that the lesions of the prefrontal cortex in rats result in depressive-like behavior in forced swim test and REM sleep alterations, two well-established biomarkers of depression disorder. We hypothesized that antidepressants may target the PFC to reverse depression. Systemic injections of antidepressants: the tricyclic antidepressant desipramine (DMI), the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine, and the NMDA-antagonist ketamine selectively increased cFos expression (a marker of neuronal activity) in the deep layers of the ventromedial PFC (vmPFC) in rats. Of the vmPFC's limbic system targets, only the nucleus accumbens (NAc) was also activated by DMI. Using a retrograde tracer and a neuronal toxin, we also found that DMI-activated vmPFC neurons project to the NAc and that NAc activation by DMI was lost following vmPFC lesion. These results suggest that the vmPFC may be an essential target of antidepressant drugs, its projections to the NAc may be a key circuit regulating antidepressant action, and dysfunction of this pathway may contribute to depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celene H Chang
- Department of Neurology and Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael C Chen
- Department of Neurology and Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Neurology and Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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17
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Dolcos F, Wang L, Mather M. Current research and emerging directions in emotion-cognition interactions. Front Integr Neurosci 2014; 8:83. [PMID: 25426034 PMCID: PMC4227476 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2014.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Florin Dolcos
- Psychology Department, Neuroscience Program, and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Lihong Wang
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mara Mather
- Davis School of Gerontology and Department of Psychology, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
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18
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Singh MK, Chang KD, Kelley RG, Saggar M, Reiss A, Gotlib IH. Early signs of anomalous neural functional connectivity in healthy offspring of parents with bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2014; 16:678-89. [PMID: 24938878 PMCID: PMC4213354 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bipolar disorder (BD) has been associated with dysfunctional brain connectivity and with family chaos. It is not known whether aberrant connectivity occurs before illness onset, representing vulnerability for developing BD amidst family chaos. We used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine neural network dysfunction in healthy offspring living with parents with BD and healthy comparison youth. METHODS Using two complementary methodologies [data-driven independent component analysis (ICA) and hypothesis-driven region-of-interest (ROI)-based intrinsic connectivity], we examined resting-state fMRI data in 8-17-year-old healthy offspring of a parent with BD (n = 24; high risk) and age-matched healthy youth without any personal or family psychopathology (n = 25; low risk). RESULTS ICA revealed that, relative to low-risk youth, high-risk youth showed increased connectivity in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) subregion of the left executive control network (ECN), which includes frontoparietal regions important for emotion regulation. ROI-based analyses revealed that high-risk versus low-risk youth had decreased connectivities between the left amygdala and pregenual cingulate, between the subgenual cingulate and supplementary motor cortex, and between the left VLPFC and left caudate. High-risk youth showed stronger connections in the VLPFC with age and higher functioning, which may be neuroprotective, and weaker connections between the left VLPFC and caudate with more family chaos, suggesting an environmental influence on frontostriatal connectivity. CONCLUSIONS Healthy offspring of parents with BD show atypical patterns of prefrontal and subcortical intrinsic connectivity that may be early markers of resilience to or vulnerability for developing BD. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether these patterns predict outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet K Singh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Kiki D Chang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Ryan G Kelley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Manish Saggar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Allan Reiss
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Ian H Gotlib
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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19
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Chocyk A, Majcher-Maślanka I, Dudys D, Przyborowska A, Wędzony K. Impact of early-life stress on the medial prefrontal cortex functions - a search for the pathomechanisms of anxiety and mood disorders. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 65:1462-70. [PMID: 24552993 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71506-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Although anxiety and mood disorders (MDs) are the most common mental diseases, the etiologies and mechanisms of these psychopathologies are still a matter of debate. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a brain structure that is strongly implicated in the pathophysiology of these disorders. A growing number of epidemiological and clinical studies show that early-life stress (ELS) during the critical period of brain development may increase the risk for anxiety and MDs. Neuroimaging analyses in humans and numerous reports from animal models clearly demonstrate that ELS affects behaviors that are dependent on the mPFC, as well as neuronal activity and synaptic plasticity within the mPFC. The mechanisms engaged in ELS-induced changes in mPFC function involve alterations in the developmental trajectory of the mPFC and may be responsible for the emergence of both early-onset (during childhood and adolescence) and adulthood-onset anxiety and MDs. ELS-evoked changes in mPFC synaptic plasticity may constitute an example of metaplasticity. ELS may program brain functions by affecting glucocorticoid levels. On the molecular level, ELS-induced programming is registered by epigenetic mechanisms, such as changes in DNA methylation pattern, histone acetylation and microRNA expression. Vulnerability and resilience to ELS-related anxiety and MDs depend on the interaction between individual genetic predispositions, early-life experiences and later-life environment. In conclusion, ELS may constitute a significant etiological factor for anxiety and MDs, whereas animal models of ELS are helpful tools for understanding the pathomechanisms of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Chocyk
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Biostructure, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, PL 31-343 Kraków, Poland.
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20
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Compare A, Zarbo C, Shonin E, Van Gordon W, Marconi C. Emotional Regulation and Depression: A Potential Mediator between Heart and Mind. Cardiovasc Psychiatry Neurol 2014; 2014:324374. [PMID: 25050177 PMCID: PMC4090567 DOI: 10.1155/2014/324374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A narrative review of the major evidence concerning the relationship between emotional regulation and depression was conducted. The literature demonstrates a mediating role of emotional regulation in the development of depression and physical illness. Literature suggests in fact that the employment of adaptive emotional regulation strategies (e.g., reappraisal) causes a reduction of stress-elicited emotions leading to physical disorders. Conversely, dysfunctional emotional regulation strategies and, in particular, rumination and emotion suppression appear to be influential in the pathogenesis of depression and physiological disease. More specifically, the evidence suggests that depression and rumination affect both cognitive (e.g., impaired ability to process negative information) and neurobiological mechanisms (e.g., hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis overactivation and higher rates of cortisol production). Understanding the factors that govern the variety of health outcomes that different people experience following exposure to stress has important implications for the development of effective emotion-regulation interventional approaches (e.g., mindfulness-based therapy, emotion-focused therapy, and emotion regulation therapy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Compare
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Piazza S. Agostino 2, 24124 Bergamo, Italy
- Human Factors and Technologies in Healthcare Centre, University of Bergamo, Italy
| | - Cristina Zarbo
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Piazza S. Agostino 2, 24124 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Edo Shonin
- Psychology Division, Nottingham Trent University, UK
| | | | - Chiara Marconi
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Piazza S. Agostino 2, 24124 Bergamo, Italy
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