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Albarracin M, Bouchard-Joly G, Sheikhbahaee Z, Miller M, Pitliya RJ, Poirier P. Feeling our place in the world: an active inference account of self-esteem. Neurosci Conscious 2024; 2024:niae007. [PMID: 38562605 PMCID: PMC10984624 DOI: 10.1093/nc/niae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Self-esteem, the evaluation of one's own worth or value, is a critical aspect of psychological well-being and mental health. In this paper, we propose an active inference account of self-esteem, casting it as a sociometer or an inferential capacity to interpret one's standing within a social group. This approach allows us to explore the interaction between an individual's self-perception and the expectations of their social environment.When there is a mismatch between these perceptions and expectations, the individual needs to adjust their actions or update their self-perception to better align with their current experiences. We also consider this hypothesis in relation with recent research on affective inference, suggesting that self-esteem enables the individual to track and respond to this discrepancy through affective states such as anxiety or positive affect. By acting as an inferential sociometer, self-esteem allows individuals to navigate and adapt to their social environment, ultimately impacting their psychological well-being and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahault Albarracin
- Département d'Informatique, Université du Québec à Montréal, 405 Rue Sainte-Catherine Est, Montreal H2L 2C4, QC, Canada
| | - Gabriel Bouchard-Joly
- Département d'Informatique, Université du Québec à Montréal, 405 Rue Sainte-Catherine Est, Montreal H2L 2C4, QC, Canada
| | - Zahra Sheikhbahaee
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, 5757, Av. Decelles bureau 500, Montreal, QC H3S 2C3, Canada
| | - Mark Miller
- Monash Centre for Consciousness and Contemplative Studies, Monash University, Melboume, Australia
- Psychology Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada
| | - Riddhi J Pitliya
- Department of Experimental Psychology Oxford University, Oxford OX1 2JD, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre Poirier
- Département d'Informatique, Université du Québec à Montréal, 405 Rue Sainte-Catherine Est, Montreal H2L 2C4, QC, Canada
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Di Pierro R, Costantini G, Fanti E, Di Sarno M, Preti E, Madeddu F, Clarkin JF, Caligor E, De Panfilis C. Measurement Invariance of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory and Multimethod Examination of Narcissistic Presentations in Community and Clinical Samples. Assessment 2023; 30:1391-1406. [PMID: 35699415 DOI: 10.1177/10731911221101367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Pathological Narcissism Inventory (PNI) is extensively used in recent empirical literature on pathological narcissism. However, most studies using the PNI are community-based, and no studies have used the PNI to investigate narcissistic presentations in personality disordered patients. This study investigates measurement invariance of the PNI in community participants and patients with personality disorders, and examines differences of narcissistic presentations in these samples through a multimethod approach. Results show that the PNI can be used reliably to measure and compare traits of pathological narcissism in community participants and patients with personality disorders. Personality disordered patients show higher traits reflecting vulnerable narcissism and overt manifestations of grandiose narcissism, compared with controls. Finally, network analysis indicates that traits of grandiose fantasies and entitlement rage have a central role in defining manifestations of PNI pathological narcissism, regardless of the presence of an underlying personality disorder. Research and clinical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Di Pierro
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
- Personality Disorders Lab, Parma-Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Emanuele Preti
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
- Personality Disorders Lab, Parma-Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Madeddu
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
- Personality Disorders Lab, Parma-Milan, Italy
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Di Sarno M, Frisina S, Madeddu F, Di Pierro R. Interpersonal perceptions in treatment sessions: Pathological narcissism predicts self-rater discrepancies. J Clin Psychol 2023; 79:1002-1020. [PMID: 36322920 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence suggests that pathological narcissism impacts psychotherapy process and outcome. This study investigates whether traits of pathological narcissism account for distinctiveness (construal) of patients' interpersonal perceptions in treatment settings. METHODS Patients enrolled in psychological/psychotherapeutic treatment (N = 150) described a segment of a session in a written format and subsequently assessed both self- and clinician's behavior on the dimensions of dominance and hostility (patient-reported ratings), along with their pathological narcissistic traits. Three independent raters also assessed interpersonal behaviors (observer-reported ratings) based on the written session descriptions. Indices of construal were defined by the residuals of self-reported (net of observer-reported) ratings and were regressed onto pathological narcissistic traits. RESULTS No association emerged between pathological narcissism and construal in patients' perceptions of their clinicians. However, grandiose traits of pathological narcissism were related to distinctively perceiving oneself as more dominant, while vulnerable traits were related to distinctively perceiving oneself as more hostile. The former association (but not the latter) also held after incorporating additional observer ratings to investigate the robustness of the results. CONCLUSION Findings are discussed in light of treatment-related self-enhancement and self-concealment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Di Sarno
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.,Personality Disorders Lab (PDlab), Parma-Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Simone Frisina
