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Vaskinn A, Rokicki J, Bell C, Tesli N, Bang N, Hjell G, Fischer-Vieler T, Haukvik UK, Friestad C. Violent Offending in Males With or Without Schizophrenia: A Role for Social Cognition? Schizophr Bull 2024; 50:663-672. [PMID: 37861424 PMCID: PMC11059786 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Reduced social cognition has been reported in individuals who have committed interpersonal violence. It is unclear if individuals with schizophrenia and a history of violence have larger impairments than violent individuals without psychosis and non-violent individuals with schizophrenia. We examined social cognition in two groups with violent offenses, comparing their performance to non-violent individuals with schizophrenia and healthy controls. STUDY DESIGN Two social cognitive domains were assessed in four groups: men with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder with (SSD-V, n = 27) or without (SSD-NV, n = 42) a history of violence, incarcerated men serving preventive detention sentences (V, n = 22), and healthy male controls (HC, n = 76). Theory of mind (ToM) was measured with the Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC), body emotion perception with Emotion in Biological Motion (EmoBio) test. STUDY RESULTS Kruskal-Wallis H-tests revealed overall group differences for social cognition. SSD-V had a global and clinically significant social cognitive impairment. V had a specific impairment, for ToM. Binary logistic regressions predicting violence category membership from social cognition and psychosis (SSD status) were conducted. The model with best fit, explaining 18%-25% of the variance, had ToM as the only predictor. CONCLUSIONS Social cognitive impairment was present in individuals with a history of violence, with larger and more widespread impairment seen in schizophrenia. ToM predicted violence category membership, psychosis did not. The results suggest a role for social cognition in understanding interpersonal violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Vaskinn
- Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jaroslav Rokicki
- Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Psychosis Research Section, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christina Bell
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Acute Psychiatry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Natalia Tesli
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Psychosis Research Section, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nina Bang
- Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gabriela Hjell
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry, Østfold Hospital, Grålum, Norway
- Department of Clinical Research, Østfold Hospital, Grålum, Norway
| | - Thomas Fischer-Vieler
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
| | - Unn K Haukvik
- Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christine Friestad
- Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- University College of Norwegian Correctional Services, Lillestrøm, Norway
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Vaskinn A, Ueland T, Melle I, Sundet K. Sex differences in social cognition among individuals with schizophrenia and in healthy control participants: a secondary analysis of published data. Arch Womens Ment Health 2024:10.1007/s00737-024-01422-8. [PMID: 38244033 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-024-01422-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sex differences are present among individuals experiencing schizophrenia. Whether these differences extend to social cognition is unclear. In this study, we investigated sex differences in emotion perception, social perception and theory of mind (ToM). METHODS We examined sex differences between males and females with schizophrenia on five social cognitive tests. Healthy male and female control participants were included to examine if any sex difference was illness-specific. Emotion perception was measured with Pictures of Facial Affect (PFA) and Emotion in Biological Motion (EmoBio); social perception with the Relationships Across Domains Test (RAD); and ToM with the Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC) and Hinting Task. RESULTS Two-way analyses of variance revealed overall group differences for all tests, with healthy controls outperforming individuals with schizophrenia. Significant sex effects were present for PFA and Hinting Task. There were no significant interaction effects. Within-group independent samples t-tests yielded one significant sex difference, i.e., among healthy controls for PFA. CONCLUSIONS Females had better facial emotion perception than males. This sex difference was statistically significant among healthy controls and medium-large among individuals experiencing schizophrenia. There were no significant sex differences for other social cognitive domains. The study did not find evidence for a general female advantage in social cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Vaskinn
- Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Oslo University Hospital, PO Box 4956, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Torill Ueland
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Psychosis Research Section, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Melle
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Psychosis Research Section, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Sundet
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Vaskinn A, Engelstad KN, Zamparini M, de Girolamo G, Torgalsbøen AK, Rund BR. The "zipper model of empathy" applied to violence in schizophrenia: A search for social cognitive underpinnings of lack of empathic behavior. Compr Psychiatry 2023; 124:152391. [PMID: 37156206 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2023.152391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The "zipper model of empathy" has been proposed for psychopathy. It postulates that empathic behavior may fail to arise due to impaired facial emotion recognition. In this study, we examined if the model may be of relevance for schizophrenia. METHODS In a sample of participants with schizophrenia and a history of severe interpersonal violence, associations between measures of social cognition (emotion recognition, theory of mind) and aspects of psychopathy (lack of empathy, lack of remorse) were investigated. A non-violent sample experiencing schizophrenia served as a control group. RESULTS Correlation analyses revealed a specific and statistically significant association between facial emotion recognition and lack of empathy in the violent sample. Follow-up analyses identified that neutral emotions were of particular importance. Logistic regression analyses confirmed that impairments in facial emotion recognition predicted levels of empathy in the violent sample experiencing schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the "zipper model of empathy" may be relevant for schizophrenia. The findings further point to the potential benefit of including social cognitive training in the treatment of persons with schizophrenia and a history of interpersonal aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Vaskinn
- Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | | | - Manuel Zamparini
- Unit of Epidemiological and Evaluation Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanni de Girolamo
- Unit of Epidemiological and Evaluation Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Bjørn Rishovd Rund
