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Cross K, Batey MD, Denovan A, Dagnall N, Powell D. Hitting boundaries: Contract type, playing experience, non-cognitive skills, and sport anxiety in elite women cricketers. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0308281. [PMID: 39121040 PMCID: PMC11315286 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper examined the psychological impact of contextual influences (i.e., contract type and playing experience) on sport anxiety in elite women cricketers participating in The Hundred. A sample of 71 elite female cricketers playing during the 2021-2022 season took part. Forty-nine of the sample (69%) held professional contracts, and 22 (31%) had yet to sign a professional contract. Participants provided details about their contract type and playing experience and completed self-report measures assessing sport anxiety, mental toughness, and general self-efficacy. Since mental toughness and self-efficacy are non-cognitive constructs, which buffer competitive trait anxiety, analysis controlled for these variables. Multivariate analyses of covariance examined sport anxiety scores among participants in relation to Hundred matches played (either 0, 1-10, or more than 10) and contract type (whether participants had a professional contract in place or not). Subfactors of Worry, Somatic, and Confusion assessed sports anxiety. No significant main effects existed. However, alongside a significant interaction, a covariate mental toughness effect occurred. Examination of the interaction revealed Worry scores were lower in cricketers who were yet to play a Hundred match who had not received a professional contract. Furthermore, Worry and Somatic scores were higher in cricketers that had played more than 10 Hundred matches and had not received a professional contract. These findings have important implications for the development of elite women cricketers. Particularly, they highlight the need to differentially support players through their career progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Cross
- England and Wales Cricket Board, Lord’s Cricket Ground, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Daniel Batey
- Department of People & Performance, Manchester Metropolitan University Business School, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Denovan
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Dagnall
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Powell
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Hoult A, Mansell P, Slater MJ. The Influence of a Reflective Identity Leadership Intervention on Perceived Identity Leadership, Social Identity, and Psychological Safety in Cricket. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:655. [PMID: 39199051 PMCID: PMC11351738 DOI: 10.3390/bs14080655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of an identity leadership-framed reflective practice intervention on perceptions of leadership, social identity, and psychological safety in cricket. Building on previous evidence, an eight-week design included three intervention group coaches and their athletes (n = 32) and three control group coaches and their athletes (n = 34). Measurements of perceived coach identity leadership, social identity, and psychological safety were completed by cricket athletes at week 0 and week 8 for both groups. Intervention group coaches completed three identity leadership-framed reflective tasks in weeks one, three, and five, while the control group coaches continued their regular practices. Controlling for baseline scores, our analysis indicated that compared to the control group, the intervention group athletes reported significantly greater coach identity leadership behaviours, social identity, and psychological safety following the intervention. Social validation data highlighted shared identity, relationships, and learning as potential mechanisms for the positive results seen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthew J. Slater
- Centre for Applied Psychology and Performance, Staffordshire University, Leek Road, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 2DF, UK; (A.H.); (P.M.)
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Learning From Highly Effective Teams: What Can We Apply to the Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit Team? ACG Case Rep J 2022; 9:e00745. [PMID: 35233431 PMCID: PMC8878726 DOI: 10.14309/crj.0000000000000745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Boulter MW, Hardy J, Roberts R, Woodman T. Bulls in a China Shop: Narcissism, Intragroup Conflict, and Task Cohesion. JOURNAL OF SPORT & EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 44:23-34. [PMID: 34861652 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2021-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
When given opportunities for personal glory in individual settings, people high in narcissism excel. However, less is known about narcissists' influence in team contexts. Across two studies (utilizing cross-sectional and two-wave longitudinal designs) involving 706 athletes from 68 teams in total, we tested a conceptual model linking narcissism to task cohesion, via intragroup conflict, moderated by narcissistic group composition. We tested a new sports-oriented measure of intragroup conflict using Bayesian estimation and evaluated our theorizing using a multilevel conditional indirect effect hybrid model. Across both studies, we found that narcissism influenced perceptions of task cohesion via process conflict only, with a negative influence at low narcissistic group composition that was weakened (Study 1) or nullified (Study 2) at high narcissistic team composition. Collectively, these findings offer the first example of how narcissism influences task cohesion in team settings and the contextual effects of narcissistic group composition.