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Madeddu
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.,Personality Disorders Lab (PDlab), Parma-Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Rossella Di Pierro
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.,Personality Disorders Lab (PDlab), Parma-Milano, Milano, Italy
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Jauk E, Knödler M, Frenzel J, Kanske P. Do highly sensitive persons display hypersensitive narcissism? Similarities and differences in the nomological networks of sensory processing sensitivity and vulnerable narcissism. J Clin Psychol 2023; 79:228-254. [PMID: 35901250 PMCID: PMC10087305 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with high sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) ("highly sensitive persons") are thought to be easily excitable and overwhelmed, highly attentive to aesthetic impressions, and particularly sensitive to sensory stimulation. Public discourse suggests that those who describe themselves as highly sensitive see themselves as fundamentally different from others, and view their personality as a gift and a burden. From a clinical personality perspective, high sensitivity could be considered to have substantial overlaps with hypersensitive narcissism, or generally vulnerable narcissism. METHOD We investigated the associations and shared nomological networks between high sensitivity and hypersensitive narcissism in two studies using convenience and representative samples (n1 = 280, n2 = 310). RESULTS There is evidence for replicable associations between SPS and hypersensitive (.53 ≤ r ≤ .54) as well as vulnerable narcissism (.44 ≤ r ≤ .54), associations were not attributable to general neuroticism. Nomological networks were similar and pointed to a neurotic-introverted personality profile with reduced personality functioning. Latent class analyses further pointed to substantial and practically relevant person-level covariance. CONCLUSION Sensory processing sensitivity and hypersensitive narcissism are substantially related constructs. For clinicians, this points to the importance of being attentive to narcissistic self-regulatory strategies in individuals presenting as highly sensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Jauk
- Department of Medical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Clinical Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Madita Knödler
- Clinical Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Julia Frenzel
- Clinical Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Philipp Kanske
- Clinical Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Di Pierro R, Fanti E, Gallucci M, Madeddu F, Preti E. Narcissus Going Public: Pathological Narcissism and Reactions to Public vs. Private Exposure in Ego-relevant Events. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-022-09998-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPathological narcissism implies a fragile self-view. The psychological effects of ego-relevant events in people high in pathological narcissism, however, are still uncertain. The study examined the effects of pathological narcissism on psychological reactions to ego-relevant events occurring in private or public settings. Participants (N = 410) completed measures of pathological narcissistic traits, and then they took part in a scenario-based experimental session. They were randomly assigned to four conditions: ego-threatening vs. ego-fostering events in public vs. private settings. Self-esteem and affective states before and after the experimental manipulation were measured. Results showed that vulnerable and grandiose manifestations of pathological narcissism affect differently psychological reactions to ego-relevant events. Vulnerable narcissism made people particularly sensitive to ego-threatening and ego-fostering events, especially when occurring in public settings. Grandiose narcissism was linked to a reduction in emotional responses to ego-relevant events. Findings suggest that self- and affective reactions to ego-relevant events depend on narcissistic prevailing manifestations, and that public exposure has a key role in vulnerable narcissism.
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Pavanello Decaro S, Anzani A, Di Sarno M, Di Pierro R, Prunas A. Men’s sexual distress: the role of body image and vulnerable narcissistic traits. SEXUAL AND RELATIONSHIP THERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14681994.2022.2124404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Annalisa Anzani
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Di Sarno
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Prunas
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Engyel M, Urbán R, Bandi S, Nagy L. Dimensionality of narcissism: a Bifactorial model of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory using single-stimulus response formats. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-00971-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe Narcissistic Personality Inventory is a widely used measure of narcissism; however, several different conflicting factor structures have been proposed. The present study aimed to untangle those differences by offering a bifactor model of narcissism with an underlying general narcissism factor and several specific factors. Our objective was to estimate the variance explained by the general and the specific factors. Therefore, we applied a set of confirmatory factor analyses on three independent studies (N = 791; N = 319 and N = 237), and also tested the construct validity of these factors with other contemporary measures of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism, big five personality traits, explicit self-esteem, gender and well-being. Our results suggest that the bifactor model with three specific factors yielded acceptable fit to our data in all of the different single-stimulus response formats and languages used in our studies and modelling three specific factors offered more insight into the adaptive and maladaptive characteristics of narcissism. The general narcissism factor alone explains only about half of the common variance, highlighting the importance of the specific factors as well.
