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Vlasov M, Sychev O, Toropchina O, Isaeva I, Zamashanskaya E, Gillespie D. The Effects of Problematic Internet Use and Emotional Connotation on Internet Slang Processing: Evidence from a Lexical Decision Task. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLINGUISTIC RESEARCH 2024; 53:39. [PMID: 38656436 DOI: 10.1007/s10936-024-10073-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Young people use slang for identifying themselves with a particular social group, gaining social recognition and respect from that group, and expressing their emotional state. One feature of Internet slang is its active use by youth in online communication, which, under certain conditions, may cause problematic Internet use (PIU). We conducted two studies in young Russian speakers (n1 = 115, n2 = 106). In study 1, participants were asked to rate a set of slang and common words using Self-Assessment Manikin. The study revealed that the most reliable predictor of higher emotional ratings was word familiarity. There were no significant effects of slang vs. common words or word frequency. In study 2, we used a dual lexical decision task to reveal the effects of word characteristics and propensity for PIU on reaction time (RT) for Internet slang words in pairs with semantically related vs. unrelated common words. Study 2 did not reveal any significant semantic priming effect. Word frequency was a significant predictor of lexical decision facilitation. Common, but not slang, word valence and dominance significantly affected RT in the opposite direction. Individuals with higher cognitive preoccupation with the Internet responded significantly faster, while those more likely to use online communication for mood regulation responded significantly slower to the stimuli. Apparently, on explicit and implicit levels, in-depth knowledge of Internet slang can be one the PIU markers. The results are discussed in line with Davis' approach to determining the general pathological Internet use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Vlasov
- Research Department, Institute of Humanities, Shukshin Altai State University for Humanities and Pedagogy, 53 Vladimira Korolenko Street, Biysk, 659333, Russia.
- Laboratory of Sociocognitive and Computational Linguistics, Perm State University, Perm, Russia.
| | - Oleg Sychev
- Research Department, Institute of Pedagogy and Psychology, Shukshin Altai State University for Humanities and Pedagogy, Biysk, Russia
| | - Olga Toropchina
- Research Department, Institute of Humanities, Shukshin Altai State University for Humanities and Pedagogy, 53 Vladimira Korolenko Street, Biysk, 659333, Russia
| | - Irina Isaeva
- Department of English Philology, Altai State Pedagogical University, Barnaul, Russia
| | - Elena Zamashanskaya
- Department of Social Sciences and Humanities, Biysk Technological Institute, Biysk, Russia
| | - David Gillespie
- Institute of Foreign Languages, Moscow City University, Moscow, Russia
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Tapia JL, Sánchez-Borda D, Iniesta C, Badea F, Duñabeitia JA. Shifting Perceptions and Emotional Responses to Autonomous Vehicles Using Simulated Experiences. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 14:29. [PMID: 38247681 PMCID: PMC10813087 DOI: 10.3390/bs14010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The societal integration of autonomous vehicles (AVs) relies on public acceptance, closely related to individual emotions and perceptions. This study explores the emotional factors affecting AV acceptance in Spain through lexical tasks, virtual AV simulations, and questionnaires, surpassing traditional attitude surveys by examining subtle emotional and lexical reactions to AVs. Acceptance was measured in terms of AV knowledge, perception of autonomous driving, and safety, with emphasis on lexical-emotional analysis after simulation. Findings indicate gender differences in AV acceptance, with women showing less knowledge and comfort with AV technology. Simulation improved understanding and generated more positive responses. This study shows how lexical tasks can reveal emotional influences on AV perception and suggests a wider approach to assess technology acceptance. These findings aid in creating campaigns and experiences to enhance public AV acceptance, mindful of demographic differences. Future studies should extend this framework to various populations to investigate the emotional lexicon's role in AV acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L. Tapia
- Centro de Investigación Nebrija en Cognición (CINC), Universidad Nebrija, 28043 Madrid, Spain; (J.L.T.); (D.S.-B.)
| | - David Sánchez-Borda
- Centro de Investigación Nebrija en Cognición (CINC), Universidad Nebrija, 28043 Madrid, Spain; (J.L.T.); (D.S.-B.)
| | - Carmen Iniesta
- Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Nebrija, 28015 Madrid, Spain; (C.I.); (F.B.)
- Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Badea
- Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Nebrija, 28015 Madrid, Spain; (C.I.); (F.B.)
| | - Jon Andoni Duñabeitia
- Centro de Investigación Nebrija en Cognición (CINC), Universidad Nebrija, 28043 Madrid, Spain; (J.L.T.); (D.S.-B.)
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Abstract
Concepts allow us to make sense of the world. Most evidence on their acquisition and representation comes from studies of single decontextualized words and focuses on the opposition between concrete and abstract concepts (e.g., "bottle" vs. "truth"). A significant step forward in research on concepts consists in investigating them in online interaction during their use. Our study examines linguistic exchanges analyzing the differences between sub-kinds of concepts. Participants were submitted to an online task in which they had to simulate a conversational exchange by responding to sentences involving sub-kinds of concrete (tools, animals, food) and abstract concepts (PS, philosophical-spiritual; EMSS, emotional-social, PSTQ, physical-spatio-temporal-quantitative). We found differences in content: foods evoked interoception; tools and animals elicited materials, spatial, auditive features, confirming their sensorimotor grounding. PS and EMSS yielded inner experiences (e.g., emotions, cognitive states, introspections) and opposed PSTQ, tied to visual properties and concrete agency. More crucially, the various concepts elicited different interactional dynamics: more abstract concepts generated higher uncertainty and more interactive exchanges than concrete ones. Investigating concepts in situated interactions opens new possibilities for studying conceptual knowledge and its pragmatic and social aspects.
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Vieitez L, Haro J, Ferré P, Padrón I, Fraga I. Unraveling the Mystery About the Negative Valence Bias: Does Arousal Account for Processing Differences in Unpleasant Words? Front Psychol 2021; 12:748726. [PMID: 34795616 PMCID: PMC8593103 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.748726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have found that the emotional content of words affects visual word recognition. However, most of them have only considered affective valence, finding inconsistencies regarding the direction of the effects, especially in unpleasant words. Recent studies suggest that arousal might explain why not all unpleasant words elicit the same behavior. The aim of the present research was to study the role of arousal in unpleasant word recognition. To do that, we carried out an ERP experiment in which participants performed a lexical decision task that included unpleasant words which could vary across three levels of arousal (intermediate, high, and very high) and words which were neutral in valence and had an intermediate level of arousal. Results showed that, within unpleasant words, those intermediate in arousal evoked smaller LPC amplitudes than words that were high or very high in arousal, indicating that arousal affects unpleasant word recognition. Critically, arousal determined whether the effect of negative valence was found or not. When arousal was not matched between unpleasant and neutral valenced words, the effect of emotionality was weak in the behavioral data and absent in the ERP data. However, when arousal was intermediate in both unpleasant and neutral valenced words, larger EPN amplitudes were reported for the former, pointing to an early allocation of attention. Interestingly, these unpleasant words which had an intermediate level of arousal showed a subsequent inhibitory effect in that they evoked smaller LPC amplitudes and led to slower reaction times and more errors than neutral words. Our results highlight the relevance that the arousal level has for the study of negative valence effects in word recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Vieitez
- Cognitive Processes and Behavior Research Group, Department of Social Psychology, Basic Psychology, and Methodology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan Haro
- Department of Psychology and CRAMC, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Pilar Ferré
- Department of Psychology and CRAMC, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Isabel Padrón
- Cognitive Processes and Behavior Research Group, Department of Social Psychology, Basic Psychology, and Methodology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Isabel Fraga
- Cognitive Processes and Behavior Research Group, Department of Social Psychology, Basic Psychology, and Methodology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Conca F, Borsa VM, Cappa SF, Catricalà E. The multidimensionality of abstract concepts: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 127:474-491. [PMID: 33979574 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The neuroscientific study of conceptual representation has largely focused on categories of concrete entities (biological entities, tools…), while abstract knowledge has been less extensively investigated. The possible presence of a categorical organization of abstract knowledge is a debated issue. An embodied cognition framework predicts an organization of the abstract domain into different dimensions, grounded in the brain regions engaged by the corresponding experience. Here we review the types of experience that have been proposed to characterize different categories of abstract concepts, and the evidence supporting a corresponding organization derived from behavioural, neuroimaging (i.e., fMRI, MRI, PET, SPECT), EEG, and neurostimulation (i.e., TMS) studies in healthy and clinical populations. The available data provide substantial converging evidence in favour of the presence of distinct neural representations of social and emotional knowledge, mental states and magnitude concepts, engaging brain systems involved in the corresponding experiences. This evidence is supporting an extension of embodied models of semantic memory organization to several types of abstract knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Conca
- Institute for Advanced Studies, IUSS, Pavia, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Casimiro Mondino, Pavia, Italy
| | - V M Borsa
- Università degli Studi di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - S F Cappa
- Institute for Advanced Studies, IUSS, Pavia, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Casimiro Mondino, Pavia, Italy.
