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Mao F, Li Z, Qiu C, Fang Q. Developing integrative practice on basic soccer skills to stimulate cognitive promotion for children and adolescents. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1348006. [PMID: 38708011 PMCID: PMC11066207 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1348006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Mao
- School of Physical Education, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Research Center for Youth Football, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zelong Li
- School of Physical Education, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chen Qiu
- School of Physical Education, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qun Fang
- School of Physical Education, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Research Center for Youth Football, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Forelli F, Riera J, Marine P, Gaspar M, Memain G, Miraglia N, Nielsen-LE Roux M, Bouzekraoui Alaoui I, Kakavas G, Hewett TE, King E, Rambaud AJ. Implementing Velocity-Based Training to Optimize Return to Sprint After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Soccer Players: A Clinical Commentary. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2024; 19:355-365. [PMID: 38439768 PMCID: PMC10909314 DOI: 10.26603/001c.92704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
After anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), return to sprint is poorly documented in the literature. In soccer, return to sprint is an essential component of return to play and performance after ACLR. The characteristics of running in soccer are specific (velocity differences, nonlinear, intensity). It is important to address these particularities, such as curvilinear running, acceleration, deceleration, changes of direction, and variations in velocity, in the patient's rehabilitation program. Force, velocity, and acceleration capacities are key elements to sprint performance. Velocity-based training (VBT) has gained much interest in recent years and may have a role to play in optimizing return to play and return to sprint after ACLR. Force, velocity, and acceleration can be assessed using force-velocity-power and acceleration-speed profiles, which should inform rehabilitation. The purpose of this commentary is to describe a velocity-based return to sprint program which can be used during ACLR rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Forelli
- Orthosport Rehab Center, Domont, France
- Clinic of Domont, Orthopedic Surgery Department, Ramsay Healthcare, Domont, France
- SFMKS-Lab, Société Française des Masseurs-kinésithérapeutes du Sport, Pierrefitte/Seine, France
| | - Jérôme Riera
- University Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Lyon 1, University Savoie Mont-Blanc, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, France
- University of Bordeaux, College of Health Sciences, IUSR, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Maxime Gaspar
- Clairefontaine Medical Center, French Football Federation, France
| | - Geoffrey Memain
- Clairefontaine Medical Center, French Football Federation, France
| | | | | | - Ismail Bouzekraoui Alaoui
- Mohammed VI Faculty of Nursing and Allied Health Professions, Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health, Casablanca, Morocco
- Research Unit, Mohammed VI Center for Research and Innovation, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Georgios Kakavas
- Fysiotek Spine & Sports Lab, Athens, Greece
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, @ErgoMechLab, Trikala,Greece
| | - Timothy E Hewett
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Enda King
- Rehabilitation Department, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Alexandre Jm Rambaud
- SFMKS-Lab, Société Française des Masseurs-kinésithérapeutes du Sport, Pierrefitte/Seine, France
- Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, Sports Medicine Unity, University Hospital of Saint Etienne, Faculty of medicine, Saint-Etienne. France
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Zhou Y, Tolmie A. Associations between Gross and Fine Motor Skills, Physical Activity, Executive Function, and Academic Achievement: Longitudinal Findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study. Brain Sci 2024; 14:121. [PMID: 38391696 PMCID: PMC10887312 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14020121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence from behavioral studies and neuroscience suggests that motor and cognitive development are intrinsically intertwined. To explore the underlying mechanisms of this motor-cognition link, our study examined the longitudinal relationship of early motor skills and physical activity with later cognitive skills. The sample was 3188 children from the United Kingdom Millennium Cohort Study, followed at 9 months and 5, 7, and 11 years. Early motor skills were examined at 9 months. Children's daily physical activity level was measured using accelerometers at 7 years and a questionnaire was conducted at 11 years. Cognitive skills, including executive function and academic achievement, were measured at age 11. The results suggest that gross motor skills were positively associated with spatial working memory, whereas fine motor skills were predictive of good English and science outcomes. Moderate-to-vigorous activity was found to be negatively associated with English performance, although self-reported activity frequency was positively linked to math. Our results highlight the significant role of both gross and fine motor skills in cognitive development. This study also elucidates the limitations of using activity intensity to assess the impact of motor activity on children's cognitive development, suggesting that attention to the effects of specific types of physical activity would better elucidate the motor/cognition link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Zhou
- Motor-Executive Control Interaction Lab, Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Andrew Tolmie
- Motor-Executive Control Interaction Lab, Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Magistro D, Cooper SB, Boat R, Carlevaro F, Magno F, Castagno C, Simon M, Musella G. An After-School Football Session Transiently Improves Cognitive Function in Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:164. [PMID: 36612487 PMCID: PMC9819323 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a real-world after-school football session on subsequent cognitive function in primary school children. Following ethical approval, 100 children (aged 8−9 year) from the same after-school football club were randomly assigned to either an intervention (60 min football activity) or control (continued to rest) group. Cognitive function (selective visual attention, short term memory and long-term memory) was assessed prior to, immediately following and 45 min following the football session (and at the respective timepoints in the control group). Data were analysed via two-way (group * time) mixed methods ANOVA. The pattern of change in all domains of cognition over time, was different between the football and control groups (group * time, all p < 0.001). Specifically, performance on all cognitive tasks was greater immediately following the football session in the intervention group compared to the control group (selective visual attention, p = 0.003; short-term memory, p = 0.004; long-term memory, p < 0.001). However, there was no difference between the group 45 min following the football session (p = 0.132−0.393). These findings suggest that an after-school football session enhances cognition immediately post-activity in primary school children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Magistro
- Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Simon B. Cooper
- Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Ruth Boat
- Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Fabio Carlevaro