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Pechorro P, Curtis S, DeLisi M, Maroco J, Nunes C. Dark Triad Psychopathy Outperforms Self-Control in Predicting Antisocial Outcomes: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2022; 12:549-562. [PMID: 35735462 PMCID: PMC9222205 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe12060041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dark Triad traits and self-control are considered viable causal precursors to antisocial and criminal outcomes in youth. The purpose of the present study is to concurrently compare how Dark Triad traits and self-control differ in terms of predicting self-reported juvenile delinquency, CD symptoms, proactive overt aggression, and crime seriousness. The sample consisted of 567 (M = 15.91 years, SD = 0.99 years, age range = 14–18 years) Southern European youth from Portugal. Structural-equation-modelling procedures revealed that the psychopathy factor of Dark Triad traits presented the strongest significant hypothetical causal associations with the antisocial/criminal outcomes, followed by self-control. Machiavellianism and narcissism presented the lowest causal associations. Our findings indicate that psychopathy, as operationalized in the Dark Triad, concurrently surpasses self-control and the remaining factors of the Dark Triad in terms of predicting antisocial/criminal outcomes in youth. This suggests that behavioral disinhibition, or a core incapacity to regulate one’s conduct, is central for understanding delinquency and externalizing psychopathology. Comparatively, the interpersonal component of dark personality features, such as Machiavellianism and narcissism, are secondary for understanding crime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Pechorro
- Faculdade de Psicologia (The Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Psychological Assessment and Psychometrics Laboratory), University of Coimbra, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Psychology Research Centre (CIP), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Shelby Curtis
- Social Psychology Ph.D. Program, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA;
| | - Matt DeLisi
- Department of Sociology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - João Maroco
- William James Centre for Research, ISPA-Instituto Universitário, 1149-041 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Cristina Nunes
- Psychology Research Centre (CIP), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Shrestha B, Yadav S, Dhakal S, Ghimire P, Shrestha Y, Singh Rathaure E. Status of self-esteem in medical students at a college in Kathmandu: A descriptive cross-sectional study. F1000Res 2022; 10:1031. [PMID: 35464184 PMCID: PMC9021663 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.72824.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Self-esteem is vital to living a happy, confident and content life. Medical students experience various forms of stress due to academic, financial and social pressures which could affect their levels of self-esteem. This study aims to study the status of self-esteem among undergraduates of a medical college at Tribhuvan University, Nepal. Methods: After receiving the ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (IRC) of NAIHS; we conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study among the first- to fifth-year medical students from December 2020 to April 2021. 190 were selected for the study using a stratified random sampling technique. This study used the Rosenberg self-esteem scale to measure self–esteem of the participants. A Google Forms questionnaire was sent to the participants via email. Then, the data obtained were entered in the Google sheet and later analyzed using SPSS 27. A Chi-square test was used to identify potential differences in self-esteem scores among different variables. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: This study included a total of 180 participants, among which, 18.9% (13.19% to 24.61%; at 95% CI) students showed low self -esteem. 74.4% (68.02% to 80.78%; at 95% CI) students had normal self-esteem and 6.7% (3.05% to 10.35%; at 95% CI) students had high self-esteem. The mean self-esteem score was 19.19 (15.01 to 23.37; at 95% CI). Female participants suffered more than males from low self-esteem, and third-year students had the highest percentage of low self-esteem (30.77%). Conclusion: The majority (74.4%) of medical students had normal self-esteem. However, 18.9% students had low self-esteem, among which, third-year students suffered the most (30.77%). Likewise, females exhibited higher prevalence of low self-esteem compared to males. Interventions to boost the level of self-esteem should be carried out to help medical students become confident and efficient doctors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikal Shrestha
- Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences (NAIHS), Kathmandu, 44600, Nepal
| | - Stuti Yadav
- Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences (NAIHS), Kathmandu, 44600, Nepal
| | - Subodh Dhakal
- Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences (NAIHS), Kathmandu, 44600, Nepal
| | - Pooja Ghimire
- Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences (NAIHS), Kathmandu, 44600, Nepal
| | - Yubika Shrestha
- Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences (NAIHS), Kathmandu, 44600, Nepal
| | - Ela Singh Rathaure
- Epidemiology and Disease control division, USAID, Kathmandu, 44600, Nepal