- Research Department, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Högman L, Gavalova G, Laukka P, Kristiansson M, Källman MV, Fischer H, Johansson AGM. Cognition, prior aggression, and psychopathic traits in relation to impaired multimodal emotion recognition in psychotic spectrum disorders. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1111896. [PMID: 37426085 PMCID: PMC10323411 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1111896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Psychopathic traits have been associated with impaired emotion recognition in criminal, clinical and community samples. A recent study however, suggested that cognitive impairment reduced the relationship between psychopathy and emotion recognition. We therefore investigated if reasoning ability and psychomotor speed were impacting emotion recognition in individuals with psychotic spectrum disorders (PSD) with and without a history of aggression, as well as in healthy individuals, more than self-rated psychopathy ratings on the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure (TriPM). Methods Eighty individuals with PSD (schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, delusional disorder, other psychoses, psychotic bipolar disorder) and documented history of aggression (PSD+Agg) were compared with 54 individuals with PSD without prior aggression (PSD-Agg) and with 86 healthy individuals on the Emotion Recognition Assessment in Multiple Modalities (ERAM test). Individuals were psychiatrically stable and in remission from possible substance use disorders. Scaled scores on matrix reasoning, averages of dominant hand psychomotor speed and self-rated TriPM scores were obtained. Results Associations existed between low reasoning ability, low psychomotor speed, patient status and prior aggression with total accuracy on the ERAM test. PSD groups performed worse than the healthy group. Whole group correlations between total and subscale scores of TriPM to ERAM were found, but no associations with TriPM scores within each group or in general linear models when accounting for reasoning ability, psychomotor speed, understanding of emotion words and prior aggression. Conclusion Self-rated psychopathy was not independently linked to emotion recognition in PSD groups when considering prior aggression, patient status, reasoning ability, psychomotor speed and emotion word understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Högman
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gabriela Gavalova
- Aleris Psychiatry, Täby Psychotic Disorders Clinic, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petri Laukka
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marianne Kristiansson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm, Sweden
- Swedish National Board of Forensic Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malin V. Källman
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hakan Fischer
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anette G. M. Johansson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm, Sweden
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Romagnano V, Sokolov AN, Steinwand P, Fallgatter AJ, Pavlova MA. Face pareidolia in male schizophrenia. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 8:112. [PMID: 36517504 PMCID: PMC9751144 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-022-00315-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Faces are valuable signals for efficient social interaction. Yet, social cognition including the sensitivity to a coarse face scheme may be deviant in schizophrenia (SZ). Tuning to faces in non-face images such as shadows, grilled toasts, or ink blots is termed face pareidolia. This phenomenon is poorly investigated in SZ. Here face tuning was assessed in 44 male participants with SZ and person-by-person matched controls by using recently created Face-n-Thing images (photographs of non-face objects to a varying degree resembling a face). The advantage of these images is that single components do not automatically trigger face processing. Participants were administered a set of images with upright and inverted (180° in the image plane) orientation. In a two-alternative forced-choice paradigm, they had to indicate whether an image resembled a face. The findings showed that: (i) With upright orientation, SZ patients exhibited deficits in face tuning: they provided much fewer face responses than controls. (ii) Inversion generally hindered face pareidolia. However, while in neurotypical males, inversion led to a drastic drop in face impression, in SZ, the impact of orientation was reduced. (iii) Finally, in accord with the signal detection theory analysis, the sensitivity index (d-prime) was lower in SZ, whereas no difference occurred in decision criterion. The outcome suggests altered face pareidolia in SZ is caused by lower face sensitivity rather than by alterations in cognitive bias. Comparison of these findings with earlier evidence confirms that tuning to social signals is lower in SZ, and warrants tailored brain imaging research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Romagnano
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, and Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexander N Sokolov
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, and Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Steinwand
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, and Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas J Fallgatter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, and Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marina A Pavlova
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, and Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Tübingen, Germany.
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Vaskinn A, Sundet K, Haatveit B. Social cognitive heterogeneity in schizophrenia: A cluster analysis. Schizophr Res Cogn 2022; 30:100264. [PMID: 35832256 PMCID: PMC9272020 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2022.100264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined social cognitive heterogeneity in Norwegian sample of individuals with schizophrenia (n = 82). They were assessed with three social cognitive tests: Emotion in Biological Motion (emotion processing), Relationships Across Domains (social perception), and Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition (theory of mind). Hierarchical and k-means cluster analyses using standardized scores on these three tests provided two clusters. The first cluster (68 %) had mild social cognitive impairments (<0.5 standard deviations below healthy comparison participants). The second cluster (32 %) had severe social cognitive impairments (>2 standard deviations below healthy comparison participants). Validity of the two social cognitive subgroups was indicated by significant differences in functioning, symptom load and nonsocial cognition. Our study shows that social cognitive tests can be used for clinical and cognitive subtyping. This is of potential relevance for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Vaskinn
- Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
- Corresponding author at: Oslo University Hospital, Division Mental Health and Addiction, Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, PO Box 4956 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kjetil Sundet
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Beathe Haatveit
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
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Datta R, Vishwanath R, Shenoy S. Are remote psychotherapy/remediation efforts accessible and feasible in patients with schizophrenia? A narrative review. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2022; 58:136. [PMID: 36415756 PMCID: PMC9673189 DOI: 10.1186/s41983-022-00574-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cognitive remediation (CR) therapy provides an effective way to improve cognitive impairments in schizophrenia. With the advent of telehealth services, especially during COVID 19 pandemic, a suitable alternative can be found in computer and cell phone-based mental health interventions. Previous studies have proven that remote mental health interventions have by and large been successful. Remote psychotherapy/CR services can now be accessed through smartphone apps, iPads, laptops and wearable devices. This has the advantage of reaching a wider population in resource-limited settings. The lack of access to technology, difficulty in using these online interventions and lack of privacy provide impediments to the delivery of care through these online platforms. Further, as some previous studies have shown, there may be a high rate of dropout in people using remote mental health resources. We aim to look at the factors, which influence the accessibility of remote mental health interventions in schizophrenia. Additionally, we test the feasibility of these interventions and look at how they compare and the potential they hold for implementation in future clinical settings. Results We found remote cognitive remediation to be both accessible and feasible. Concerning features, however, are the high attrition rates and the concentration of the studies in Western populations. Conclusions Remote interventions are a viable alternative to in-person psychotherapy when in-person resources may not always be present. They are efficacious in improving health outcomes among patients with schizophrenia. Further research into the widespread implementation of remote CR will be beneficial in informing clinical decision-making.