| | - E Catricalà
- Institute for Advanced Studies, IUSS, Pavia, Italy
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Vitevitch MS, Ng JW, Hatley E, Castro N. Phonological but not semantic influences on the speech-to-song illusion. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2021; 74:585-597. [PMID: 33089742 PMCID: PMC8287799 DOI: 10.1177/1747021820969144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the speech to song illusion, a spoken phrase begins to sound as if it is being sung after several repetitions. Castro et al. (2018) used Node Structure Theory (NST; MacKay, 1987), a model of speech perception and production, to explain how the illusion occurs. Two experiments further test the mechanisms found in NST-priming, activation, and satiation-as an account of the speech to song illusion. In Experiment 1, words varying in the phonological clustering coefficient influenced how quickly a lexical node could recover from satiation, thereby influencing the song-like ratings to lists of words that were high versus low in phonological clustering coefficient. In Experiment 2, we used equivalence testing (i.e., the TOST procedure) to demonstrate that once lexical nodes are satiated the higher level semantic information associated with the word cannot differentially influence song-like ratings to lists of words varying in emotional arousal. The results of these two experiments further support the NST account of the speech to song illusion.
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Kim JM, Sidhu DM, Pexman PM. Effects of Emotional Valence and Concreteness on Children's Recognition Memory. Front Psychol 2020; 11:615041. [PMID: 33343478 PMCID: PMC7746830 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.615041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There are considerable gaps in our knowledge of how children develop abstract language. In this paper, we tested the Affective Embodiment Account, which proposes that emotional information is more essential for abstract than concrete conceptual development. We tested the recognition memory of 7- and 8-year-old children, as well as a group of adults, for abstract and concrete words which differed categorically in valence (negative, neutral, and positive). Word valence significantly interacted with concreteness in hit rates of both children and adults, such that effects of valence were only found in memory for abstract words. The pattern of valence effects differed for children and adults: children remembered negative words more accurately than neutral and positive words (a negativity effect), whereas adults remembered negative and positive words more accurately than neutral words (a negativity effect and a positivity effect). In addition, signal detection analysis revealed that children were better able to discriminate negative than positive words, regardless of concreteness. The findings suggest that the memory accuracy of 7- and 8-year-old children is influenced by emotional information, particularly for abstract words. The results are in agreement with the Affective Embodiment Account and with multimodal accounts of children's lexical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - David M Sidhu
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Penny M Pexman
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Muraki EJ, Sidhu DM, Pexman PM. Heterogenous abstract concepts: is "ponder" different from "dissolve"? PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2020; 86:2478-2494. [PMID: 32776257 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-020-01398-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
words have usually been treated as a homogenous group, with limited investigation of the influence of different underlying representational systems for these words. In the present study we examined lexical-semantic processing of abstract verbs, separating them into mental state, emotional state and nonembodied state types. We used a syntactic classification task and a memory task to investigate behavioural differences amongst the abstract verb types. Semantic richness effects of each of the verbs' associates were then investigated to determine the relationship of linguistic associations to semantic processing response times for abstract verbs. We found a modest effect of abstract verb type, with mental state abstract verbs processed more quickly than nonembodied abstract verbs in the syntactic classification task; however, this effect was task dependent. We also found that memory was less accurate for the mental state abstract verbs. The semantic richness analysis of abstract verb associates revealed (1) that the concreteness of an abstract verb's associates has a positive relationship to the verb's response time and (2) a negative relationship between response time and age of acquisition for associates of nonembodied verbs. The results provide support for the proposal that abstract concepts engage complex representations in modal and linguistic systems.
