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Klein SD, Teich CD, Pokorny VJ, Rawls E, Olman CA, Sponheim SR. Altered Use of Context During Visual Perception in Psychotic Psychopathology: A Neurophysiological Investigation of Tuned and Untuned Suppression During Contrast Perception. Schizophr Bull 2024:sbae103. [PMID: 39148463 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbae103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS The human visual system streamlines visual processing by suppressing responses to textures that are similar to their surrounding context. Surround suppression is weaker in individuals with schizophrenia (ISZ); this altered use of visuospatial context may relate to the characteristic visual distortions they experience. STUDY DESIGN To understand atypical surround suppression in psychotic psychopathology, we investigated neurophysiological responses in ISZ, healthy controls (HC), individuals with bipolar disorder (IBP), and first-degree relatives (ISZR/IBPR). Participants performed a contrast judgment task on a circular target with annular surrounds, with concurrent electroencephalography. Orientation-independent (untuned) suppression was estimated from responses to central targets with orthogonal surrounds; the orientation-dependence of suppression was estimated by fitting an exponential function to the increase in suppression as surrounds became more aligned with the center. RESULTS ISZ exhibited weakened untuned suppression coupled with enhanced orientation-dependence of suppression. The N1 visual evoked potential was associated with the orientation-dependence of suppression, with ISZ and ISZR (but not IBP or IBPR) showing enhanced orientation-dependence of the N1. Collapsed across orientation conditions, the N1 for ISZ lacked asymmetry toward the right hemisphere; this reduction in N1 asymmetry was associated with reduced untuned suppression, real-world perceptual anomalies, and psychotic psychopathology. The overall amplitude of the N1 was reduced in ISZ and IBP. CONCLUSIONS Key measures of symptomatology for ISZ are associated with reductions in untuned suppression. Increased sensitivity for ISZ to the relative orientation of suppressive surrounds is reflected in the N1 VEP, which is commonly associated with higher-level visual functions such as allocation of spatial attention or scene segmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D Klein
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Collin D Teich
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Victor J Pokorny
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Eric Rawls
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Cheryl A Olman
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Scott R Sponheim
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Novaes FC, Natividade JC. The sexual selection of creativity: A nomological approach. Front Psychol 2023; 13:874261. [PMID: 36698589 PMCID: PMC9869285 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.874261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cultural innovations, such as tools and other technical articles useful for survival, imply that creativity is an outcome of evolution. However, the existence of purely ornamental items obfuscates the functional value of creativity. What is the functional or adaptive value of aesthetic and intellectual ornaments? Recent evidence shows a connection between ornamental creativity, an individual's attractiveness, and their reproductive success. However, this association is not sufficient for establishing that creativity in humans evolved by sexual selection. In this critical review, we synthesize findings from many disciplines about the mechanisms, ontogeny, phylogeny, and the function of creativity in sexual selection. Existing research indicates that creativity has the characteristics expected of a trait evolved by sexual selection: genetic basis, sexual dimorphism, wider variety in males, influence of sex hormones, dysfunctional expressions, an advantage in mating in humans and other animals, and psychological modules adapted to mating contexts. Future studies should investigate mixed findings in the existing literature, such as creativity not being found particularly attractive in a non-WEIRD society. Moreover, we identified remaining knowledge gaps and recommend that further research should be undertaken in the following areas: sexual and reproductive correlates of creativity in non-WEIRD societies, relationship between androgens, development, and creative expression, as well as the impact of ornamental, technical and everyday creativity on attractiveness. Evolutionary research should analyze whether being an evolved signal of genetic quality is the only way in which creativity becomes sexually selected and therefore passed on from generation to generation. This review has gone a long way toward integrating and enhancing our understanding of ornamental creativity as a possible sexual selected psychological trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Carvalho Novaes
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jean Carlos Natividade