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Roberts GA, Arnold R, Gillison F, Colclough M, Bilzon J. Military veteran athletes' experiences of competing at the 2016 Invictus Games: a qualitative study. Disabil Rehabil 2020; 43:3552-3561. [PMID: 32078401 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2020.1725655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Previous research has championed sport as a form of recovery for military veterans. Nevertheless, there is a lack of research on military veterans' experiences of international sporting competitions. The aim of this study was to explore military veterans' experiences of participation at the 2016 Invictus Games.Methods: Fifteen military veterans (10 male, 5 female) who participated in the 2016 Invictus Games were recruited. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore experiences pre, during, and post-competition, and analyzed using applied thematic analysis.Results: Three overarching themes were identified: Sources of motivation consisted of a range of veteran specific motives for getting involved with and continuing participation with the Games. Team and culture stressors encapsulated organizational demands related to the attitudes and behaviors of a sports team operating within the context of the Invictus Games. Impact of the games comprised veterans' perceptions of positive and negative consequences of being involved with the Games.Conclusions: The study provides insight into the multitude of motives military veterans have for engaging in sport, whilst also demonstrating the novel organizational demands that veteran athletes encounter. The findings also offer preliminary insight regarding the impact of the Games and the potential for psychoeducation program implementation to support athletes post-Games.Implications for RehabilitationThe Invictus Games were created for military veterans to use the power of sport to inspire recovery, support rehabilitation, and generate wider understanding and respect.Findings highlight that military veterans have unique motives to compete at the Invictus Games, including "reconnection with previously military life" and "being a role model".Whilst veterans encounter team and culture organizational stressors while competing, they share similar post-Games experiences to full-time athletes, including the concept of "post-games blues".Experiences shared by military veterans at the Invictus Games can aid in the promotion of sport as a viable form of recovery.Primary and secondary stress management strategies should be implemented with military veterans to reduce organizational stressors and their responses to them.Psychoeducation programmes should be introduced pre-Games to better prepare military veterans for their post-Games experience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - James Bilzon
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
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Castro-Sánchez M, Zurita-Ortega F, Ubago-Jiménez JL, González-Valero G, García-Mármol E, Chacón-Cuberos R. Relationships between Anxiety, Emotional Intelligence, and Motivational Climate among Adolescent Football Players. Sports (Basel) 2019; 7:E34. [PMID: 30717251 PMCID: PMC6409893 DOI: 10.3390/sports7020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotional and motivational factors are fundamental in the context of sport, as they directly relate to sports performance and anxiety. METHODS The present study aimed to analyze the relationships between motivational climate (MC), emotional intelligence (EI), and anxiety within a sample of footballers playing at a low level. The sample was composed of 282 registered football players aged between 16 and 18 years old (16.96 ± 0.77), playing in the lower tier in the province of Jaen (Spain). Data were self-reported, with participants responding to the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire (PMCSQ-2), the Schutte Self-Report Inventory (SSRI), and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). RESULTS The results showed that footballers who reported higher levels of state anxiety and trait anxiety also demonstrated lower EI and more negatively perceived and regulated their emotions. Moreover, an ego-oriented climate was associated with higher levels of anxiety, while a task-oriented climate was related to lower levels of anxiety and higher levels of EI. No relationship was identified between the emotional aspects of young footballers and holding a motivational orientation toward an ego climate. CONCLUSIONS Football players who more greatly perceived a task-oriented climate had higher EI and usually reported lower levels of anxiety related to sport performance. It is therefore important to promote intrinsic motivations and develop the capacity of footballers to regulate their own emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Castro-Sánchez
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain; (M.C.-S.); (F.Z.-O.); (J.L.U.-J.); (G.G.-V.)
| | - Félix Zurita-Ortega
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain; (M.C.-S.); (F.Z.-O.); (J.L.U.-J.); (G.G.-V.)
| | - José Luis Ubago-Jiménez
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain; (M.C.-S.); (F.Z.-O.); (J.L.U.-J.); (G.G.-V.)