- Polo Universitario Asti Studi Superiori (Uni-Astiss), 14100 Asti, Italy
| | - Francesca Magno
- Polo Universitario Asti Studi Superiori (Uni-Astiss), 14100 Asti, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy
| | - Cristian Castagno
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy
| | - Martina Simon
- Polo Universitario Asti Studi Superiori (Uni-Astiss), 14100 Asti, Italy
| | - Giovanni Musella
- Polo Universitario Asti Studi Superiori (Uni-Astiss), 14100 Asti, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy
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Bai J, Huang H, Ouyang H. Effects of Group-Play Moderate to Vigorous Intensity Physical Activity Intervention on Executive Function and Motor Skills in 4- to 5-Year-Old Preschoolers: A Pilot Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Psychol 2022; 13:847785. [PMID: 35783790 PMCID: PMC9240218 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.847785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to examine the effect of group-play intervention on executive function (EF) in preschoolers. This group-play intervention was integrated as moderate to vigorous physical activity and cognitively loaded exercise to promote EF in preschoolers. An 8-week group-play MVPA intervention program, consisting of a series of outdoor physical and cognitively loaded games, was designed to improve preschoolers' EF. This intervention program was implemented in group-play form, and conducted by teachers who received standardized training before the intervention. Two classes of second grade preschoolers (N = 62) were randomly allocated to experimental (n = 30, M age = 4.16, SD = 0.29) and control (n = 32, M age = 4.7, SD = 0.43) groups. The intervention group received the intervention three times a week, while the control group exercised as usual in preschool. Before, in the middle of, and after the intervention, 10-m running, standing broad jump, throwing, body flexion, balance beam, and skip jump were assessed as tests of motor skills. In addition, three components of EF were measured separately before, in the middle of, and after the intervention: inhibitory control was assessed by using the silly sound Stroop task, working memory was tested using the empty house task, and shifting was assessed using the dimensional change card sorting task. Although both groups showed an increasing trend in terms of motor skills and EF during the intervention, the increasing amounts of the intervention group were significantly higher than the control group. The findings of the present study suggested that group-play intervention has positive effects on aspects of EF in addition to motor skills in preschoolers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Bai
- College of Preschool Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Heqing Huang
- College of Preschool Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Huahong Ouyang
- College of Teacher Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
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Play Smart, Be Smart? Effect of Cognitively Engaging Physical Activity Interventions on Executive Function among Children 4~12 Years Old: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12060762. [PMID: 35741648 PMCID: PMC9220861 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12060762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper aims to collect a compendium of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) exploring the effects of cognitively engaging physical activity (PA) interventions (basketball and floorball) on various domain-specific executive functions (EFs) in children aged 4 to 12. Following the PRISMA principle, 11 articles (total sample size: 2053) were analyzed for effect size and moderating impact with Stata 13.0 software. Overall EFs (SMD = 0.21, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.32, p < 0.05), updating (SMD = 0.17, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.30, p < 0.05) and shifting (SMD = 0.32, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.61, p < 0.05) were enhanced by cognitively engaging PA interventions. Age and BMI were found to have no effect on overall EFs performance in Meta regression. Overall EFs performance was improved by interventions with a session length (≥35 min) (SMD = 0.30, 95 % CI 0.10 to 0.49, p = 0.033). The review suggests that despite the moderate effect sizes, cognitively engaging PA may be an effective approach to improving EFs in children aged 4 to 12, especially updating and shifting.
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Bryce CJC. School Based Motor Skill Interventions for Developmentally Delayed and Non-Delayed Children. Glob Pediatr Health 2021; 8:2333794X211057707. [PMID: 34841010 PMCID: PMC8613880 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x211057707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: A mere 33% of all children meet the recommended minimum physical activity guidelines for adequate health maintenance. Available literature however suggests children are more likely to be active when they are competent with their own motor ability. This review aimed to evaluate how several regimented motor skills training courses and interventions improve motor skill competence among children compared with age matched control peers. Method: Electronic databases were searched and included Medline Complete and Psych INFO (both hosted by EBSCO Host). The search syntax examined titles and abstracts. The study aimed to create novelty by examining participants with and without developmental delays simultaneously from studies around the globe. Included interventions were aimed at the most crucial developmental years for children (between 3 and 11 years). Results: Results were found in favor of the motor skill intervention groups (from pre-to post-test). Included interventions involved weekly motor skills exposure of 60 to 120 minutes for periods of between 2 and 6 months. Over 50% of included interventions involved alterations to current school curriculums. The included studies were of moderate to high quality. Conclusion: The findings suggest that for those with and without developmental delays, several interventions can be effectively applied in once weekly 60-minute sessions (over eight or more weeks) to improve children’s motor skill abilities. Applying appropriate difficulty to interventions seems equally influential. Implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colby J C Bryce
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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Zhao W, Hui M, Zhang X, Li L. The Relationship between Motor Coordination and Imitation: An fNIRS Study. Brain Sci 2021; 11:1052. [PMID: 34439671 PMCID: PMC8391614 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11081052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although motor coordination and imitation are important factors affecting motor skill learning, few studies have examined the relationship between them in healthy adults. In order to address this in the present study, we used fNIRS to analyze the relationship between motor coordination and imitation in college students. Our results showed that: (1) motor coordination in female students was positively correlated with the average time taken to perform an imitation; (2) the mean imitation time was negatively correlated with the activation level of the supplementary motor cortex, primary somatosensory cortex, and angular gyrus of the mirror neuron system; (3) motor coordination in female students moderated mirror neuron system (MNS) activation and imitation. For women with low rather than high motor coordination, higher MNS activation was associated with a stronger imitation ability. These results demonstrate that motor coordination in female students is closely related to action imitation, and that it moderates the activation of the MNS, as measured via fNIRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of the Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (W.Z.); (M.H.); (X.Z.)