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Kállai J, Páll T, Herold R, Tényi T, Zsidó AN. Ambiguous handedness and visuospatial pseudoneglect in schizotypy in physical and computer-generated virtual environments. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12169. [PMID: 35842454 PMCID: PMC9288449 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16454-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Virtual reality (VR) technology has increased clinical attention in the health care of schizophrenia spectrum disorders in both diagnoses of the symptoms and assessment of schizotypal traits. However, the exact nature of VR-induced positive treatment effect in schizotypy is still unknown. In this study, VR technology was used as a non-invasive neurocognitive trigger to test the asymmetric visuospatial representational instability found in individuals with high schizotypy. The study aimed to reveal the brain functional hemispheric laterality in physical and virtual realities in individuals with schizotypal traits. Fifty-one healthy, right-handed participants (24 males and 27 females) were enrolled through public advertisements. Hemispheric functional asymmetry was measured by the Line Bisection Task (LBT). The results revealed that (a) LBT bias in the physical reality showed a handedness-related leftward pseudoneglect, however, similar handedness-related pseudoneglect in VR has not been found. (b) Comparing LBT bias in physically real and VR environments showed rightward drift in VR environments independently to the degree of handedness. (c) The schizotypy has no association with handedness, however, the cognitive schizotypy is related to the LBT bias. Higher cognitive schizotypy in VR associated with left hemispatial pseudoneglect. In conclusion, schizotypy is associated with ambiguous behavioral and cognitive functional laterality. In individuals with high cognitive schizotypy, the VR environment enhanced the representational articulation of the left hemispace. This effect may be originated from the enhancement of the right hemisphere overactivation and is followed by a lower mental control of the overt behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Kállai
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Medical Faculty University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Szigeti Street 12, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Páll
- Artistic Research at the University of Applied Arts Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Róbert Herold
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Tényi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - András Norbert Zsidó
- Institute of Psychology, Arts and Sciences Faculty, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Huang W, Zhang L, Sun Y, Chen F, Wang K. The Prediction Analysis of Autistic and Schizotypal Traits in Attentional Networks. Psychiatry Investig 2021; 18:417-425. [PMID: 33910323 PMCID: PMC8169336 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2020.0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Empirical findings confirmed that autistic and schizotypal traits are associated with attentional function as well as include various dimensions. So far, no study has reported which dimension of these traits relates to attentional networks. This study aimed to find out whether there are associations between attentional networks and autistic traits; and between attentional networks and schizotypal traits. METHODS A total of 449 volunteers was included in this study, and autism-spectrum quotient (AQ), schizotypal personality questionnaire (SPQ), and attention network test (ANT) were used to measure autistic traits and schizotypal traits. The three independent attentional networks, including alerting network, orienting network, and executive control network, were also measured. RESULTS Autistic traits were associated with the orienting network, whereas schizotypal traits were associated with the orienting network and executive control network. Furthermore, attentional networks could be predicted by specific dimensions of autistic and schizotypal traits. AQ-attention switching [0.104 (-1.175- -0.025), p=0.041] and AQ-attention to detail [-0.097 (-0.798- -0.001), p=0.049] were significant predictors of orienting network and gender were significant predictor of executive network (Beta=0.107; 95% CI=-0.476-10.139; p=0.031). Whereas, schizotypal dimension "interpersonal" was a significant predictor of all three attentional networks [Alerting: 0.147 (-0.010-0.861), p=0.045; Orienting: 0.147 (0.018-0.733), p=0.040; Executive: 0.198 (0.215-1.309), p=0.006]. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that autistic and schizotypal traits were associated with attentional networks. The specific dimensions of autistic and schizotypal traits could predict attentional networks. Nevertheless, the attentional networks predicted with these two traits were different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanling Huang
- Department of Neurology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, China.,Department of Medical Psychology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yaoting Sun
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | | | - Kai Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, China.,Department of Medical Psychology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Savopoulos P, Lindell AK. Born criminal? Differences in structural, functional and behavioural lateralization between criminals and noncriminals. Laterality 2018; 23:738-760. [DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2018.1432631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Savopoulos
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Annukka K. Lindell
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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Son S, Miyata J, Mori Y, Isobe M, Urayama SI, Aso T, Fukuyama H, Murai T, Takahashi H. Lateralization of intrinsic frontoparietal network connectivity and symptoms in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2017; 260:23-28. [PMID: 28012423 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