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Pavlova MA, Romagnano V, Kubon J, Isernia S, Fallgatter AJ, Sokolov AN. Ties between reading faces, bodies, eyes, and autistic traits. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:997263. [PMID: 36248653 PMCID: PMC9554539 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.997263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
While reading covered with masks faces during the COVID-19 pandemic, for efficient social interaction, we need to combine information from different sources such as the eyes (without faces hidden by masks) and bodies. This may be challenging for individuals with neuropsychiatric conditions, in particular, autism spectrum disorders. Here we examined whether reading of dynamic faces, bodies, and eyes are tied in a gender-specific way, and how these capabilities are related to autistic traits expression. Females and males accomplished a task with point-light faces along with a task with point-light body locomotion portraying different emotional expressions. They had to infer emotional content of displays. In addition, participants were administered the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test, modified and Autism Spectrum Quotient questionnaire. The findings show that only in females, inferring emotions from dynamic bodies and faces are firmly linked, whereas in males, reading in the eyes is knotted with face reading. Strikingly, in neurotypical males only, accuracy of face, body, and eyes reading was negatively tied with autistic traits. The outcome points to gender-specific modes in social cognition: females rely upon merely dynamic cues while reading faces and bodies, whereas males most likely trust configural information. The findings are of value for examination of face and body language reading in neuropsychiatric conditions, in particular, autism, most of which are gender/sex-specific. This work suggests that if male individuals with autistic traits experience difficulties in reading covered with masks faces, these deficits may be unlikely compensated by reading (even dynamic) bodies and faces. By contrast, in females, reading covered faces as well as reading language of dynamic bodies and faces are not compulsorily connected to autistic traits preventing them from paying high costs for maladaptive social interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A. Pavlova
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Marina A. Pavlova,
| | - Valentina Romagnano
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julian Kubon
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sara Isernia
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan, Italy
| | - Andreas J. Fallgatter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexander N. Sokolov
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Zakowicz P, Skibińska M, Pawlak J. Disembodied Language in Early-Onset Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:888844. [PMID: 35865304 PMCID: PMC9294146 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.888844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent view on schizophrenia phenomenology underlines the impaired relations between the mind and the body. An aberrant feeling of ipseity may be the real source of suffering of the patients from psychosis and impacts general symptomatology. The disturbed connection between thinking processes and environmental stimuli may lead to language disembodiment. In the study, we aimed to experimentally test the presence of disembodied language and investigate its association with symptoms of psychosis in adolescents diagnosed with early-onset schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Assessment of language embodiment was conducted using the Zabór Verbal Task (ZVT) with concurrent linguistic and clinical assessment using the Thought, Language, and Communication Scale (TLCS) and Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS). The study group of patients (n = 31) aged 11-18 years, with the diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) criteria, was compared with a sex- and age-matched healthy control sample (n = 31). Patients with psychosis made more errors in ZVT than healthy controls (p = 0.01) and this parameter did not improve after 6-8 weeks of standard treatment (p = 0.55). A higher number of errors in ZVT were associated with the presence of auditory hallucinations (odds ratio [OR] 1.14; 95% CI 1.02-1.26). ZVT errors coincided with perception disorders, alternatively to the TLCS scores where we observed association with abnormal beliefs. The results of these preliminary studies indicate the value of the phenomenological approach in the diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum and suggest a potential involvement of language disembodiment in symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Zakowicz
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Center for Child and Adolescent Treatment in Zabór, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Maria Skibińska
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Pawlak
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Vaskinn A, Engelstad KN, Torgalsbøen AK, Rund BR. Childhood trauma, social cognition and schizophrenia: Specific association between physical neglect and cognitive theory of mind in homicide offenders. Psychiatry Res 2021; 303:114093. [PMID: 34247060 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with a small, but increased risk of violent behavior, including homicide. Violent individuals with schizophrenia have elevated rates of childhood trauma and substantial social cognitive impairments. The aim of this study was to examine if childhood trauma is related to social cognition in homicide offenders with schizophrenia. We recruited 26 individuals with schizophrenia sentenced to compulsory mental care for homicide/attempted homicide and 28 non-violent schizophrenia controls. They filled out the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), providing scores for physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, physical neglect and emotional neglect. Social cognition was assessed with two measures of emotion processing (Emotion in Biological Motion, Pictures of Facial Affect) and two theory of mind (ToM) tests (Hinting Task, Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition: MASC). Spearman's rho correlation coefficients were computed, and significant results followed up with partial correlation analyses controlling for IQ. Three associations were statistically significant, all in the homicide group; between CTQ physical neglect and cognitive ToM assessed with Hinting Task and with MASC, and between CTQ emotional neglect and Hinting Task. Only the first remained significant after controlling for IQ, indicating a specific association between physical neglect and cognitive ToM in homicide offenders with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Vaskinn
- Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | | | | | - Bjørn Rishovd Rund
- Research Department, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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11
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Vaskinn A, Sundet K, Melle I, Andreassen OA, Friis S. The factor structure of social cognition in schizophrenia: Weak evidence for separable domains. SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH-COGNITION 2021; 26:100208. [PMID: 34430229 PMCID: PMC8369474 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2021.100208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the factor structure of social cognition in a Norwegian sample of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia (n = 83). Eight variables from three social cognitive tests from three theoretical domains were included: emotion processing, social perception and theory of mind. Factor analysis with maximum likelihood extraction and oblique rotation resulted in two factors using Kaiser's criterion. Although the two-factor model had better fit than a unifactorial model, it did not represent the data well. Two social cognitive variables did not load on either factor. The two extracted factors did not correspond to an expected distinction between low and high level of processing or between affective and cognitive processes. A non-negligible number of nonredundant residuals between observed and computed correlations suggested poor model fit. In conclusion, this study failed to identify separable dimensions of social cognition in spite of including measures from different theoretical domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Vaskinn
- Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Corresponding author at: Oslo University Hospital, Division Mental Health and Addiction, Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, PO Box 4956 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kjetil Sundet
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Melle
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Psychosis Research Section, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Psychosis Research Section, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Svein Friis
- Department of Research and Innovation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Zhou Z, Wang K, Tang J, Wei D, Song L, Peng Y, Fu Y, Qiu J. Cortical thickness distinguishes between major depression and schizophrenia in adolescents. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:361. [PMID: 34284747 PMCID: PMC8293570 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03373-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early diagnosis of adolescent psychiatric disorder is crucial for early intervention. However, there is extensive comorbidity between affective and psychotic disorders, which increases the difficulty of precise diagnoses among adolescents. METHODS We obtained structural magnetic resonance imaging scans from 150 adolescents, including 67 and 47 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia (SCZ), as well as 34 healthy controls (HC) to explore whether psychiatric disorders could be identified using a machine learning technique. Specifically, we used the support vector machine and the leave-one-out cross-validation method to distinguish among adolescents with MDD and SCZ and healthy controls. RESULTS We found that cortical thickness was a classification feature of a) MDD and HC with 79.21% accuracy where the temporal pole had the highest weight; b) SCZ and HC with 69.88% accuracy where the left superior temporal sulcus had the highest weight. Notably, adolescents with MDD and SCZ could be classified with 62.93% accuracy where the right pars triangularis had the highest weight. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that cortical thickness may be a critical biological feature in the diagnosis of adolescent psychiatric disorders. These findings might be helpful to establish an early prediction model for adolescents to better diagnose psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyi Zhou
- grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XKey Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715 China ,grid.263906.8Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Kangcheng Wang
- grid.410585.d0000 0001 0495 1805Faculty of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014 Shandong China
| | - Jinxiang Tang
- grid.452206.7Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016 China ,Sleep and Psychology Center, The Bishan Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, 402760 China
| | - Dongtao Wei
- grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XKey Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715 China ,grid.263906.8Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Li Song
- grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XKey Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715 China ,grid.263906.8Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Yadong Peng
- grid.452206.7Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016 China ,Department of Psychology, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, 401147 China
| | - Yixiao Fu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China. .,Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment Toward Basic Education Quality, Southwest University Branch, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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13
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Beck KI, Simonsen A, Wang H, Yang L, Zhou Y, Bliksted V. Cross-cultural comparison of theory of mind deficits in patients with schizophrenia from China and Denmark: different aspects of ToM show different results. Nord J Psychiatry 2020; 74:366-373. [PMID: 32039642 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2020.1723687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Theory of mind (ToM) has been established as one of the most investigated and pronounced social cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Yet, knowledge on whether measures of ToM can be used and compared across cultures is sparse. In this study, we used two simple, non-verbal ToM tests in patients with schizophrenia and non-clinical controls from China and Denmark to investigate whether culture has an impact on ToM performance.Methods: Sixty-six patients with schizophrenia (35 Chinese) and 67 matched non-clinical controls (38 Chinese) from China and Denmark were tested with Brünés Picture Sequencing Task and Animated Triangles Task. We compared three models for each outcome variable in order to investigate which model best fitted the data: the first model included group (controls, patients) as a predictor variable, the second included group and nationality (Chinese, Danish), and the third included both predictors and their interaction.Results: On most ToM subtests, culture seemed to play a role. Only performance on Brüne's 1st order ToM were best described as similar in both countries. The second model had the best fit for most of the subtests indicating that the difference between patients and controls in China and Denmark, respectively, is similar.Conclusions: Caution to cultural differences should be taken when comparing ToM in Asian and Western patients with schizophrenia as well as healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Ingeman Beck
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Skejby, Denmark.,Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Skejby, Denmark
| | - Arndis Simonsen
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Skejby, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Interacting Minds Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Huiling Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Vibeke Bliksted
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Skejby, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Interacting Minds Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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14
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Okruszek Ł, Chrustowicz M. Social Perception and Interaction Database-A Novel Tool to Study Social Cognitive Processes With Point-Light Displays. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:123. [PMID: 32218745 PMCID: PMC7078367 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The ability to detect and interpret social interactions (SI) is one of the crucial skills enabling people to operate in the social world. Multiple lines of evidence converge to indicate the preferential processing of SI when compared to the individual actions of multiple agents, even if the actions were visually degraded to minimalistic point-light displays (PLDs). Here, we present a novel PLD dataset (Social Perception and Interaction Database; SoPID) that may be used for studying multiple levels of social information processing. Methods: During a motion-capture session, two pairs of actors were asked to perform a wide range of 3-second actions, including: (1) neutral, gesture-based communicative interactions (COM); (2) emotional exchanges (Happy/Angry); (3) synchronous interactive physical activity of actors (SYNC); and (4) independent actions of agents, either object-related (ORA) or non-object related (NORA). An interface that allows single/dyadic PLD stimuli to be presented from either the second person (action aimed toward the viewer) or third person (observation of actions presented toward other agents) perspective was implemented on the basis on the recorded actions. Two validation studies (each with 20 healthy individuals) were then performed to establish the recognizability of the SoPID vignettes. Results: The first study showed a ceiling level accuracy for discrimination of communicative vs. individual actions (93% ± 5%) and high accuracy for interpreting specific types of actions (85 ± 4%) from the SoPID. In the second study, a robust effect of scrambling on the recognizability of SoPID stimuli was observed in an independent sample of healthy individuals. Discussion: These results suggest that the SoPID may be effectively used to examine processes associated with communicative interactions and intentions processing. The database can be accessed via the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/dcht8/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Okruszek