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Minqiang Hui
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of the Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (W.Z.); (M.H.); (X.Z.)
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Qiushi College, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong 030600, China
| | - Xiaoyou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of the Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (W.Z.); (M.H.); (X.Z.)
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of the Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (W.Z.); (M.H.); (X.Z.)
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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Bukowska JM, Jekiełek M, Kruczkowski D, Ambroży T, Jaszczur-Nowicki J. Biomechanical Aspects of the Foot Arch, Body Balance and Body Weight Composition of Boys Training Football. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5017. [PMID: 34068483 PMCID: PMC8126029 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18095017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: The aim of the study is to assess the body balance and podological parameters and body composition of young footballers in the context of the control of football training. Methods: The study examined the distribution of the pressure of the part of the foot on the ground, the arch of the foot, and the analysis of the body composition of the boys. The pressure center for both feet and the whole body was also examined. The study involved 90 youth footballers from Olsztyn and Barczewo in three age groups: 8-10 years, 11-13 years old, and 14-16 years. The study used the Inbody 270 body composition analyzer and the EPSR1, a mat that measures the pressure distribution of the feet on the ground. Results: The results showed statistically significant differences in almost every case for each area of the foot between the groups of the examined boys. The most significant differences were observed for the metatarsal area and the left heel. In the case of stabilization of the whole body, statistically significant differences were noted between all study groups. In the case of the body composition parameters, in the examined boys, a coherent direction of changes was noticed for most of them. The relationships and correlations between the examined parameters were also investigated. The significance level in the study was set at p < 0.05. Conclusions: Under the training rigor, a statistically significant increase in stability was observed with age. The total length of the longitudinal arch of both feet of the examined boys showed a tendency to flatten in direct proportion to the age of the examined boys. Mean values of the body composition parameters reflect changes with the ontogenetic development, basic somatic parameters (body height and weight) and training experience, and thus with the intensity and volume of training. This indicates a correct training process that does not interfere with the proper development of the body in terms of tissue and biochemical composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M. Bukowska
- Department of Tourism, Recreation and Ecology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Jekiełek
- Department of Ergonomics and Physiological Effort, Institute of Physiotherapy, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, 31-126 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Kruczkowski
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Elbląg University of the Humanities and Economics, 82-300 Elbląg, Poland;
| | - Tadeusz Ambroży
- Institute of Sports Sciences, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Jarosław Jaszczur-Nowicki
- Department of Tourism, Recreation and Ecology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
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Hermassi S, Chelly MS, Michalsik LB, Sanal NEM, D. Hayes L, Cadenas-Sanchez C. Relationship between fatness, physical fitness, and academic performance in normal weight and overweight schoolchild handball players in Qatar State. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246476. [PMID: 33606780 PMCID: PMC7895367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between physiological parameters (namely fatness and physical fitness) with academic performance (namely mathematics and science grade point average [GPA]) in normal weight and overweight schoolchild handball players. Thirty-six young male team handball players (age: 9±1 years; body mass: 45.5±14.2 kg; height: 1.38±9.1 m; body fat: 19.7±5.6%) at the highest national league for their age group participated. Anthropometry was examined by measuring body mass, body fat percentage (%BF), and body mass index (BMI). Fitness testing included the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test (level 1), squat jumps (SJ) and counter-movement jumps (CMJ), and upper-limb throwing performance (2 kg medicine ball seated front throw), a 15 m sprint test, and a T-half test for change-of-direction (COD) ability. Academic performance was evaluated through school records of grade point average (GPA) of mathematics and science. BMI was negatively correlated with science GPA (r = -0.57, p<0.001) and mathematics GPA (r = -0.39, p<0.001). Significant correlations between Yo-Yo test performance and science GPA (r = 0.73, p<0.001) and mathematics GPA (r = 0.66, p<0.001) existed. T-half test score (less time taken meant a superior performance) was negatively correlated with science GPA (r = 0.48, p = 0.003) and mathematics GPA (r = 0.63, p<0.01). In conclusion, fatness and physical fitness (except for the upper-muscular strength) were significantly related to academic performance in in schoolchild handball players. Based on results of this study, it seems pragmatic and appropriate to engage young schoolchild in physical activity as it associates with superior academic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souhail Hermassi
- Physical Education Department, College of Education, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- * E-mail:
| | - Mohamed Souhaiel Chelly
- Research Unit (UR17JS01) « Sport Performance, Health & Society», Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-Saîd, University of “La Manouba”, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Lars Bojsen Michalsik
- Department of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Muscle Physiology and Biomechanics Research Unit, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Lawrence D. Hayes
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez
- Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Begum Ali J, Charman T, Johnson MH, Jones EJH. Early Motor Differences in Infants at Elevated Likelihood of Autism Spectrum Disorder and/or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2020; 50:4367-4384. [PMID: 32328858 PMCID: PMC7677154 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04489-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We investigated infant's manual motor behaviour; specifically behaviours crossing the body midline. Infants at elevated likelihood of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and/or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) produced fewer manual behaviours that cross the midline compared to infants with a typical likelihood of developing these disorders; however this effect was limited to 10-month-olds and not apparent at age 5 and 14 months. Although, midline crossing did not predict ASD traits, it was related to ADHD traits at 2 years of age. We rule out motor ability and hand dominance as possible explanations for this pattern of behaviour, positing that these results may be a consequence of multisensory integration abilities, and the neurobehavioural shift period, in the first year of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannath Begum Ali
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, Henry Wellcome Building, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX, UK.