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Pavanello Decaro S, Di Sarno M, Anzani A, Di Pierro R, Prunas A. Narcissistic Personality Traits and Sexual Dysfunction in Women: The Role of Body Image Self-Consciousness. J Sex Med 2021; 18:1891-1898. [PMID: 37057480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with narcissistic traits, specifically vulnerable ones, are more prone to experiencing concerns related to self-worth and physical appearance and to showing heightened sensitivity to appearance evaluation. Negative body image and body image self-consciousness may, in turn, undermine sexual functioning, especially when apprehension is related to body appearance in sexual contexts. METHODS We aimed to evaluate the associations between self-reported pathological narcissistic traits, both grandiose and vulnerable, and sexual functioning in a large sample of nonclinical women (N = 656). Furthermore, we tested the mediating role of body image self-consciousness in these associations. OUTCOMES Sexual functioning was measured through the Female Sexual Function Index. RESULTS The results highlight that vulnerable narcissistic traits are associated with lower sexual functioning, this association being mediated by higher levels of body image self-consciousness. Conversely, grandiose narcissistic traits are linked to lower body image self-consciousness and, consequently, higher levels of sexual functioning. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Considering the link between body image self-consciousness and sexuality is of utmost importance in clinical practice with women, as well as in promoting positive body appreciation. Clinicians working with individuals presenting with pathological personality traits should consider including an assessment of their sexual functioning. S Pavanello Decaro, M Di Sarno, A Anzani, et al. Narcissistic Personality Traits and Sexual Dysfunction in Women: The Role of Body Image Self-Consciousness. J Sex Med 2021;18:1891-1898.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Pavanello Decaro
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano - Bicocca, Edificio U6, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126 Milano, Italy.
| | - Marco Di Sarno
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano - Bicocca, Edificio U6, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Annalisa Anzani
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano - Bicocca, Edificio U6, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Rossella Di Pierro
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano - Bicocca, Edificio U6, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Antonio Prunas
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano - Bicocca, Edificio U6, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126 Milano, Italy
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Di Pierro R, Fanti E. Self-Concept in Narcissism: Profile Comparisons of Narcissistic Manifestations on Facets of the Self. CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2021; 18:211-222. [PMID: 34909036 PMCID: PMC8650183 DOI: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20210404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clinical theories suggest that narcissists have a compromised self-concept. However, empirical investigation on attributes of the self that would be impaired in pathological narcissism is limited and inconsistent. The present study aims at detecting distinctive profiles of narcissistic manifestations on facets of the self that have been indicated as relevant in clinical and empirical literature on narcissism. METHOD We measured adaptive and pathological narcissistic traits in a community sample of adults (N = 539). Participants also completed measures of self-uniqueness, self-authenticity, self-consistency, and self-other comparisons on agentic and communal domains. RESULTS Results indicate distinctive profiles of adaptive and pathological narcissistic manifestations on these facets of the self. Among the set of distinctive facets for each narcissistic manifestation, however, some showed to have a more prominent role. Adaptive and pathological narcissism were captured mostly by a greater sense and need for uniqueness that was primarily expressed by public exposure. Sense of superiority over others in the agentic domain, however, showed to have an essential role only in adaptive narcissism. Moreover, self-concept in adaptive grandiose narcissism was qualified by high levels of self-authenticity and a consistent sense of self. Self-concept in vulnerable pathological narcissism revealed greatest impairment, especially in facets of high concern regarding others' reactions and feeling of a tenuous existence. CONCLUSIONS The study points out that adaptive and pathological manifestations of narcissism can be profiled based on specific facets of self. Theoretical and research implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Di Pierro
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Personality Disorder Lab (PDLab), Parma – Milan, Italy
- Centro per lo studio e la terapia dei disturbi della personalità (C.R.E.S.T.), Milan, Italy
| | - Erika Fanti
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Dębska M, Dębski P, Polechoński J, Rozpara M, Tomik R. The Dark Triad of Personality in the Context of Health Behaviors: Ally or Enemy? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4113. [PMID: 33924649 PMCID: PMC8069531 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The main aim of this manuscript was to present a preliminary verification of the relations between the Dark Triad of personality traits and health-oriented behaviors in university students. The study involved 143 healthy students (94 female and 49 male) from the Silesian Voivodeship (Poland). The diagnosis of the elements of the Dark Triad of personality was carried out using a psychological examination based on the following tests: TriPM-41, Mach IV, NPI. The intensity of the health behaviors was examined using the Health Behavior Inventory developed by Z. Juczyński. The Health Behavior Inventory is positively correlated with narcissism and its self-sufficiency component and negatively with psychopathic disinhibition. For the Health Behavior Inventory's subscales, a positive relationship was observed between Positive Mental Attitude and narcissism, most of its components, and psychopathic boldness. The analysis of correlations with the division of the subjects into the Dark Triad traits ≤Me and >Me revealed that a significant positive correlation between the general intensity of the health behaviors and the intensity of narcissism mainly concerns university students with a lower level of this trait and its components. Therefore, it can be presumed that narcissism, although considered as a socially aversive trait, is associated with pro-health behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Dębska
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Mikołowska 72A, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (M.D.); (M.R.); (R.T.)
