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Martin S, Strodl E. The relationship between childhood trauma, eating behaviours, and the mediating role of metacognitive beliefs. Appetite 2023; 188:106975. [PMID: 37454578 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Disordered eating poses a significant risk to psychological and physical health. The experience of childhood trauma has been linked to the development of disordered eating behaviours, but the causal psychological mechanisms remain unclear. The metacognitive model holds promise as a potential framework for understanding the mediating psychological processes that explain how childhood trauma may lead to disordered eating. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of metacognitive beliefs mediating the relationship between childhood trauma and disordered eating behaviours. Adults from the Australian community (N = 461) completed an online self-report survey measuring childhood maltreatment (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire - Short Form), disordered eating behaviour (Three Factor Eating Questionnaire - Revised 21), and metacognitive beliefs (Metacognitive Questionnaire 30). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed no independent associations between any forms of childhood maltreatment and cognitive restraint, while childhood emotional abuse was uniquely associated with uncontrolled eating and emotional eating. Through bootstrapping tests, the mediating effect between childhood trauma and uncontrolled and emotional eating consistently involved the metacognitive beliefs that thoughts are uncontrollable and dangerous. Future longitudinal research is required to confirm causal relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Martin
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | - Esben Strodl
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Australia.
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Lucas-Thompson RG, Miller RL, Seiter NS. Dispositional Mindfulness is Cross-Sectionally Predicted by Interactions between Interparental Conflict and Parent-Child Relationships. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021; 172. [PMID: 34483419 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Theory emphasizes the importance of the family environment for the development of dispositional mindfulness, but past research has focused exclusively on parent-child attachment relationships as family-level predictors of mindfulness. Our goal was to examine unique and joint associations of both interparental conflict and parent-child relationship quality with dispositional mindfulness. Participants were 150 youth (14-21 yrs) who reported the warmth and support in their relationships with mothers and fathers separately, as well as their appraisals of the properties of their parents' conflict, how threatening that conflict is, and how responsible for it they feel, in addition to dispositional mindfulness. Results indicated consistent interactions between conflict properties and mother-child relationship quality in relation to dispositional mindfulness. Dispositional mindfulness was lowest for youth who reported low levels of frequent/intense interparental conflict and poor-quality relationships with mothers. In contrast, either self-blame/threat or poor-quality relationships with mothers predicted lower levels of dispositional mindfulness. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel G Lucas-Thompson
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, Colorado State University; 1570 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1570
| | - Reagan L Miller
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, Colorado State University; 1570 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1570
| | - Natasha S Seiter
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, Colorado State University; 1570 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1570
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Dos Santos Kawata KH, Ueno Y, Hashimoto R, Yoshino S, Ohta K, Nishida A, Ando S, Nakatani H, Kasai K, Koike S. Development of Metacognition in Adolescence: The Congruency-Based Metacognition Scale. Front Psychol 2021; 11:565231. [PMID: 33488443 PMCID: PMC7815698 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.565231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previous studies on metacognitive ability were explored using self-report questionnaires that are difficult to adequately measure and evaluate when the capacity for self-reference is undeveloped. This study aimed to validate the Congruency-based Metacognition Scale (CMS) to measure metacognition and the feeling of confidence abilities and to investigate the development of metacognition during adolescence. Methods The CMS was administered to 633 child–parent pairs in Japan (child, mean age = 16.0 years, 46.0% female; parent, mean age = 48.3 years, 94.9% mother). The CMS metacognition score was assessed based on congruency scores between the self-report of the child from a third-person perspective (3PP) and the parent’s report from the first-person perspective (1PP). The CMS self-judgment accuracy score was assessed by the congruency scores between the children’s self-report from the 1PP and 3PP. For both measures, the more distant the 3PP on the self-report was from the 1PP on the parent’s report and child self-report means low ability. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to examine construct validity and then a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used. Criterion validity was examined by calculating Pearson’s correlation coefficients with scores on the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS) and Autism Quotient (AQ). We used intraclass correlation and Cronbach’s alpha to examine the test–retest and internal consistency reliability. Results Based on the results of the EFA and CFA, we adopted one factor structure with five items. The CMS metacognition and CMS self-judgment accuracy showed evidence criterion validity, exhibiting significant correlations with the BCIS self-reflectiveness (r = 0.16) and self-certainty scores (r = 0.17), respectively. Regarding to the AQ, only the CMS metacognition score had significant correlations with the social skills (r = 0.22) and total scale score (r = 0.20). The test–retest reliability showed adequate (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.70–0.81 and the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient 0.63–0.59). Adolescents were found to have significantly lower metacognitive ability compared to young adults. Conclusion CMS could be a valid and reliable measure to examine metacognitive abilities for adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuki Ueno
- Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Advanced School Education and Evidence-based Research (CASEER), Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Hashimoto
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Language Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Center for Language, Brain and Genetics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Yoshino
- Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Letters, Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazusa Ohta
- Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishida
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Ando
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Nakatani
- Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Information Media Technology, School of Information and Telecommunication Engineering, Tokai University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,UTokyo Institute for Diversity & Adaptation of Human Mind (UTIDAHM), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,The International Research Center for Neurointelligence (IRCN), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,UTokyo Center for Integrative Science of Human Behaviour (CiSHuB), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Koike
- Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,UTokyo Institute for Diversity & Adaptation of Human Mind (UTIDAHM), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,The International Research Center for Neurointelligence (IRCN), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,UTokyo Center for Integrative Science of Human Behaviour (CiSHuB), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Brosnan T, Kolubinski DC, Spada MM. Parenting styles and metacognitions as predictors of cannabis use. Addict Behav Rep 2020; 11:100259. [PMID: 32467848 PMCID: PMC7244916 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
First study to investigate metacognitions in cannabis use. Negative affect, parenting styles and metacognitions were correlated with cannabis use. Coercive authoritarian parenting style and cognitive confidence predicted cannabis use.
Metacognitions, the beliefs held about internal mental processes and the strategies aimed at controlling such processes, are known to play a significant role in the development and maintenance of addictive behaviours. Specifically, lack of cognitive confidence and beliefs about the need to control thoughts have been implicated across addictive behaviours. No research to date, though, has explored the role of metacognitions in cannabis use. Research has also shown that an authoritarian parenting style (where a parent uncompromisingly enforces their own ideas regardless of the will of the child) may be correlated with addictive behaviours. However very limited research has investigated the role of parenting styles in cannabis use. In the current study we aimed to investigate the relative contribution of parenting styles and metacognitions to cannabis use. A sample of 85 participants completed a series of online questionnaires, measuring negative affect, parenting styles, metacognitions and cannabis use. Spearman correlations indicated that cannabis use was positively correlated with each of the metacognitions and both permissive and authoritarian parenting styles. Regression analyses demonstrated that a combination of the physically coercive aspects of the authoritarian parental style and lack of cognitive confidence predicted cannabis use when controlling for negative affect. The implications of the current findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Brosnan
- Division of Psychology, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, UK
| | - Daniel C Kolubinski
- Division of Psychology, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, UK
| | - Marcantonio M Spada
- Division of Psychology, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, UK
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