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Meneguzzo P, Behrens SC, Pavan C, Toffanin T, Quiros-Ramirez MA, Black MJ, Giel KE, Tenconi E, Favaro A. Exploring weight bias and negative self-evaluation in patients with mood disorders: insights from the BodyTalk Project. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1407474. [PMID: 38873536 PMCID: PMC11169709 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1407474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Negative body image and adverse body self-evaluation represent key psychological constructs within the realm of weight bias (WB), potentially intertwined with the negative self-evaluation characteristic of depressive symptomatology. Although WB encapsulates an implicit form of self-critical assessment, its exploration among people with mood disorders (MD) has been under-investigated. Our primary goal is to comprehensively assess both explicit and implicit WB, seeking to reveal specific dimensions that could interconnect with the symptoms of MDs. Methods A cohort comprising 25 MD patients and 35 demographically matched healthy peers (with 83% female representation) participated in a series of tasks designed to evaluate the congruence between various computer-generated body representations and a spectrum of descriptive adjectives. Our analysis delved into multiple facets of body image evaluation, scrutinizing the associations between different body sizes and emotionally charged adjectives (e.g., active, apple-shaped, attractive). Results No discernible differences emerged concerning body dissatisfaction or the correspondence of different body sizes with varying adjectives. Interestingly, MD patients exhibited a markedly higher tendency to overestimate their body weight (p = 0.011). Explicit WB did not show significant variance between the two groups, but MD participants demonstrated a notable implicit WB within a specific weight rating task for BMI between 18.5 and 25 kg/m2 (p = 0.012). Conclusions Despite the striking similarities in the assessment of participants' body weight, our investigation revealed an implicit WB among individuals grappling with MD. This bias potentially assumes a role in fostering self-directed negative evaluations, shedding light on a previously unexplored facet of the interplay between WB and mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Meneguzzo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Simone C. Behrens
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Chiara Pavan
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Tommaso Toffanin
- Psychiatric Unit, Padua University Hospital, Padova, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - M. Alejandra Quiros-Ramirez
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Tübingen, Germany
- Psychology Department, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Katrin E. Giel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elena Tenconi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Angela Favaro
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Rubinstein RS, Jussim L, Mangracina B, Shaw KM, Yanovsky S, Bennett S. Perceived controllability of group membership does not moderate individuating information effects in implicit person perception. Front Psychol 2024; 15:969382. [PMID: 38840743 PMCID: PMC11150846 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.969382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the effects of counterstereotypic individuating information (i.e., information specific to individual members of stereotyped groups that disconfirms the group stereotype) on biases in explicit person perception are well-established, research shows mixed effects of such information on implicit person perception. The present research tested the overarching hypothesis that, when social group membership is perceived to be under an individual's control, diagnostic individuating information would have lesser effects on implicit person perception than it would when social group membership is perceived not to be under an individual's control. This hypothesis was tested in the domain of implicit attitudinal and stereotype-relevant judgments of individuals who belonged to existing social groups and individuals who belonged to novel social groups. We found that individuating information consistently shifted scores on implicit measures among targets belonging to existing social groups, but not in a theoretically predicted direction among targets belonging to novel social groups. Controllability of group membership did not moderate such effects. Results of implicit and explicit measures were mostly consistent when targets belonged to existing social groups, but mostly inconsistent when targets belonged to novel social groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lee Jussim
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | | | - K. Mackenzie Shaw
- Department of Psychology, Towson University, Towson, MD, United States
| | - Sonia Yanovsky
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Samuel Bennett
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University–St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Cassiani-Miranda CA, Díaz Rincón M, Arroyo-Gamero LA, Giraldo-Barrios LG, Carmona-Meza Z. Weight stigma and allostatic load in adults: protocol for a scoping review. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e076629. [PMID: 38367970 PMCID: PMC10875553 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Weight-related stigma (WS) has been associated with adverse psychosocial and physical health effects. Despite the relationship between WS and allostatic load, there are no integrative reviews of this association. This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the relationship between allostatic load biomarkers associated with WS by identifying gaps in this topic and proposing recommendations for future research. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This protocol was guided by the methodological framework of Arksey and O'Malley and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). The research questions were based on the population-concept-context framework. Studies in adults diagnosed as overweight or obese, exposed to WS and assessing the association between WS and biomarkers of allostatic load will be included. A search will be conducted in Medline (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid), Scopus (Elsevier), Cochrane Library (Wiley) and Google Scholar. The search strategy will be conducted in three stages, based on the JBI recommendation with the MESH terms "Social Stigma," "Weight Prejudice," "Biomarkers," "Allostasis," "Adults" and related terms. Data extraction will be done with a template adapted from JBI. The search strategy and selection process results will be presented in a flow chart and summarised in the text. The main results will be presented in a descriptive synthesis. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics review and approval are not required. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conferences, congresses or symposia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zenen Carmona-Meza
- Universidad de Cartagena Facultad de Medicina, Cartagena de Indias, Bolívar, Colombia
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Gallucci A, Del Mauro L, Pisoni A, Lauro LJR, Mattavelli G. A Systematic Review Of Implicit Attitudes And Their Neural Correlates In Eating Behaviour. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2020; 18:nsaa156. [PMID: 33219691 PMCID: PMC10074774 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaa156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies suggests that implicit attitudes toward food and body shape predict eating behaviour and characterize patients with eating disorders (EDs). However, literature has not been previously analysed, thus differences between patients with EDs and healthy controls and the level of automaticity of the processes involved in implicit attitudes are still matters of debate. The present systematic review aimed to synthetize current evidence from papers investigating implicit attitudes towards food and body in healthy and EDs populations. PubMed, EMBASE (Ovid), PsycINFO, Web of Science and Scopus were systematically screened and 183 studies using different indirect paradigms were included in the qualitative analysis. The majority of studies reported negative attitudes towards overweight/obese body images in healthy and EDs samples and weight bias as a diffuse stereotypical evaluation. Implicit food attitudes are consistently reported as valid predictors of eating behaviour. Few studies on the neurobiological correlates showed neurostimulation effects on implicit attitudes, but the automaticity at brain level of implicit evaluations remains an open area of research. In conclusion, implicit attitudes are relevant measures of eating behaviour in healthy and clinical settings, although evidence about their neural correlates is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Gallucci