| | - Tony Charman
- Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mark H Johnson
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, Henry Wellcome Building, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emily J H Jones
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, Henry Wellcome Building, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX, UK
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Köksal M, Gül GK, Doğanay M, Álvarez-García C. Effects of coordination training on the technical development in 10-/13-year-old football players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 61:497-504. [PMID: 32744045 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.11270-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the effects of coordination training carried out by 10- and 13-year-old male football players on the performance of dribbling, passing, shooting, ball bouncing and wall-volley skills. METHODS A total of 45 male football players were divided into three 15 participants groups. The experimental group performed 30 min coordination training three days a week for ten weeks while the control group one continued their routine training and control group two performed unstructured football training. Measurements included Mor and Christian, Yeagley and Johnson football skill tests. Pre- and post-test measurements were compared by an ANOVA 2×3. A significant level of P<0.05 was established. RESULTS All the skills, dribbling (P<0.001), passing (P<0.001), shooting (P<0.001), ball bouncing (P=0.047) and wall-volley (P<0.001), improved after ten weeks in the experimental group, while only passing (P=0.006), shooting (P=0.007) and wall-volley (P<0.001) improved in the control group one and none of the skills improved in the control group two (P>0.05). The improvement was significant in the experimental group in comparison with the control groups (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The implementation of coordination exercises in combination with structured football training has been shown to be effective in improving general football ability among 10-13 male players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Köksal
- Department of Sport Performance and Condition, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Gazanfer K Gül
- Department of Sport Performance and Condition, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Murat Doğanay
- Department of Sport Performance and Condition, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey -
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Abate Daga F, Baseggio L, Gollin M, Beratto L. Game-based versus multilateral approach: effects of a 12-week program on motor skill acquisition and physical fitness development in soccer school children. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 60:1185-1193. [PMID: 32432448 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.10726-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a 12-week-game-based training versus a traditional multilateral approach on motor skills acquisition and physical fitness, in a group of U9 children playing soccer. METHODS Forty children aged 9 or younger (U9) recruited from a local soccer school were assigned in a 1:1 ratio to a game-based training program (GB) or a multilateral training (MA) approach. The training programs lasted 12 weeks, and players were tested at baseline and at the end of the program (12-week follow-up). The outcomes were: standing long jump test, shuttle dribble test, 10×5 shuttle run test and Mini-Cooper test. RESULTS Within-group comparisons showed statistically-significant improvements in both of the groups: standing long lump (P<0.0001), shuttle dribble test (P<0.0001), shuttle run test (P<0.0001) and Mini-Cooper test (P<0.0001). Furthermore, the MA group showed better performance in the shuttle run test after 12 weeks of training compared to the GB group (P=0.0002; +8%). CONCLUSIONS A multilateral approach promotes physical development in U9 soccer players without affecting learning of-soccer skills. Therefore, a multilateral approach should be included in soccer training programs to ensure an optimal development in young soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Abate Daga
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy - .,Department of Medical Sciences, School of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy -
| | - Luca Baseggio
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Gollin
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Beratto
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Milavic B, Padulo J, Grgantov Z, Milić M, Mannarini S, Manzoni GM, Ardigò LP, Rossi A. Development and factorial validity of the Psychological Skills Inventory for Sports, Youth Version - Short Form: Assessment of the psychometric properties. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220930. [PMID: 31415637 PMCID: PMC6695110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Researchers in sport often try to investigate relations between athletes’ psychological skills and their sports results to predict top athletic achievements or unexpectedly poor performances. The Psychology Skills Inventory for Sports (Youth version), PSIS-Y, was developed to measure psychological characteristics of young athletes–differentiating well more talented and less talented young athletes. Nevertheless, previous studies revealed its inadequate, factorial validity. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop and investigate the psychometric proprieties of a brief version of the PSIS-Y (PSIS-Y-SF) in a sample of young Croatian athletes. Participants (n = 304; 188 females and 116 male) were recruited in clubs/teams all over Croatia and all of them competed in the Croatian Championship in youth (n = 157) and junior category (n = 147). The PSIS-Y-SF was derived by ten expert psychologists with five of them who had past experiences of agonistic sport practice. Psychometric analysis included Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), internal consistency analysis (Raykov’s Maximal Reliability), and correlation between subscales. Moreover, Multivariate Analyses of Variance (MANOVA) was run to test statistical differences between the players’ categories (male youth vs. male junior vs. female youth vs. female junior) in all of the subscales. Results of the CFA suggested the adequateness of the supposed six first-order factor solution for the PSIS-Y-SF. The Maximal Reliability statistics suggest a good internal consistency for all of the subscales and the MANOVA suggested differences between the player’s categories. The PSIS-Y-SF resulted to be a valid and reliable tool for the assessment of sports psychological skills. Findings from the psychometric evaluation of PSIS-Y-SF suggest that this is a useful tool, which may further assist in the measurement and conceptualization of sport psychological skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Milavic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Johnny Padulo
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Tunisian Research Laboratory Sports Performance Optimization, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Zoran Grgantov
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Mirjana Milić
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Stefania Mannarini
