1
|
Fouragnan EF, Hosking B, Cheung Y, Prakash B, Rushworth M, Sel A. Timing along the cardiac cycle modulates neural signals of reward-based learning. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2976. [PMID: 38582905 PMCID: PMC10998831 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46921-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural fluctuations in cardiac activity modulate brain activity associated with sensory stimuli, as well as perceptual decisions about low magnitude, near-threshold stimuli. However, little is known about the relationship between fluctuations in heart activity and other internal representations. Here we investigate whether the cardiac cycle relates to learning-related internal representations - absolute and signed prediction errors. We combined machine learning techniques with electroencephalography with both simple, direct indices of task performance and computational model-derived indices of learning. Our results demonstrate that just as people are more sensitive to low magnitude, near-threshold sensory stimuli in certain cardiac phases, so are they more sensitive to low magnitude absolute prediction errors in the same cycles. However, this occurs even when the low magnitude prediction errors are associated with clearly suprathreshold sensory events. In addition, participants exhibiting stronger differences in their prediction error representations between cardiac cycles exhibited higher learning rates and greater task accuracy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elsa F Fouragnan
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3UD, UK.
- Brain Research Imaging Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL6 8BU, UK.
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Billy Hosking
- Brain Research Imaging Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL6 8BU, UK
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Yin Cheung
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3UD, UK
| | - Brooke Prakash
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3UD, UK
| | - Matthew Rushworth
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3UD, UK
| | - Alejandra Sel
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3UD, UK
- Centre for Brain Science, Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
- Essex ESNEFT Psychological Research Unit for Behaviour, Health and Wellbeing, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Richter CG, Li CM, Turnbull A, Haft SL, Schneider D, Luo J, Lima DP, Lin FV, Davidson RJ, Hoeft F. Brain imaging studies of emotional well-being: a scoping review. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1328523. [PMID: 38250108 PMCID: PMC10799564 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1328523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This scoping review provides an overview of previous empirical studies that used brain imaging techniques to investigate the neural correlates of emotional well-being (EWB). We compiled evidence on this topic into one accessible and usable document as a foundation for future research into the relationship between EWB and the brain. PRISMA 2020 guidelines were followed. We located relevant articles by searching five electronic databases with 95 studies meeting our inclusion criteria. We explored EWB measures, brain imaging modalities, research designs, populations studied, and approaches that are currently in use to characterize and understand EWB across the literature. Of the key concepts related to EWB, the vast majority of studies investigated positive affect and life satisfaction, followed by sense of meaning, goal pursuit, and quality of life. The majority of studies used functional MRI, followed by EEG and event-related potential-based EEG to study the neural basis of EWB (predominantly experienced affect, affective perception, reward, and emotion regulation). It is notable that positive affect and life satisfaction have been studied significantly more often than the other three aspects of EWB (i.e., sense of meaning, goal pursuit, and quality of life). Our findings suggest that future studies should investigate EWB in more diverse samples, especially in children, individuals with clinical disorders, and individuals from various geographic locations. Future directions and theoretical implications are discussed, including the need for more longitudinal studies with ecologically valid measures that incorporate multi-level approaches allowing researchers to better investigate and evaluate the relationships among behavioral, environmental, and neural factors. Systematic review registration https://osf.io/t9cf6/.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline G. Richter
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Celine Mylx Li
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Adam Turnbull
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
- CogT Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Stephanie L. Haft
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Deborah Schneider
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Denise Pinheiro Lima
- Intensive Care Pediatrician, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Feng Vankee Lin
- CogT Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Richard J. Davidson
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
- Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Fumiko Hoeft
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, United States
- Brain Imaging Research Center (BIRC), University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi Shinjuku Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang C, Yu R. Making mistakes in public: Being observed magnifies physiological responses to errors. Neuropsychologia 2018; 119:214-222. [PMID: 30138671 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As social beings, humans often find themselves in situations in which they are required to act against the backdrop of public observation. In these situations, the presence of observers may influence how we evaluate feedback and learn from it. The neural basis of such observer-induced behavioral changes is not well understood at present. In the current study, we used event-related potentials (ERPs) and event-related spectral perturbations (ERSPs) combined with a gambling task to examine how the presence of others modulates the neural representations of errors and losses. In the alone condition, participants finished the gambling task alone while in the observed condition, they were observed by two others. Results revealed that the observer effect particularly altered the feedback-related negativity (FRN) and the late positive potential (LPP). The difference in FRN amplitude between error and correct feedback was enlarged when participants were being observed. The LPP also showed a marginally enhanced amplitude difference between error and correct feedback in the observed condition. We also found that theta power was enhanced in the observed condition. Taken together, our findings suggest that neural representations of errors were influenced by the presence of others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changrun Huang
- School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application and Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongjun Yu
- School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application and Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Differential effects of real versus hypothetical monetary reward magnitude on risk-taking behavior and brain activity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3712. [PMID: 29487303 PMCID: PMC5829218 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21820-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human decisions are more easily affected by a larger amount of money than a smaller one. Although numerous studies have used hypothetical money as incentives to motivate human behavior, the validity of hypothetical versus real monetary rewards remains controversial. In the present study, we used event-related potential (ERP) with the balloon analogue risk task to investigate how magnitudes of real and hypothetical monetary rewards modulate risk-taking behavior and feedback-related negativity (FRN). Behavioral data showed that participants were more risk averse after negative feedback with increased magnitude of real monetary rewards, while no behavior differences were observed between large and small hypothetical monetary rewards. Similarly, ERP data showed a larger FRN in response to negative feedback during risk taking with large compared to small real monetary rewards, while no FRN differences were observed between large and small hypothetical monetary rewards. Moreover, FRN amplitude differences correlated with risk-taking behavior changes from small to large real monetary rewards, while such correlation was not observed for hypothetical monetary rewards. These findings suggest that the magnitudes of real and hypothetical monetary rewards have differential effects on risk-taking behavior and brain activity. Real and hypothetical money incentives may have different validity for modulating human decisions.
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu HH, Hwang YD, Hsieh MH, Hsu YF, Lai WS. Misfortune may be a blessing in disguise: Fairness perception and emotion modulate decision making. Psychophysiology 2017; 54:1163-1179. [PMID: 28421669 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fairness perception and equality during social interactions frequently elicit affective arousal and affect decision making. By integrating the dictator game and a probabilistic gambling task, this study aimed to investigate the effects of a negative experience induced by perceived unfairness on decision making using behavioral, model fitting, and electrophysiological approaches. Participants were randomly assigned to the neutral, harsh, or kind groups, which consisted of various asset allocation scenarios to induce different levels of perceived unfairness. The monetary gain was subsequently considered the initial asset in a negatively rewarded, probabilistic gambling task in which the participants were instructed to maintain as much asset as possible. Our behavioral results indicated that the participants in the harsh group exhibited increased levels of negative emotions but retained greater total game scores than the participants in the other two groups. Parameter estimation of a reinforcement learning model using a Bayesian approach indicated that these participants were more loss aversive and consistent in decision making. Data from simultaneous ERP recordings further demonstrated that these participants exhibited larger feedback-related negativity to unexpected outcomes in the gambling task, which suggests enhanced reward sensitivity and signaling of reward prediction error. Collectively, our study suggests that a negative experience may be an advantage in the modulation of reward-based decision making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Hsiang Liu
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Dir Hwang
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming H Hsieh
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Fong Hsu
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Sung Lai
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|