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Hajdúk M, Klein HS, Bass EL, Springfield CR, Pinkham AE. Implicit and explicit processing of bodily emotions in schizophrenia. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2020; 25:139-153. [PMID: 31870213 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2019.1706465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Disturbed emotion processing is well documented in schizophrenia, but the majority of studies evaluate processing of emotion only from facial expressions. Social cues are also communicated via body posture, and they are similarly relevant for successful social interactions. The aim of the current study was to thoroughly examine body perception abilities in individuals with schizophrenia. METHODS Fifty-nine patients with schizophrenia and 37 healthy controls completed two tasks of body processing. The first, which was based on the Affect Misattribution Procedure, evaluated implicit processing of bodily emotions, and the second utilised a traditional emotion identification paradigm to assess explicit emotion recognition. RESULTS Results revealed aberrant implicit processing, but more normative explicit processing, in individuals with schizophrenia. Moderate associations were found between processing of bodies and symptoms of paranoia. Performance on the tasks was not related to cognitive functioning but was associated with clinician-rated social functioning. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results provide information about disturbed processing of bodily emotions in schizophrenia and suggest that these disturbances are associated with the severity of positive symptoms and predict difficulties in everyday social activities and interpersonal relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Hajdúk
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Comenius University Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Clinic of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Center for Psychiatric Disorders Research - UK, Science Park, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Hans S Klein
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Emily L Bass
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Cassi R Springfield
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Amy E Pinkham
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX, USA
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16
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Isernia S, Sokolov AN, Fallgatter AJ, Pavlova MA. Untangling the Ties Between Social Cognition and Body Motion: Gender Impact. Front Psychol 2020; 11:128. [PMID: 32116932 PMCID: PMC7016199 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We proved the viability of the general hypothesis that biological motion (BM) processing serves as a hallmark of social cognition. We assumed that BM processing and inferring emotions through BM (body language reading) are firmly linked and examined whether this tie is gender-specific. Healthy females and males completed two tasks with the same set of point-light BM displays portraying angry and neutral locomotion of female and male actors. For one task, perceivers had to indicate actor gender, while for the other, they had to infer the emotional content of locomotion. Thus, with identical visual input, we directed task demands either to BM processing or inferring of emotion. This design allows straight comparison between sensitivity to BM and recognition of emotions conveyed by the same BM. In addition, perceivers were administered a set of photographs from the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET), with which they identified either emotional state or actor gender. Although there were no gender differences in performance on BM tasks, a tight link occurred between recognition accuracy of emotions and gender through BM in males. In females only, body language reading (both accuracy and response time) was associated with performance on the RMET. The outcome underscores gender-specific modes in visual social cognition and triggers investigation of body language reading in a wide range of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Isernia
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
- CADITeR, IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alexander N. Sokolov
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas J. Fallgatter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marina A. Pavlova
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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17
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Egeland J. Response: Commentary: Emotion Perception in Members of Norwegian Mensa. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2337. [PMID: 31681121 PMCID: PMC6811646 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Egeland
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Sykehuset i Vestfold, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Jens Egeland
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18
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Hauger LE, Sagoe D, Vaskinn A, Arnevik EA, Leknes S, Jørstad ML, Bjørnebekk A. Anabolic androgenic steroid dependence is associated with impaired emotion recognition. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:2667-2676. [PMID: 30941469 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05239-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Illicit use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) has grown into a serious public health concern throughout the Western World. AAS use is associated with adverse medical, psychological, and social consequences. Around 30% of AAS users develop a dependence syndrome with sustained use despite adverse side effects. AAS dependence is associated with a high frequency of intra- and interpersonal problems, and it is central to identify factors related to the development and maintenance of dependence. METHODS The present study investigated the ability to recognize emotion from biological motion. The emotional biological motion task was administered to male AAS dependent users (AAS dependents; n = 45), AAS non-dependent users (AAS non-dependents; n = 38) and a comparison-group of non-using weightlifters (non-users; n = 69). RESULTS Multivariate analysis of variance showed a general impairment in emotion recognition in AAS dependents, compared to the non-using weightlifters, whereas no significant impairment was observed in AAS non-dependents. Furthermore, AAS dependents showed impaired recognition of fearful stimuli compared to both AAS non-dependents and non-using weightlifters. The between-group effect remained significant after controlling for Intelligence Quotient (IQ), past 6 months of non-AAS drug use, antisocial personality problems, anxiety, and depression. CONCLUSION AAS dependents show impaired emotion recognition from body movement, fear in particular, which could potentially contribute to higher frequency of interpersonal problems and antisocial behaviors in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa E Hauger
- The Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Research Group, National Advisory Unit on Substance Use Disorder Treatment, the Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Postbox 4959, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Dominic Sagoe
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anja Vaskinn
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen A Arnevik
- The Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Research Group, National Advisory Unit on Substance Use Disorder Treatment, the Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Postbox 4959, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siri Leknes
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marie L Jørstad
- The Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Research Group, National Advisory Unit on Substance Use Disorder Treatment, the Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Postbox 4959, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Astrid Bjørnebekk
- The Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Research Group, National Advisory Unit on Substance Use Disorder Treatment, the Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Postbox 4959, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