- Interdepartmental Center for Family Research, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology, Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gian Mauro Manzoni
- Faculty of Psychology, eCampus University, Novedrate, Italy
- Psychology Research Laboratory, Ospedale San Giuseppe, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Verbania, Italy
| | - Luca Paolo Ardigò
- School of Exercise and Sport Science, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Alessandro Rossi
- Interdepartmental Center for Family Research, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology, Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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15
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Alesi M, Gómez-López M, Chicau Borrego C, Monteiro D, Granero-Gallegos A. Effects of a Motivational Climate on Psychological Needs Satisfaction, Motivation and Commitment in Teen Handball Players. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16152702. [PMID: 31362380 PMCID: PMC6696366 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16152702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of the motivational climate created by the coach and perceived by a group of young high-performance handball players on their sport motivation, self-determination, sport psychological needs and sport commitment. The study participants were 479 young handball players. The age range was 16–17 years old. Players were administered a battery composed of a Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire, Sport Motivation Scale, the Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale and Sport Commitment Questionnaire to measure the above-mentioned theoretical constructs. Results showed that the handball players showed high levels of a task-involving climate, of basic psychological needs satisfaction and of self-determined motivation and commitment. Higher levels of basic psychological needs such as autonomy and competence were associated with a higher task-involving climate, self-determined index and sport commitment (task-involving climate–basic psychological needs (β = 0.55; 95% IC 0.387/0.682; p = 0.001); Ego-involving climate–basic psychological needs (β = 0.06; 95% IC −0.069/0.181; p = 0.387); Basic psychological needs–self-determined index (β = 0.48; 95% IC 0.376/0.571; p = 0.001); Self-determined index–commitment (β = 0.58; 95% IC 0.488/0.663; p = 0.001). The obtained model showed that basic psychological needs mediated the association between a task-involving climate and self-determination, and self-determination mediated the association between basic psychological needs satisfaction and commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Alesi
- Department of Psychological, Pedagogical and Education Sciences, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Manuel Gómez-López
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, Santiago de la Ribera, 30720 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Carla Chicau Borrego
- Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior, Polytechnic Institute of Santarém Research Center in Life Quality (CIEQV), 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Diogo Monteiro
- Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior, Polytechnic Institute of Santarém Research Center in Sport, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Antonio Granero-Gallegos
- Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
- Health Research Center, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
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16
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Sanabria D, Luque-Casado A, Perales JC, Ballester R, Ciria LF, Huertas F, Perakakis P. The relationship between vigilance capacity and physical exercise: a mixed-effects multistudy analysis. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7118. [PMID: 31205826 PMCID: PMC6556370 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A substantial body of work has depicted a positive association between physical exercise and cognition, although the key factors driving that link are still a matter of scientific debate. Here, we aimed to contribute further to that topic by pooling the data from seven studies (N = 361) conducted by our research group to examine whether cardiovascular fitness (VO2), sport type participation (externally-paced (e.g., football or basketball) and self-paced (e.g., triathlon or track and field athletes) vs. sedentary), or both, are crucial factors to explain the association between the regular practice of exercise and vigilance capacity. We controlled for relevant variables such as age and the method of VO2 estimation. The Psychomotor Vigilance Task was used to measure vigilance performance by means of reaction time (RT). The results showed that externally-paced sport practice (e.g., football) resulted in significantly shorter RT compared to self-paced sport (e.g., triathlon) and sedentary condition, depicting larger effects in children and adolescents than in adults. Further analyses revealed no significant effect of cardiovascular fitness and self-paced sport practice, in comparison to the sedentary condition, on RT. Our data point to the relevance of considering the type of sport practice over and above the level of cardiovascular fitness as crucial factor to explain the positive association between the regular practice of exercise and vigilance capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sanabria
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - José C. Perales
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Rafael Ballester
- Faculty of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia “San Vicente Martir”, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis F. Ciria
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Florentino Huertas
- Faculty of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia “San Vicente Martir”, Valencia, Spain
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17
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Padulo J, Bragazzi NL, De Giorgio A, Grgantov Z, Prato S, Ardigò LP. The Effect of Physical Activity on Cognitive Performance in an Italian Elementary School: Insights From a Pilot Study Using Structural Equation Modeling. Front Physiol 2019; 10:202. [PMID: 30890960 PMCID: PMC6412095 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
When compared to the previous generations, younger generations have become sedentary on a global level. Physical activity positively contributes to human growth and development, causing, indeed, both physiological and psychological benefits. The aim of the current study was examining the relationship between physical activity and school achievement in a sample of 80 Italian elementary (viz. primary) school last year responding children (11.0 ± 0.3 years, 1.46 ± 0.09 m, 39.5 ± 7.9 kg). Such an aim was fulfilled by investigating eventual correlations between physical tests results and school marks and by disclosing eventual mutual relationships between socio-demographics, family context, lifestyle (including physical activity), and school performance information using a structural modeling approach. Children were assessed for lower/upper limbs muscle strength and running/agility performance. Pearson's correlation between physical tests and school performance was studied. We found that agility correlated with English, Italian, mathematics, music, and sport marks, whereas jump correlated with English, mathematics, sport, and technologies marks. Sprint correlated with mathematics, sport, and technologies marks. All correlation coefficients were moderate, except for correlations between sport marks and physical tests (strong correlation). From the structural model, we found that socio-demographics and lifestyle significantly impacted on school achievement. In particular, lifestyle was found to fully moderate the impact of the family context on school achievement. Schools and households represent important settings for improving children physical and psychological-cognitive health and status, offering physical activities opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Padulo