| | - Paweł Dębski
- Chair and Clinical Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poniatowskiego 15, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Jacek Polechoński
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Mikołowska 72A, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (M.D.); (M.R.); (R.T.)
| | - Michał Rozpara
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Mikołowska 72A, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (M.D.); (M.R.); (R.T.)
| | - Rajmund Tomik
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Mikołowska 72A, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (M.D.); (M.R.); (R.T.)
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Different respect motivates different people: How self-esteem moderates the effects of respect on performance. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Sedikides C. In Search of Narcissus. Trends Cogn Sci 2020; 25:67-80. [PMID: 33229145 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Narcissism, a trait reflecting egocentric exceptionalism and social selfishness, has captured scholarly interest due to its intricate composition and social implications. The construct is polyhedric, comprising several key forms: grandiose versus vulnerable, agentic versus communal, admirative versus rivalrous, collective versus individual. These forms can be integrated into structural models that add predictive power or process models that add explanatory power. The narcissistic nucleus is argued, and partly shown, to be brittle in the face of self-threat. The nucleus may derive from being overvalued, or inconsistently socialised, by parents. Narcissism entails intrapersonal benefits, as it can confer psychological health, buffer against adversity, and facilitate performance. But it can also be an interpersonal and societal liability, partly remediable with narcissism-reduction interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantine Sedikides
- Center for Research on Self and Identity, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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Hardaker M, Sedikides C, Tsakanikos E. Hypervigilance to self-threat: Further experimental evidence for the mask model of narcissism. SELF AND IDENTITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2019.1667862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Mota S, Humberg S, Krause S, Fatfouta R, Geukes K, Schröder-Abé M, Back MD. Unmasking Narcissus: A competitive test of existing hypotheses on (agentic, antagonistic, neurotic, and communal) narcissism and (explicit and implicit) self-esteem across 18 samples. SELF AND IDENTITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2019.1620012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Mota
- Department of Psychology, Psychological Assessment and Personality Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sarah Humberg
- Department of Psychology, Psychological Assessment and Personality Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sascha Krause
- Department of Psychology, Personality Psychology and Psychological Assessment, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ramzi Fatfouta
- Department of Psychology, Differential Psychology and Psychological Assessment, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Katharina Geukes
- Department of Psychology, Psychological Assessment and Personality Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michela Schröder-Abé
- Department of Psychology, Differential Psychology and Psychological Assessment, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Mitja D. Back
- Department of Psychology, Psychological Assessment and Personality Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Grandiose and entitled, but still fragile: A network analysis of pathological narcissistic traits. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Parton DM, Ent MR. Vulnerable narcissism predicts greater spiteful punishment of a third-party transgressor. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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March E, McBean T. New evidence shows self-esteem moderates the relationship between narcissism and selfies. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2018.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Potard C, Lignier B, Henry A. Psychometric Properties of a French Version of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory in Young Adults. SWISS JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1024/1421-0185/a000204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. The Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) is widely used in social and personality psychology. The present study validates a French version of the NPI (NPI-Fr) for use with young adults. Respondents (N = 1275, Mage = 21.83, SD = 4.97) completed the NPI and two other convergent measures (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and French version of the Big Five Inventory) for three validation steps. Exploratory factor analyses yielded evidence for a structure with either two (Power/Authority, Exhibitionism/Self-Admiration) or four (Leadership/Authority, Grandiosity/Exhibitionism, Special Person, Exploitativeness/Entitlement) first-order factors for the NPI. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the 33-item four-factor model, with moderate model fit indices (χ2/df = 2.04, RMSEA = .058, CFI = .90, GFI = .85). We found significant positive correlations (r = .11 to .44) with self-esteem, Extraversion, and Openness, and a negative correlation with Neuroticism (r = –.09 to –.21). There was high internal consistency, with a reliability coefficient of α = .73 to .93, while test–retest reliability at 4 weeks was satisfactory. Our results confirm the psychometric quality of the questionnaire for French young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Potard
- Pays de la Loire Psychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Angers, France
| | - Baptiste Lignier
- Psychopathology and Medical Psychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Bourgogne Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Audrey Henry
- Cognition, Health, and Socialization Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
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