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Chadefaux D, Pothrat C, Shayegan S, Le Carrou JL. Forearm muscles activity of harp players. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37715665 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2023.2258252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
The practice of a musical instrument requires fine dexterity, repetitive, fast, and precise movements, as well as important efforts to set the instrument into vibration, while adopting postures often unnatural for the human body. As a result, musicians are often subject to pain and musculoskeletal disorders. In the case of plucked string instruments and especially the concert harp, the plucking force is directly related to the strings' tension. Consequently, the choice of the strings has to be made based on both, the musician feel while playing, and the musculoskeletal consequences. This paper investigates how the string properties and the playing dynamics affect the finger and wrist muscle activity during harp playing. This study first emphasized the noteworthy recruitment of the flexor and extensor muscles (42% and 29% of MVC, respectively). Findings outlined further that the fingering choice, the adopted playing dynamics and the string's material govern the muscular activity level and the playing control. Such results are a first step to better understand how the harp ergonomics may affect the player's integrity and help them decide the most suitable stringing for their practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Chadefaux
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, IBHGC-Institut de Biomécanique Humaine Georges Charpak, HESAM Université, Paris, France
| | - C Pothrat
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Jean Le Rond d'Alembert, Equipe Lutheries-Acoustique-Musique, Paris, France
| | - S Shayegan
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, IBHGC-Institut de Biomécanique Humaine Georges Charpak, HESAM Université, Paris, France
| | - J-L Le Carrou
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Jean Le Rond d'Alembert, Equipe Lutheries-Acoustique-Musique, Paris, France
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Goubault E, Turner C, Mailly R, Begon M, Dal Maso F, Verdugo F. Neuromotor variability partially explains different endurance capacities of expert pianists. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15163. [PMID: 37704661 PMCID: PMC10499816 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42408-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
During fatiguing piano tasks, muscle fatigue develops differently between expert pianists. Differences in neuromotor strategies employed could explain a slower rate of fatigue development. The objective was to compare muscle activation and kinematic variabilities between ShortDuration (i.e., pianists with less endurance) and LongDuration groups. Results from 49 pianists showed that EMG activation variability of most shoulder and upper limbs muscles was greater for the ShortDuration group with time during two piano fatiguing tasks, namely Digital and Chord tasks. Segment acceleration variability, assessed using inertial measurement units, was also greater with time for the ShortDuration group at the right arm during the Digital task, and at the thorax and head during the Chord task. Finally, thorax lateroflexion variability increased with time for the LongDuration group (but not the ShortDuration group) during the Digital task. During the Chord task, wrist flexion variability was higher for the LongDuration group compared to the ShortDuration group. These results showed a direct effect of time on the pianists' acceleration variability and EMG activation variability. In contrast, a protective effect of fatigue development could be attributed to kinematic variability. Results also suggest a higher risk of injury among pianists in the ShortDuration group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Goubault
- Laboratoire de Simulation et Modélisation du Mouvement, École de Kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Craig Turner
- Laboratoire de Simulation et Modélisation du Mouvement, École de Kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Robin Mailly
- Laboratoire de Simulation et Modélisation du Mouvement, École de Kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mickaël Begon
- Laboratoire de Simulation et Modélisation du Mouvement, École de Kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Fabien Dal Maso
- Laboratoire de Simulation et Modélisation du Mouvement, École de Kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de recherche sur le cerveau et l'apprentissage, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Felipe Verdugo
- Laboratoire de Simulation et Modélisation du Mouvement, École de Kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Faculté de Musique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Kim SJ, Shin YK, Jeong E, Cho SR. Movement-specific keyboard playing for hand function in adolescents and young adults with acquired brain injury. Front Neurol 2023; 13:1062615. [PMID: 36698898 PMCID: PMC9868739 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1062615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with acquired brain injury (ABI) suffer from deficits in fine motor function in hands which affect independent self-care function in daily life. This study aimed to examine the effects of movement-specific keyboard playing for improved hand function in adolescents and young adults with ABI. Method A total of 23 patients with ABI participated in this study. Twelve were assigned to the intervention group and eleven to the control group. The intervention group engaged in movement-specific keyboard playing three to four times a week for 3 weeks in addition to standard care, while the control group received only standard care. Results The results of a mixed model of repeated measures ANOVA showed that the time effects were significant in the functional independence measure, key-pressing force, and most of the hand function tests measured. In terms of the interaction effect between group and time, a significant effect was found only in the checker-stacking task as a subtest of the Jebsen-Talyor Hand Function Test. Discussion These results indicate that the specified movements required to play the keyboard may involve more precise and dexterous manipulation with hands and fingers. These results also suggest that movement-specific keyboard playing has potential in optimizing the intervention effect of keyboard playing while maximizing the benefits of music for motivating young patients with ABI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Ji Kim