- Department of Psychology, eCampus University, Novedrate, Italy
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
- Sport Performance Laboratory, University of Split, Split, Croatia
- Research Laboratory “Sport Performance Optimization”, National Center of Medicine and Sciences in Sport (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
- Postgraduate School of Public Health, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Zoran Grgantov
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | | | - Luca Paolo Ardigò
- School of Exercise and Sport Science, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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18
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Hraste M, De Giorgio A, Jelaska PM, Padulo J, Granić I. When mathematics meets physical activity in the school-aged child: The effect of an integrated motor and cognitive approach to learning geometry. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196024. [PMID: 30089116 PMCID: PMC6082508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mathematics is a science which can lead to both anxiety in children and teaching difficulties in teachers. Together, these two difficulties can increase the time spent in teaching and learning mathematics. The aim of this study is to examine the efficiency of a new integrated mathematics/geometry and physical activity program, specifically structured for increasing learning in fourth-grade pupils. Thirty-six children (age 10.36±0.55) were divided into an experimental (n1 = 19) group and a control (n2 = 17) group. The experimental group of subjects learned mathematics and geometry via the integrated teaching method, while the control group of subjects learned these subjects via traditional teaching methods. We administered two ad hoc tests, before and after the intervention, in order to study its effect. One test was on geometry knowledge and the other on mathematics, in which there were questions about the implemented teaching topics: rectangles, squares and their perimeters. Using a factorial 2×2 ANOVA, the results after four weeks indicated that the group of subjects who gained their mathematics and geometry knowledge through our intervention program were significantly more successful (P<0.05) than the control group. Our results suggest that the integrated teaching method proposed here could be considered a useful and efficient method for teaching mathematics and geometry based on motor tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mladen Hraste
- University of Split, Faculty of Science, Independent Department of Social and Human sciences, Split, Croatia
| | - Andrea De Giorgio
- eCampus University, Faculty of Psychology, Novedrate (CO), Italy
- University of Split, Faculty of Kinesiology, Split, Croatia
| | | | - Johnny Padulo
- eCampus University, Faculty of Psychology, Novedrate (CO), Italy
- University of Split, Faculty of Kinesiology, Split, Croatia
- Tunisian Research Laboratory “Sports Performance Optimization”, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
- * E-mail:
| | - Ivan Granić
- University of Split, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, Department of General Courses, Split, Croatia
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19
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Robazza C, Izzicupo P, D’Amico MA, Ghinassi B, Crippa MC, Di Cecco V, Ruiz MC, Bortoli L, Di Baldassarre A. Psychophysiological responses of junior orienteers under competitive pressure. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196273. [PMID: 29698498 PMCID: PMC5919653 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to examine psychobiosocial states, cognitive functions, endocrine responses (i.e., salivary cortisol and chromogranin A), and performance under competitive pressure in orienteering athletes. The study was grounded in the individual zones of optimal functioning (IZOF) and biopsychosocial models. Fourteen junior orienteering athletes (7 girls and 7 boys), ranging in age from 15 to 20 years (M = 16.93, SD = 1.77) took part in a two-day competitive event. To enhance competitive pressure, emphasis was placed on the importance of the competition and race outcome. Psychophysiological and performance data were collected at several points before, during, and after the races. Results showed that an increase in cortisol levels was associated with competitive pressure and reflected in higher perceived exertion (day 1, r = .32; day 2, r = .46), higher intensity of dysfunctional states (day 1, r = .59; day 2, r = .55), lower intensity of functional states (day 1, r = -.36; day 2, r = -.33), and decay in memory (day 1, r = -.27; day 2, r = -.35), visual attention (day 1, r = -.56; day 2, r = -.35), and attention/mental flexibility (day 1, r = .16; day 2, r = .26) tasks. The second day we observed better performance times, lower intensity of dysfunctional states, lower cortisol levels, improved visual attention and attention/mental flexibility (p < .050). Across the two competition days, chromogranin A levels were higher (p < .050) on the most difficult loops of the race in terms of both physical and psychological demands. Findings suggest emotional, cognitive, psychophysiological, and performance variables to be related and to jointly change across different levels of cognitive and physical load. Overall results are discussed in light of the IZOF and biopsychosocial models. The procedure adopted in the study also supports the feasibility of including additional cognitive load for possible practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Robazza
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Pascal Izzicupo
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Angela D’Amico
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Barbara Ghinassi
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Crippa
- SPAEE, Service of Educational and Learning Psychology, “Sacro Cuore” Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Montse C. Ruiz
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Laura Bortoli
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Angela Di Baldassarre
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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20