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19
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Vaskinn A. Commentary: Emotion Perception in Members of Norwegian Mensa. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1164. [PMID: 31178791 PMCID: PMC6538762 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Vaskinn
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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20
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Egeland J. Emotion Perception in Members of Norwegian Mensa. Front Psychol 2019; 10:27. [PMID: 30728794 PMCID: PMC6351459 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Are people with superior intelligence also superior in interpreting the emotions of others? Some studies find that an underlying g-factor links all mental processes leading to an expectation of a positive answer to the question, while other studies find that there is a cost to giftedness. No previous study have tested social cognition among highly gifted, or the Mensa society specifically. The study measures emotion recognition in 63 members of the Norwegian Mensa and 101 community controls. The Mensa group had a higher total score on the EmoBio test and was specifically better at differentiating the anger emotion, otherwise hypothesized to be mediated by subcortical processes. There was no difference in heterogeneity between the groups, contrary to the expectation of an autistic subgroup in Mensa. The study indicate that the positive manifold extends also to social cognition, and runs counter to the concept of a cost to giftedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Egeland
- Vestfold Hospital Trust, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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21
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Engelstad KN, Rund BR, Torgalsbøen AK, Lau B, Ueland T, Vaskinn A. Large social cognitive impairments characterize homicide offenders with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2019; 272:209-215. [PMID: 30590274 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with an increased violence risk, particularly homicide. One possible, but scarcely explored, contributor to the increased violence risk is social cognitive impairment. Individuals with schizophrenia show impairments in social cognition that are associated with poor functional outcome. This study examined social cognition among homicide offenders with schizophrenia (HOS), applying validated measures of emotion perception and theory of mind (ToM). Two groups of individuals with schizophrenia were compared, one had committed homicide (HOS, n = 26), and the other had no violence history (non-HOS, n = 28). Healthy controls (HC, n = 71) were included as reference group for one measure. Emotion perception was indexed by the Emotion in Biological Motion (Emotion) and Pictures of Facial Affect (PFA) tests. ToM was assessed with the Hinting Task and Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC). The results showed that HOS participants had significantly poorer performance than non-HOS in both emotion perception and ToM. For the MASC test, HOS participants showed large deficits compared to HC (-4 standard deviations). Particularly, HOS participants made a substantial number of undermentalizing errors. The results suggest that emotion perception deficits and a tendency to undermentalize may be important for understanding homicide in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bjørn Rishovd Rund
- Research Department, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Bjørn Lau
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Research, Lovisenberg Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torill Ueland
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; NORMENT KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anja Vaskinn
- NORMENT KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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22
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Egeland J, Holmen TL, Bang-Kittilsen G, Bigseth TT, Vaskinn A, Engh JA. Body language reading of emotion and outcome in schizophrenia. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2019; 24:54-64. [PMID: 30654697 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2019.1568234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although considered a promising design for testing social cognition, it is not clear to what extent the EmoBio test of emotion recognition actually predicts community functioning. It is also not clear whether the test measures something unique or different from nonsocial cognition. The present study tests whether EmoBio accounts for GAF function score and two operationalised community outcome measures. The study also analyses cognitive predictors of EmoBio performance, testing whether stimulus modality affects prediction. METHODS Eighty-three patients with schizophrenia were tested with EmoBio, the cognitive battery MCCB and WAIS-IV. RESULTS EmoBio accounted for a significant portion of variance in all three outcome measures. Only EmoBio predicted Lifetime Relationship status, and EmoBio remained a significant predictor of Independent living beyond non-social cognition. All cognitive measures contributed significantly to the variance in EmoBio, but entered together explained only a third of total variance. CONCLUSION The study shows that emotion recognition accounts for community outcome. There was no clear effect of test-modality in predicting EmoBio performance, indicating no method invariance problem with EmoBio. It also indicates that the mechanisms underlying impaired social cognition in schizophrenia are different from the hypothesised non-verbal learning deficits in the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Egeland
- a Division of Mental Health & Addiction , Vestfold Hospital Trust , Tønsberg , Norway.,b Department of Psychology , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Tom Langerud Holmen
- a Division of Mental Health & Addiction , Vestfold Hospital Trust , Tønsberg , Norway
| | - Gry Bang-Kittilsen
- a Division of Mental Health & Addiction , Vestfold Hospital Trust , Tønsberg , Norway
| | | | - Anja Vaskinn
- c NORMENT KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway.,d Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - John Abel Engh
- a Division of Mental Health & Addiction , Vestfold Hospital Trust , Tønsberg , Norway
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23
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Structural and effective brain connectivity underlying biological motion detection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E12034-E12042. [PMID: 30514816 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1812859115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The perception of actions underwrites a wide range of socio-cognitive functions. Previous neuroimaging and lesion studies identified several components of the brain network for visual biological motion (BM) processing, but interactions among these components and their relationship to behavior remain little understood. Here, using a recently developed integrative analysis of structural and effective connectivity derived from high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we assess the cerebro-cerebellar network for processing of camouflaged point-light BM. Dynamic causal modeling (DCM) informed by probabilistic tractography indicates that the right superior temporal sulcus (STS) serves as an integrator within the temporal module. However, the STS does not appear to be a "gatekeeper" in the functional integration of the occipito-temporal and frontal regions: The fusiform gyrus (FFG) and middle temporal cortex (MTC) are also connected to the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and insula, indicating multiple parallel pathways. BM-specific loops of effective connectivity are seen between the left lateral cerebellar lobule Crus I and right STS, as well as between the left Crus I and right insula. The prevalence of a structural pathway between the FFG and STS is associated with better BM detection. Moreover, a canonical variate analysis shows that the visual sensitivity to BM is best predicted by BM-specific effective connectivity from the FFG to STS and from the IFG, insula, and STS to the early visual cortex. Overall, the study characterizes the architecture of the cerebro-cerebellar network for BM processing and offers prospects for assessing the social brain.