- Music Therapy Education, Graduate School of Education, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Arts Education Therapy Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,*Correspondence: Soo Ji Kim ✉
| | - Yoon-Kyum Shin
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eomhyeong Jeong
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Graduate Program of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Rae Cho
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Graduate Program of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Rehabilitation Institute of Neuromuscular Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Sung-Rae Cho ✉
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Wang J, Xu R, Guo X, Guo S, Zhou J, Lu J, Yao D. Different Music Training Modulates Theta Brain Oscillations Associated with Executive Function. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12101304. [PMID: 36291238 PMCID: PMC9599161 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12101304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Different music training involves different hand coordination levels and may have a significant influence on brain oscillation for the executive function. However, few research has focused on the plasticity of executive function and the brain oscillation modulated by different musical instrument training modules. In this study, we recruited 18 string musicians, 20 pianists, and 19 non-musicians to perform a bimanual key pressing task during EEG recording. Behavioral results revealed that pianists have the highest accuracy and the shortest response time, followed by string musicians and non-musicians (p < 0.05). Time-frequency analyses of EEG revealed that pianists generated significantly greater theta power than the other groups from 500 ms to 800 ms post-stimulus in mid-central, frontal brain areas, and motor control areas. Functional connectivity analyses found that the pianists showed significantly greater connectivity in the frontal-parietal area in theta band based on phase-locking value analysis, which suggests that piano training improves executive function and enhances the connectivity between prefrontal and mid-central regions. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the effects of different music training on executive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junce Wang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Ruijie Xu
- School of Glasgow, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Xiaolong Guo
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Sijia Guo
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Junchen Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Jing Lu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (D.Y.)
| | - Dezhong Yao
- Research Unit of NeuroInformation 2019RU035, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 611731, China
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (D.Y.)
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Are the forearm muscles excited equally in different, professional piano players? PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265575. [PMID: 35316295 PMCID: PMC8939780 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Professional pianists tend to develop playing-related musculoskeletal disorders mostly in the forearm. These injuries are often due to overuse, suggesting the existence of a common forearm region where muscles are often excited during piano playing across subjects. Here we use a grid of electrodes to test this hypothesis, assessing where EMGs with greatest amplitude are more likely to be detected when expert pianists perform different excerpts. Methods Tasks were separated into two groups: classical excerpts and octaves, performed by eight, healthy, professional pianists. Monopolar electromyograms (EMGs) were sampled with a grid of 96 electrodes, covering the forearm region where hand and wrist muscles reside. Regions providing consistently high EMG amplitude across subjects were assessed with a non-parametric permutation test, designed for the statistical analysis of neuroimaging experiments. Spatial consistency across trials was assessed with the Binomial test. Results Spatial consistency of muscle excitation was found across subjects but not across tasks, confining at most 20% of the electrodes in the grid. These local groups of electrodes providing high EMG amplitude were found at the ventral forearm region during classical excerpts and at the dorsal region during octaves, when performed both at preferred and at high, playing speeds. Discussion Our results revealed that professional pianists consistently load a specific forearm region, depending on whether performing octaves or classical excerpts. This spatial consistency may help furthering our understanding on the incidence of playing-related muscular disorders and provide an anatomical reference for the study of active muscle loading in piano players using surface EMG.