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Granero-Gallegos A, Gómez-López M, Rodríguez-Suárez N, Abraldes JA, Alesi M, Bianco A. Importance of the Motivational Climate in Goal, Enjoyment, and the Causes of Success in Handball Players. Front Psychol 2017; 8:2081. [PMID: 29250011 PMCID: PMC5717397 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to examine the effects of the motivational climate created by the coach and perceived by a group of young handball players on their goal orientations, their beliefs regarding reasons for success and their self-satisfaction. The study participants were 159 young handball players. Players were administered a battery composed of tests to measure the above-mentioned motivational constructs. Results showed that a perceived mastery-oriented motivational climate was positively related to a task-centered goal orientation, enjoyment, and a belief that success may be achieved through effort. In contrast, a perceived performance-orientated training climate was linked to an ego-centered goal orientation, boredom, or lack of enthusiasm, and a belief that the routes of success in this sport are the abilities and the use of deception techniques. On the whole, this study underlines the educational role of the coach in young handball players. Specifically, the coach's socializing role influences both handball player's commitment and positive motivational profile as well as sport performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Gómez-López
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Nuria Rodríguez-Suárez
- Department of Science of Physical Activity and Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - J Arturo Abraldes
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marianna Alesi
- Department of Psychological, Pedagogical and Education Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Bianco
- Department of Psychological, Pedagogical and Education Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Effects of the Skills4Genius sports-based training program in creative behavior. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172520. [PMID: 28231260 PMCID: PMC5322953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Team Sports has been suggested as a suitable environment to investigate creative behavior. This study’s purpose was two-fold: first, it intended to identify the effects of the Skills4Genius sports-bases training program in thinking, motor, and in-game creative behavior in team sports. Second, it aimed to investigate the relationship between creative thinking and in-game creativity. Forty children from primary school were allocated into control (n = 18, age: 9.2±0.4) and experimental (n = 22, age: 9.5±0.7) groups. The experimental group participated in a five-month training program involving either creative thinking, diversification, physical literacy, and nonlinear pedagogy approaches (Skills4Genius). Variables in the study included: a) creative thinking; b) motor performance (vertical jump, speed, and agility); c) in-game individual creative behavior (attempts, fluency, and versatility); and d) in-game collective behavior (positional regularity). The results suggested that the Skills4Genius program fostered creative thinking, agility, and speed performance. Moreover, it stretched the in-game individual creative behavior mainly through the improvement of the attempts and versatility of the player’s actions. Lastly, it nurtured a better learning of the tactical principles, whereas the children were more coordinated with their teammates’ and opponents’ positioning. Additionally, this study presents a positive correlation linking creative thinking and in-game creative performance. These findings highlighted that creativity is facilitated while players become more thinking and game-skilled. Coaches and educators may apply this functional environment to inspire children’s disposition to move outside the box and trigger a creative spark in team sports players. Notwithstanding, the sports environment is ideally suited for fostering creative behavior, a higher-order disposition that will go on to differentiate the everyday life of a child.
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Friedrich B, Mason OJ. "What is the score?" A review of football-based public mental health interventions. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC MENTAL HEALTH 2017; 16:144-158. [PMID: 29721035 PMCID: PMC5868541 DOI: 10.1108/jpmh-03-2017-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Football exercise as an intervention for people with severe mental health problems has seen an increasing interest in the past years. To date, there is, however, no comprehensive review of the empirical evidence regarding the effectiveness of these interventions. In this review, the authors have comprised the research findings from the peer-review literature as well as the theoretical approaches to football exercise as an adjunct treatment. This overview will be informative to everybody who is planning to develop a football intervention for this population as well as to the people who are preparing evaluation studies that measure the effectiveness of such interventions. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The authors identified research papers in the peer-review literature that feature empirical findings on “football interventions” that aim at improving mental and/or physical well-being in participants with mental health problems. The authors are using the term “football intervention” here in the sense that the participants actively took part in football exercise, so the authors excluded studies in which the participants only watched football or used football as a metaphor to discuss mental health problems. In a table, the authors indicate the definition of the target group, targeted outcomes, measured outcomes, form and frequency of the intervention as well as the research method(s). Findings The authors identified 16 studies on 15 projects. The majority of studies were qualitative and had positive findings in which the participants reported increased well-being and connectedness, elevation of symptoms and improved physical well-being. The outcomes of the quantitative studies, however, were mixed with some results suggesting that not all intended goals were achieved. There seems to be a need for more quantitative studies to triangulate the qualitative findings. Interestingly, most interventions take place in the UK. Many studies fail to give detailed methodological information and often the aims of the interventions are vague or not stated at all. Research limitations/implications Due to the heterogeneity of the studies and relative scarcity of evaluation projects on football interventions for people with mental health problems, the authors could not conduct an in-depth systematic review. Furthermore, the information on methods was often unsatisfying and despite efforts to get more detailed input from the authors of cited papers, those gaps could not always be filled. Instead of coming up with a crystal-clear summary of whether and how football interventions work for everybody, topics were identified that need to be addressed in the planning of interventions, in evaluation studies, in implementation efforts and in the theoretical discourse. Practical implications This paper constitutes a helpful overview for everybody who is interested in the theoretical background of football interventions for people with mental health problems, for people who are planning to develop respective interventions, for researchers who engage in evaluation projects that look into the effectiveness of football interventions (or similar exercise interventions) as well as