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Borghi AM, Barca L, Binkofski F, Castelfranchi C, Pezzulo G, Tummolini L. Words as social tools: Language, sociality and inner grounding in abstract concepts. Phys Life Rev 2019; 29:120-153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Lund TC, Sidhu DM, Pexman PM. Sensitivity to emotion information in children's lexical processing. Cognition 2019; 190:61-71. [PMID: 31026671 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We tested predictions of multiple representation accounts of conceptual processing, including the proposal that emotion information may provide a bootstrapping mechanism for vocabulary acquisition. We investigated the influence of word valence on children's lexical processing, presenting 40 positive words, 40 neutral words, and 40 negative words in an auditory lexical decision task (ALDT), along with 120 nonwords. We tested 99 children across three age groups: 5, 6, or 7 years. There were no significant effects of valence on the ALDT responses of 5-year-old children. The 6-year-old children, however, were faster to respond to negative words than to neutral words and, for more abstract words, faster to respond to positive words than to neutral words. The 7-year-old children were faster for positive words than for neutral words, regardless of concreteness. As such, children showed sensitivity to word valence in lexical processing, at a younger age than had been established in previous research. In addition, children's language skills were related to their improved processing of more abstract neutral words between 6 and 7 years of age. These results are consistent with multimodal accounts of word meaning and lexical development.
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Tay RYL, Ng BC. Effects of affective priming through music on the use of emotion words. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214482. [PMID: 30990819 PMCID: PMC6467386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how music can evoke emotions and in turn affect language use has significant implications not only in clinical settings but also in the emotional development of children. The relationship between music and emotion is an intricate one that has been closely studied. However, how the use of emotion words can be influenced by auditory priming is a question which is still not known. The main interest in this study was to examine how manipulation of mode and tempo in music affects the emotions induced and the subsequent effects on the use of emotion words. Fifty university students in Singapore were asked to select emotion words after exposure to various music excerpts. The results showed that major modes and faster tempos elicited greater responses for positive words and high arousal words respectively, while minor modes elicited more high arousal words and original tempos resulted in more positive words being selected. In the Major-Fast, Major-Slow and Minor-Slow conditions, positive correlations were found between the number of high arousal words and their rated intensities. Upon further analysis, categorization of emotion words differed from the circumplex model. Taken together, the findings highlight the prominence of affective auditory priming and allow us to better understand our emotive responses to music.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosabel Yu Ling Tay
- Linguistics and Multilingual Studies, School of Humanities, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bee Chin Ng
- Linguistics and Multilingual Studies, School of Humanities, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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Mazzuca C, Lugli L, Benassi M, Nicoletti R, Borghi AM. Abstract, emotional and concrete concepts and the activation of mouth-hand effectors. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5987. [PMID: 30568852 PMCID: PMC6287580 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
According to embodied and grounded theories, concepts are grounded in sensorimotor systems. The majority of evidence supporting these views concerns concepts referring to objects or actions, while evidence on abstract concepts is more scarce. Explaining how abstract concepts such as “freedom” are represented would thus be pivotal for grounded theories. According to some recent proposals, abstract concepts are grounded in both sensorimotor and linguistic experience, thus they activate the mouth motor system more than concrete concepts. Two experiments are reported, aimed at verifying whether abstract, concrete and emotional words activate the mouth and the hand effectors. In both experiments participants performed first a lexical decision, then a recognition task. In Experiment 1 participants responded by pressing a button either with the mouth or with the hand, in Experiment 2 responses were given with the foot, while a button held either in the mouth or in the hand was used to respond to catch-trials. Abstract words were slower to process in both tasks (concreteness effect). Across the tasks and experiments, emotional concepts had instead a fluctuating pattern, different from those of both concrete and abstract concepts, suggesting that they cannot be considered as a subset of abstract concepts. The interaction between type of concept (abstract, concrete and emotional) and effector (mouth, hand) was not significant in the lexical decision task, likely because it emerged only with tasks implying a deeper processing level. It reached significance, instead, in the recognition tasks. In both experiments abstract concepts were facilitated in the mouth condition compared to the hand condition, supporting our main prediction. Emotional concepts instead had a more variable pattern. Overall, our findings indicate that various kinds of concepts differently activate the mouth and hand effectors, but they also suggest that concepts activate effectors in a flexible and task-dependent way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Mazzuca
- Department of Philosophy and Communication, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luisa Lugli
- Department of Philosophy and Communication, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Nicoletti
- Department of Philosophy and Communication, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna M Borghi
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, University of Roma "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.,Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, Italian National Research Council, Rome, Italy
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