It has been frequently reported that schizophrenia patients have reduced functional lateralization in the areas related to language processing. Furthermore, there is evidence supporting that schizophrenia patients have disrupted functional connectivity in the bilateral frontoparietal networks (FPNs), of which the left is strongly associated with a cognition-language paradigm, using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI). To examine the laterality of resting-state functional connectivity in schizophrenia, we investigated the bilateral FPNs. We investigated 41 schizophrenia and 35 healthy participants using independent component analysis for rsfMRI. We extracted mean connectivity values of both left and right FPNs and calculated their laterality index by (left - right)/(left + right). Subsequently, we investigated group differences of these values and the correlation between these values and symptoms. In schizophrenia, mean connectivity values of both left and right FPNs were significantly lower than in healthy controls, whereas their laterality indices were not significantly different. However, correlation analyses revealed that the laterality index was negatively correlated with positive symptoms, and that mean connectivity of left FPN was negatively correlated with depressive symptoms in schizophrenia. Our results suggest that language-related networks and their laterality might be one of the neural correlates of schizophrenia symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuraku Son
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Jun Miyata
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Yasuo Mori
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masanori Isobe
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Urayama
- Human Brain Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Aso
- Human Brain Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hidenao Fukuyama
- Research and Educational Unit of Leaders for Integrated Medical System, Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Toshiya Murai
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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Flinkkilä E, Keski-Rahkonen A, Marttunen M, Raevuori A. Prenatal Inflammation, Infections and Mental Disorders. Psychopathology 2016; 49:317-333. [PMID: 27529630 DOI: 10.1159/000448054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this descriptive review is to summarize the current scientific evidence on the effect of prenatal exposure to maternal infection and immune response on the offspring's risk for mental disorders (schizophrenia spectrum disorders, autism spectrum disorders, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, anorexia nervosa, and mood disorders). SAMPLING AND METHODS Studies were searched from PubMed and Ovid MEDLINE (R) databases with the following keywords: 'prenatal exposure delayed effects' and 'infection', and 'inflammation' and 'mental disorders'. A comprehensive manual search, including a search from the reference list of included articles, was also performed. RESULTS Prenatal exposure to maternal influenza appears to increase the offspring's risk for schizophrenia spectrum disorders, although studies are not fully consistent. Prenatal exposure to maternal fever and elevated cytokine levels seems to be related to the elevated risk for autism spectrum disorders in the offspring. No replicated findings of an association between prenatal infectious exposure and other mental disorders exist. CONCLUSIONS Evidence for the effect of prenatal exposure to maternal infection on risk for mental disorders exists for several different infections, suggesting that common factors occurring in infections (e.g. elevated cytokine levels and fever), rather than the infectious agent itself, might be the underlying factor in increasing the risk for mental disorders. Additionally, it is likely that genetic liability to these disorders operates in conjunction with the exposure. Therefore, genetically sensitive study designs are needed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eerika Flinkkilä
- Clinicum, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Abraham A. Editorial: Madness and creativity-yes, no or maybe? Front Psychol 2015; 6:1055. [PMID: 26347665 PMCID: PMC4544303 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Abraham
- Department of Psychology, School of Social, Psychological and Communication Sciences, Leeds Beckett University Leeds, UK
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Garcia-Rizo C. Reply: To PMID 25041130. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2015; 131:398-9. [PMID: 25302731 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Garcia-Rizo
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Neuroscience Institute, CIBERSAM, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.
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Abstract
A long-standing tradition in personality research in psychology, and nowadays increasingly in psychiatry, is that psychotic and psychotic-like thoughts are considered common experiences in the general population. Given their widespread occurrence, such experiences cannot merely reflect pathological functioning. Moreover, reflecting the multi-dimensionality of schizotypy, some dimensions might be informative for healthy functioning while others less so. Here, we explored these possibilities by reviewing research that links schizotypy to favorable functioning such as subjective wellbeing, cognitive functioning (major focus on creativity), and personality correlates. This research highlights the existence of healthy people with psychotic-like traits who mainly experience positive schizotypy (but also affective features mapping onto bipolar disorder). These individuals seem to benefit from a healthy way to organize their thoughts and experiences, that is, they employ an adaptive cognitive framework to explain and integrate their unusual experiences. We conclude that, instead of focusing only on the pathological, future studies should explore the behavioral, genetic, imaging, and psychopharmacological correlates that define the healthy expression of psychotic-like traits. Such studies would inform on protective or compensatory mechanisms of psychosis-risk and could usefully inform us on the evolutionary advantages of the psychosis dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Mohr
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Gordon Claridge
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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