- Ph.D. Program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore, 48--20900, Monza, Italy
- NeuroMi (Neuroscience Center), University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1--20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Lilia Del Mauro
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1--20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Pisoni
- NeuroMi (Neuroscience Center), University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1--20126, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1--20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Leonor J Romero Lauro
- NeuroMi (Neuroscience Center), University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1--20126, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1--20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Mattavelli
- NETS, School of Advanced Studies, IUSS, Piazza della Vittoria n.15, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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Grimminger-Seidensticker E, Aceti M, Knobé S, Vieille Marchiset G. Health concepts among socially disadvantaged children in France, Germany and Switzerland. Health Promot Int 2020; 35:17-26. [PMID: 30535045 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/day099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As health concepts develop through exposure to, and experience with particular contexts, and as health concepts influence health behaviour, it is important for actors in health promotion programmes to understand an individual's health concepts. This study focussed on health concepts among socially disadvantaged children in France, Germany, Italy and Switzerland-a hitherto less researched population group. We conducted focus groups with a total of 167 children aged 7-11 years (mean=8.76 years, SD=0.68). The aim of this study was to explore if the life situation across four different countries leads to similar health concepts, and how the particular, national health discourses are reflected in the children's health concepts. The data were analysed through a structured qualitative content analysis and revealed four categories: 'Symbols/symptoms of health/illness', 'Emotionality', 'Healthy/unhealthy practices', and 'Consequences of health problems'. The children's health concepts are linked to concrete events and objects, and they are able to think in logical sequences. However, the children's causal argumentation is uni-dimensional; they do not cover the complexity of the development of health problems. In particular, overweight stands for illness and is exclusively the result of unhealthy practices. In their concepts, the children reflect the national health promotion programme discourses about overweight. They seem to understand the messages of health education as 'behaving well means being healthy'; however, such a health education message initiates accusations of 'unhealthy persons'. In consequence, challenges for sensitive health education programmes (at school) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monica Aceti
- Unit of Movement and Sport Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Boulevard de Pérolles 90, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Knobé
- Laboratory of Sport and Social Sciences (EA 1342), University of Strasbourg, 14 rue René Descartes, Strasbourg, France
| | - Gilles Vieille Marchiset
- Laboratory of Sport and Social Sciences (EA 1342), University of Strasbourg, 14 rue René Descartes, Strasbourg, France
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Bergen M, Mollen D. Teaching Sizeism: Integrating Size into Multicultural Education and Clinical Training. WOMEN & THERAPY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/02703149.2018.1524065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martha Bergen
- Counseling and Psychological Services, Texas Woman’s University, Denton, Texas
| | - Debra Mollen
- Department of Psychology and Philosophy, Texas Woman’s University, Denton, Texas
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Morley BC, Niven PH, Dixon HG, Swanson MG, McAleese AB, Wakefield MA. Controlled cohort evaluation of the LiveLighter mass media campaign's impact on adults' reported consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e019574. [PMID: 29695387 PMCID: PMC5922472 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the LiveLighter 'Sugary Drinks' campaign impact on awareness, knowledge and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption. DESIGN Cohort study with population surveys undertaken in intervention and comparison states at baseline (n=900 each), with 78% retention at follow-up (intervention: n=673; comparison: n=730). Analyses tested interactions by state (intervention, comparison) and time (baseline, follow-up). SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Adults aged 25-49 years residing in the Australian states of Victoria and South Australia. INTERVENTION The 6-week mass media campaign ran in Victoria in October/November 2015. It focused on the contribution of SSBs to the development of visceral 'toxic fat', graphically depicted around vital organs, and ultimately serious disease. Paid television advertising was complemented by radio, cinema, online and social media advertising, and stakeholder and community engagement. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE Self-reported consumption of SSBs, artificially sweetened drinks and water. SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Campaign recall and recognition; knowledge of the health effects of overweight and SSB consumption; perceived impact of SSB consumption on body weight and of reduced consumption on health. RESULTS A significant reduction in frequent SSB consumption was observed in the intervention state (intervention: 31% compared with 22%, comparison: 30% compared with 29%; interaction p<0.01). This was accompanied by evidence of increased water consumption (intervention: 66% compared with 73%; comparison: 68% compared with 67%; interaction p=0.09) among overweight/obese SSB consumers. This group also showed increased knowledge of the health effects of SSB consumption (intervention: 60% compared with 71%, comparison: 63% compared with 59%; interaction p<0.05) and some evidence of increased prevalence of self-referent thoughts about SSB's relationship to weight gain (intervention: 39% compared with 45%, comparison: 43% compared with 38%; interaction p=0.06). CONCLUSIONS The findings provide evidence of reduced SSB consumption among adults in the target age range following the LiveLighter campaign. This is notable in a context where public health campaigns occur against a backdrop of heavy commercial product advertising promoting increased SSB consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda C Morley
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philippa H Niven
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen G Dixon
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maurice G Swanson
- Chief Executive, Heart Foundation (Western Australia), Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alison B McAleese
- Cancer Prevention Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melanie A Wakefield
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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