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24
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Jimenez AM, Lee J, Reavis EA, Wynn JK, Green MF. Aberrant patterns of neural activity when perceiving emotion from biological motion in schizophrenia. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 20:380-387. [PMID: 30128276 PMCID: PMC6095949 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Social perceptual deficits in schizophrenia are well established. Recent work suggests that the ability to extract social information from bodily cues is reduced in patients. However, little is known about the neurobiological mechanisms underlying this deficit. In the current study, 20 schizophrenia patients and 16 controls completed two tasks using point-light animations during fMRI: a basic biological motion task and an emotion in biological motion task. The basic biological motion task was used to localize activity in posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), a critical region for biological motion perception. During the emotion in biological motion task, participants viewed brief videos depicting happiness, fear, anger, or neutral emotions and were asked to decide which emotion was portrayed. Activity in pSTS and amygdala was interrogated during this task. Results indicated that patients showed overall reduced activation compared to controls in pSTS and at a trend level in amygdala across emotions, despite similar task performance. Further, a functional connectivity analysis revealed that controls, but not patients, showed significant positive connectivity between pSTS and left frontal regions as well as bilateral angular gyrus during the emotion in biological motion task. These findings indicate that schizophrenia patients show aberrant neural activity and functional connectivity when extracting complex social information from simple motion stimuli, which may contribute to social perception deficits in this disorder. Perception of social information from bodily cues is impaired in schizophrenia. We examined neural correlates of perception of emotion from biological motion. Activity in amygdala and posterior superior temporal sulcus was reduced in patients. pSTS functional connectivity with frontal and parietal regions was reduced in patients. Aberrant neural responses may contribute to social perceptual deficits in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Jimenez
- Desert Pacific MIRECC, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Junghee Lee
- Desert Pacific MIRECC, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Eric A Reavis
- Desert Pacific MIRECC, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jonathan K Wynn
- Desert Pacific MIRECC, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michael F Green
- Desert Pacific MIRECC, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Okruszek Ł, Wordecha M, Jarkiewicz M, Kossowski B, Lee J, Marchewka A. Brain correlates of recognition of communicative interactions from biological motion in schizophrenia. Psychol Med 2018; 48:1862-1871. [PMID: 29173243 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717003385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recognition of communicative interactions is a complex social cognitive ability which is associated with a specific neural activity in healthy individuals. However, neural correlates of communicative interaction processing from whole-body motion have not been known in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ). Therefore, the current study aims to examine the neural activity associated with recognition of communicative interactions in SCZ by using displays of the dyadic interactions downgraded to minimalistic point-light presentations. METHODS Twenty-six healthy controls (HC) and 25 SCZ were asked to judge whether two agents presented only by point-light displays were communicating or acting independently. Task-related activity and functional connectivity of brain structures were examined with General Linear Model and Generalized Psychophysiological Interaction approach, respectively. RESULTS HC were significantly more efficient in recognizing each type of action than SCZ. At the neural level, the activity of the right posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) was observed to be higher in HC compared with SCZ for communicative v. individual action processing. Importantly, increased connectivity of the right pSTS with structures associated with mentalizing (left pSTS) and mirroring networks (left frontal areas) was observed in HC, but not in SCZ, during the presentation of social interactions. CONCLUSION Under-recruitment of the right pSTS, a structure known to have a pivotal role in social processing, may also be of importance for higher-order social cognitive deficits in SCZ. Furthermore, decreased task-related connectivity of the right pSTS may result in reduced use of additional sources of information (for instance motor resonance signals) during social cognitive processing in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ł Okruszek
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Wordecha
- Clinical Neuroscience Lab, Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Jarkiewicz
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - B Kossowski
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Lee
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A Marchewka
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Delvecchio G, Pigoni A, Perlini C, Barillari M, Versace A, Ruggeri M, Altamura AC, Bellani M, Brambilla P. A diffusion weighted imaging study of basal ganglia in schizophrenia. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2018. [PMID: 28643537 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2017.1340650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies provided evidence of selective brain abnormalities in schizophrenia, both in cortical and subcortical structures. Basal ganglia are of particular interest, given not only the high concentration of dopaminergic neurons and receptors, but also for their crucial role in cognitive functions, commonly impaired in schizophrenia. To date, very few studies explored basal ganglia using diffusion imaging, which is sensitive to microstructural organization in brain tissues. The aim of our study is to explore basal ganglia structures with diffusion imaging in a sizeable sample of patients affected by schizophrenia and healthy controls. METHODS We enrolled 52 subjects affected by schizophrenia according to DMS-IV-R criteria and 46 healthy controls. Diffusion weighted images were obtained using a 1.5 Tesla scanner and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were determined in axial and coronal sections at the level of basal ganglia. RESULTS Patients affected by schizophrenia showed a significantly higher ADC compared to healthy controls in the left anterior lenticular nucleus (F = 3.9, p = .05). A significant positive correlation between right anterior lenticular nucleus and psychotropic dosages was found (r = 0.4, p = .01). CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence of lenticular nucleus microstructure alterations in schizophrenia, potentially sustaining cognitive and motor deficits in schizophrenia. Key points The basal ganglia structures was explored with diffusion imaging in a sizeable sample of patients affected by schizophrenia and healthy controls. Patients affected by schizophrenia showed a significantly higher ADC compared to healthy controls in the left anterior lenticular nucleus. Our study provides evidence of lenticular nucleus microstructure alterations in schizophrenia, potentially sustaining cognitive and motor deficits in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Delvecchio
- a IRCCS "E. Medea" Scientific Institute , San Vito al Tagliamento (PN) , Italy
| | - Alessandro Pigoni
- b Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Cinzia Perlini
- c Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Clinical Psychology , University of Verona , Verona , Italy.,d InterUniversity Centre for Behavioural Neurosciences, University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Marco Barillari
- e Section of Neurology, Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences , University Hospital of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Amelia Versace
- f Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic , University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| | - Mirella Ruggeri