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Sankar K, Michael Christudhas JC. Influence of aging, disease, exercise, and injury on human hand movements: A systematic review. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2021; 235:1221-1256. [PMID: 34278839 DOI: 10.1177/09544119211028698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The human hand is a versatile organ that performs a variety of activities in daily life. The coordination of digits allows them to deal with objects of various sizes and shapes with an appropriate range of motions (ROM). A systematic literature review was performed to identify the clinical and non-clinical factors which affected the normal ROM, grip strength (GS), and dexterity of hand. The overall outcomes of the systematic review showed that: the performance of the individual declined as the age progressed; the performance of the dominant hand (DH) of an individual was better compared to his/her non-dominant hand (NDH); the tasks performed by a healthy hand was more efficient compared to a diseased one; appropriate rehabilitation programs/exercise techniques after a disease or injury improved the ROM, GS, and dexterity of hand post-surgery on par to a healthy hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnakumar Sankar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Goubault E, Verdugo F, Pelletier J, Traube C, Begon M, Dal Maso F. Exhausting repetitive piano tasks lead to local forearm manifestation of muscle fatigue and negatively affect musical parameters. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8117. [PMID: 33854088 PMCID: PMC8047012 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87403-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle fatigue is considered as a risk factor for developing playing-related muscular disorders among professional pianists and could affect musical performance. This study investigated in 50 pianists the effect of fatiguing repetitive piano sequences on the development of forearm muscle fatigue and on piano performance parameters. Results showed signs of myoelectric manifestation of fatigue in the 42-electromyographic bipolar electrodes positioned on the forearm to record finger and wrist flexor and extensor muscles, through a significant non-constant decrease of instantaneous median frequency during two repetitive Digital (right-hand 16-tones sequence) and Chord (right-hand chords sequence) excerpts, with extensor muscles showing greater signs of fatigue than flexor muscles. In addition, muscle fatigue negatively affected key velocity, a central feature of piano sound intensity, in both Digital and Chord excerpts, and note-events, a fundamental aspect of musicians' performance parameter, in the Chord excerpt only. This result highlights that muscle fatigue may alter differently pianists' musical performance according to the characteristics of the piece played.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Goubault
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Laboratoire de Simulation et Modélisation du Mouvement, École de Kinésiologie et des Sciences de l’activité Physique, Université de Montréal, 1700 Rue Jacques-Tétreault, Laval, QC Canada
| | - Felipe Verdugo
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Input Devices and Music Interaction Laboratory, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Music Media and Technology, Schulich School of Music, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.267180.a0000 0001 2168 0285EXPRESSION Team, Université Bretagne-Sud, Vannes, France
| | - Justine Pelletier
- grid.38678.320000 0001 2181 0211Laboratoire Arts vivants et interdisciplinarité, Département de danse, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Caroline Traube
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Laboratoire de recherche sur le geste musicien, Faculté de musique, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Mickaël Begon
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Laboratoire de Simulation et Modélisation du Mouvement, École de Kinésiologie et des Sciences de l’activité Physique, Université de Montréal, 1700 Rue Jacques-Tétreault, Laval, QC Canada ,grid.411418.90000 0001 2173 6322Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Fabien Dal Maso
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Laboratoire de Simulation et Modélisation du Mouvement, École de Kinésiologie et des Sciences de l’activité Physique, Université de Montréal, 1700 Rue Jacques-Tétreault, Laval, QC Canada ,Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche sur le cerveau et l’apprentissage, Montréal, QC Canada
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Dąbrowski K, Stankiewicz-Jóźwicka H, Kowalczyk A, Markuszewski M, Ciszek B. Musculus Palmaris Longus: Influence on Playing Capability of Keyboard Musicians - Preliminary Report. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1460. [PMID: 30150961 PMCID: PMC6099527 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Musculus Palmaris Longus (PL) is one of the most variable anatomical structures in the human body. Despite being biomechanically active, it is vastly considered to have no impact on the functionality of the upper extremity in the general population. The aim of this study is to examine the relation between playing capability of young musicians and morphology of Musculus PL and to compare it with the relation between manual capability of non-musicians and morphology of their Musculus PL. 42 forearms of 21 healthy individuals (11 musicians and 10 non-musicians) were subjected to Shaeffer's test and ultrasound imaging and tested by dynamometer for hand grip strength and the first and fifth finger opposition before and after exertion. No difference in morphology pattern was observed between the groups. In the musicians, a substantial loss of a hand grip strength of the left hand compared to the right hand after exertion, regardless of lateralization, was observed. A disproportion in exhaustion of the musician's hands with unilateral absence of PL was observed - the difference in grip strength between the dominant and non-dominant hand before and after exertion increased over eight times more than in the musicians with bilateral presence. There is no difference in PL morphology between either the musicians or non-musicians. Regardless of lateralization, the musician's left hand in musicians seems weaker and therefore more prone to misuse related injuries. PL may play a role in musicians in balancing muscular exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Dąbrowski
- Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Arkadiusz Kowalczyk
- Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Markuszewski
- Department of Choir Conducting, Music Education, Church Music, Rhythmics and Dance, The Fryderyk Chopin University of Music, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bogdan Ciszek
- Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Neurosurgery in Bogdanowicz Children's Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
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