| | - Gabriel González-Valero
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain; (M.C.-S.); (F.Z.-O.); (J.L.U.-J.); (G.G.-V.)
| | - Eduardo García-Mármol
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain;
| | - Ramón Chacón-Cuberos
- Department of Research and Diagnosis Methods in Education, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
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Sukys S, Tilindienė I, Cesnaitiene VJ, Kreivyte R. Does Emotional Intelligence Predict Athletes' Motivation to Participate in Sports? Percept Mot Skills 2019; 126:305-322. [PMID: 30665338 DOI: 10.1177/0031512518825201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and successful athletic performance has been previously recognized, but there remains a need to investigate how EI impacts athletes' sports motivation. This cross-sectional study investigated how different EI dimensions related to athletes' motivation among 239 adult basketball players (129 females) aged 18-34 years. Our research participants completed questionnaires that included the self-reported Emotional Intelligence Scale and Sport Motivation Scale II. We found significant correlations between total EI and intrinsic, integrated, identified, and introjected regulation. Higher EI was negatively related to athletes' amotivation. More specifically, the self-reported abilities to perceive emotion and manage others' emotions were significantly related to intrinsic, integrated, and identified regulation, and only managing one's own emotions negatively related to athletes' amotivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saulius Sukys
- 1 Department of Health, Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ilona Tilindienė
- 1 Department of Health, Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vida Janina Cesnaitiene
- 1 Department of Health, Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Kreivyte
- 2 Department of Coaching Science, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Emotional Intelligence, Motivational Climate and Levels of Anxiety in Athletes from Different Categories of Sports: Analysis through Structural Equations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15050894. [PMID: 29724008 PMCID: PMC5981933 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15050894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Psychological factors can strongly affect the athletes’ performance. Therefore, currently the role of the sports psychologist is particularly relevant, being in charge of training the athlete’s psychological factors. This study aims at analysing the connections between motivational climate in sport, anxiety and emotional intelligence depending on the type of sport practised (individual/team) by means of a multigroup structural equations analysis. (2) 372 semi-professional Spanish athletes took part in this investigation, analysing motivational climate (PMCSQ-2), emotional intelligence (SSRI) and levels of anxiety (STAI). A model of multigroup structural equations was carried out which fitted accordingly (χ² = 586.77; df = 6.37; p < 0.001; Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.951; Normed Fit Index (NFI) = 0.938; Incremental Fit Index (IFI) = 0.947; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.069). (3) Results: A negative and direct connection has been found between ego oriented climate and task oriented climate, which is stronger and more differentiated in team sports. The most influential indicator in ego oriented climate is intra-group rivalry, exerting greater influence in individual sports. For task-oriented climate the strongest indicator is having an important role in individual sports, while in team sports it is cooperative learning. Emotional intelligence dimensions correlate more strongly in team sports than in individual sports. In addition, there was a negative and indirect relation between task oriented climate and trait-anxiety in both categories of sports. (4) Conclusions: This study shows how the task-oriented motivational climate or certain levels of emotional intelligence can act preventively in the face of anxiety states in athletes. Therefore, the development of these psychological factors could prevent anxiety states and improve performance in athletes.
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McEwan D, Zumbo BD, Eys MA, Beauchamp MR. The Development and Psychometric Properties of the Multidimensional Assessment of Teamwork in Sport. JOURNAL OF SPORT & EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 40:60-72. [PMID: 29785860 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2017-0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to develop a questionnaire to assess the multidimensional construct of teamwork in sport and to examine various aspects of validity related to that instrument. A preliminary questionnaire was first created, and feedback on this instrument was then obtained from a sample of team-sport athletes (n = 30) and experts in sport psychology (n = 8). A modified version of the questionnaire was then completed by 607 athletes from 48 teams, and 5 multilevel confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to examine the structural properties of data derived from this instrument. Evidence of adequate model-data fit along with measurement reliability was obtained for each of the 5 models. Taken together, the results from this research provide support for the content, substantive, and structural aspects of construct validity for data derived from the 66-item Multidimensional Assessment of Teamwork in Sport.
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