for the people who are interested in how football interventions can be implemented. This paper is likely to make a contribution to the advancement of alternative exercise interventions that aim at improving mental, physical and social health in people with mental health problems. Social implications This paper will help putting the topic of football interventions (and similar, alternative exercise interventions) further up on the public health agenda by providing an overview of the empirical evidence at hand and by specifying advantages of the approach as well as pointing out actions that need to be taken to make football a recognised, evidence based and viable option for adjunct mental health treatment that is attractive to potential participants as well as funders as well as to the potential participants. Originality/value There is no comprehensive summary to date that provides a (reasonably) systematic overview of empirical findings for football interventions for people with MH problems. Furthermore, the literature on the theoretical background of these interventions has been somewhat patchy and heterogonous. This paper aims at filling both these gaps and identifies the issues that need to be covered in the planning of respective interventions and evaluations. This paper will be useful to everybody who is developing football interventions (or similar alternative adjunct exercise interventions), who is conducting evaluation research in this area and who is interested in the implementation of football interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Friedrich
- Research Department for Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver John Mason
- Research Department for Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK.,School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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Fong SS, Chung JW, Cheng YT, Yam TT, Chiu HC, Fong DY, Cheung C, Yuen L, Yu EY, Hung YS, Macfarlane DJ, Ng SS. Attention during functional tasks is associated with motor performance in children with developmental coordination disorder: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4935. [PMID: 27631272 PMCID: PMC5402615 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional and exploratory study aimed to compare motor performance and electroencephalographic (EEG) attention levels in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and those with typical development, and determine the relationship between motor performance and the real-time EEG attention level in children with DCD.Eighty-six children with DCD [DCD: n = 57; DCD and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): n = 29] and 99 children with typical development were recruited. Their motor performance was assessed with the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC) and attention during the tasks of the MABC was evaluated by EEG.All children with DCD had higher MABC impairment scores and lower EEG attention scores than their peers (P < 0.05). After accounting for age, sex, body mass index, and physical activity level, the attention index remained significantly associated with the MABC total impairment score and explained 14.1% of the variance in children who had DCD but not ADHD (P = 0.009) and 17.5% of the variance in children with both DCD and ADHD (P = 0.007). Children with DCD had poorer motor performance and were less attentive to movements than their peers. Their poor motor performance may be explained by inattention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley S.M. Fong
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- Correspondence: Shirley S.M. Fong, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong (e-mail: )
| | - Joanne W.Y. Chung
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - Yoyo T.Y. Cheng
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Timothy T.T. Yam
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Hsiu-Ching Chiu
- Department of Physical Therapy, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Daniel Y.T. Fong
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - C.Y. Cheung
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Lily Yuen
- Heep Hong Society, Ngau Tau Kok, Hong Kong
| | - Esther Y.T. Yu
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Yeung Sam Hung
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Duncan J. Macfarlane
- Centre for Sports and Exercise, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Shamay S.M. Ng
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
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24
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Lange-Küttner C, Bosco G. On Being in the Wrong Place: The Role of Children's Conceptual Understanding and Ballgame Experience when Judging a Football Player's Offside Position. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE 2016; 10:73-84. [PMID: 27713857 PMCID: PMC5044779 DOI: 10.3233/dev-160185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the role of children's conceptual understanding and ballgame experience when judging whether a football player is in an offside position, or not. In the offside position, a player takes advantage of being behind the defence line of the opposing team and just waits for the ball to arrive in order to score a goal. We explained the offside rule to 7- and 9-year-old children with a Subbuteo setup. They produced drawings of an offside position until it was correct (drawing to criterion). Thereafter, children judged whether a designated player was in an offside position in a computerized task. Like adults, also children found it easier to judge when a player was in a wrong rather than a right place. Only when including frequency of ballgame practice in the analysis it was revealed that boys were better independently of age as they judged the offside position more systematically.
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25
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Alesi M, Bianco A, Luppina G, Palma A, Pepi A. Improving Children's Coordinative Skills and Executive Functions: The Effects of a Football Exercise Program. Percept Mot Skills 2016; 122:27-46. [PMID: 27420304 DOI: 10.1177/0031512515627527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have focused on the positive influence of regular physical activity on executive functioning in children. Coordinative skills (agility) and executive functions (updating, attention, inhibition and planning processes) were investigated in children before and after 6 months of a Football Exercise Program compared to a control group of sedentary peers. The participants were 44 children aged 8.8 years: Group 1 comprised 24 children in a football (i.e., soccer) exercise program and Group 2 comprised 20 sedentary children. At pre-test and post-test, coordinative skills and executive functions were measured. After the Football Exercise Program, there were significant differences between sport and sedentary groups in coordinative skills and executive functions. The football group at post-test showed significantly larger gains than the sedentary group on measures of agility, visuo-spatial working memory, attention, planning and inhibition. Findings shed light on the issue to plan structured sport activities as a natural and enjoyable way to improve cognitive skills.
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