- d InterUniversity Centre for Behavioural Neurosciences, University of Verona , Verona , Italy.,g Department of Public Health and Community Medicine , University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - A Carlo Altamura
- b Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Marcella Bellani
- d InterUniversity Centre for Behavioural Neurosciences, University of Verona , Verona , Italy.,g Department of Public Health and Community Medicine , University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- b Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , University of Milan , Milan , Italy.,h Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences , University of Texas at Houston , TX , USA
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Okruszek Ł. It Is Not Just in Faces! Processing of Emotion and Intention from Biological Motion in Psychiatric Disorders. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:48. [PMID: 29472852 PMCID: PMC5809469 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Social neuroscience offers a wide range of techniques that may be applied to study the social cognitive deficits that may underlie reduced social functioning—a common feature across many psychiatric disorders. At the same time, a significant proportion of research in this area has been conducted using paradigms that utilize static displays of faces or eyes. The use of point-light displays (PLDs) offers a viable alternative for studying recognition of emotion or intention inference while minimizing the amount of information presented to participants. This mini-review aims to summarize studies that have used PLD to study emotion and intention processing in schizophrenia (SCZ), affective disorders, anxiety and personality disorders, eating disorders and neurodegenerative disorders. Two main conclusions can be drawn from the reviewed studies: first, the social cognitive problems found in most of the psychiatric samples using PLD were of smaller magnitude than those found in studies presenting social information using faces or voices. Second, even though the information presented in PLDs is extremely limited, presentation of these types of stimuli is sufficient to elicit the disorder-specific, social cognitive biases (e.g., mood-congruent bias in depression, increased threat perception in anxious individuals, aberrant body size perception in eating disorders) documented using other methodologies. Taken together, these findings suggest that point-light stimuli may be a useful method of studying social information processing in psychiatry. At the same time, some limitations of using this methodology are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Okruszek
- Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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28
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Social cognitive dysfunction as a clinical marker: A systematic review of meta-analyses across 30 clinical conditions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 84:92-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Engelstad KN, Sundet KS, Andreassen OA, Vaskinn A. Body language reading of emotion in schizophrenia: Associations with symptoms and functional outcome. Scand J Psychol 2017; 58:359-366. [DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Nymo Engelstad
- Research Department; Vestre Viken Hospital Trust; Drammen Norway
- NORMENT K. G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction; Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Kjetil S. Sundet
- NORMENT K. G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction; Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
- Department of Psychology; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- NORMENT K. G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction; Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Anja Vaskinn
- NORMENT K. G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction; Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
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30
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Pavlova MA. Emotion Science in the Twenty-First Century. Time, Sex, and Behavior in Emotion Science: Over and Above. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1211. [PMID: 28785231 PMCID: PMC5519779 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marina A. Pavlova
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Medical School, Eberhard Karls University of TübingenTübingen, Germany
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Vaskinn A, Lagerberg TV, Bjella TD, Simonsen C, Andreassen OA, Ueland T, Sundet K. Impairment in emotion perception from body movements in individuals with bipolar I and bipolar II disorder is associated with functional capacity. Int J Bipolar Disord 2017; 5:13. [PMID: 28332121 PMCID: PMC5433954 DOI: 10.1186/s40345-017-0083-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Individuals with bipolar disorder present with moderate impairments in social cognition during the euthymic state. The impairment extends to theory of mind and to the perception of emotion in faces and voices, but it is unclear if emotion perception from body movements is affected. The main aim of this study was to examine if participants with bipolar disorder perform worse than healthy control participants on a task using point-light displays of human full figures moving in a manner indicative of a basic emotion (angry, happy, sad, fearful, neutral/no emotion). A secondary research question was whether diagnostic subtypes (bipolar I, bipolar II) and history of psychosis impacted on this type of emotion perception. Finally, symptomatic, neurocognitive, and functional correlates of emotion perception from body movements were investigated. Methods Fifty-three individuals with bipolar I (n = 29) or bipolar II (n = 24) disorder, and 84 healthy control participants were assessed for emotion perception from body movements. The bipolar group also underwent clinical, cognitive, and functional assessment. Research questions were analyzed using analyses of variance and bivariate correlations. Results The bipolar disorder group differed significantly from healthy control participants for emotion perception from body movements (Cohen’s d = 0.40). Analyses of variance yielded no effects of sex, diagnostic subtype (bipolar I, bipolar II), or history of psychosis. There was an effect of emotion, indicating that some emotions are easier to recognize. The lack of a significant group × emotion interaction effect points, however, to this being so regardless of the presence of bipolar disorder. Performance was unrelated to manic and depressive symptom load but showed significant associations with neurocognition and functional capacity. Conclusions Individuals with bipolar disorder had a small but significant impairment in the ability to perceive emotions from body movement. The impairment was global, i.e., affecting all emotions and equally present for males and females. The impairment was associated with neurocognition and functional capacity, but not symptom load. Our findings identify pathopsychological factors underlying the functional impairment in bipolar disorder and suggest the consideration of social cognition training as part of the treatment for bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Vaskinn
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1094, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway. .,NORMENT KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Trine Vik Lagerberg
- NORMENT KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas D Bjella
- NORMENT KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Carmen Simonsen
- NORMENT KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Early Intervention in Psychosis Advisory Unit, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torill Ueland
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1094, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway.,NORMENT KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Sundet
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1094, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway.,NORMENT KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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32
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Pavlova MA. Sex and gender affect the social brain: Beyond simplicity. J Neurosci Res 2016; 95:235-250. [PMID: 27688155 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina A. Pavlova
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Medical School; Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
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