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Liu P, Zhao Y, Fan H, Wu Y, Liu L, Zhang J, Li D, Tan Y, Wang Z, Tan S. Behavioral and electrophysiological analyses of self-referential neural processing in major depressive disorder. Asian J Psychiatr 2023; 79:103401. [PMID: 36516650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive theories suggest that patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) constantly negatively evaluate their self-referential information. Unlike Westerners with an independent self, self-representation is strongly influenced by cultural differences; the Chinese self may include others (interdependent self). This study uses a self-referential effect task combined with event-related potentials (ERP), and 34 patients with MDD and 54 healthy controls (HC) were asked to judge whether an adjective was suitable for describing the self, mother, or a public person, followed by an unexpected recognition task. They were required to judge whether a word was presented during the encoding phase. The results reveal that during the encoding phase, for both self- and mother-referential adjectives, patients with MDD endorsed fewer positive adjectives and more negative adjectives than the HCs. During the recognition phase, both groups showed a typical task effect (self = mother > other), while patients recognized more self-referential adjectives than the HCs. ERP data reveal that patients with MDD show larger P2 amplitudes during the encoding stage than healthy individuals. During the recognition phase, negative adjectives evoked larger P2 amplitudes in patients than in HCs under the self-referential condition. These findings shed important light on the information processes that may contribute to our understanding of depression and may offer implications for clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panqi Liu
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, China
| | - Hongzhen Fan
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, China
| | - Yaxue Wu
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, China
| | - Jingguo Zhang
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, China
| | - Dong Li
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, China
| | - Yunlong Tan
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, China
| | - Zhiren Wang
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, China
| | - Shuping Tan
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, China.
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Prieto A, Peinado V, Mayas J. Does perceptual grouping improve visuospatial working memory? Optimized processing or encoding bias. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2022; 86:1297-1309. [PMID: 34236493 PMCID: PMC9090850 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-021-01555-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Visual working memory has been defined as a system of limited capacity that enables the maintenance and manipulation of visual information. However, some perceptual features like Gestalt grouping could improve visual working memory effectiveness. In two different experiments, we aimed to explore how the presence of elements grouped by color similarity affects the change detection performance of both, grouped and non-grouped items. We combined a change detection task with a retrocue paradigm in which a six item array had to be remembered. An always valid, variable-delay retrocue appeared in some trials during the retention interval, either after 100 ms (iconic-trace period) or 1400 ms (working memory period), signaling the location of the probe. The results indicated that similarity grouping biased the information entered into the visual working memory, improving change detection accuracy only for previously grouped probes, but hindering change detection for non-grouped probes in certain conditions (Exp. 1). However, this bottom-up automatic encoding bias was overridden when participants were explicitly instructed to ignore grouped items as they were irrelevant for the task (Exp. 2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Prieto
- Department of Basic Psychology I, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, C/Juan del Rosal, 10, 28040, Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Vanesa Peinado
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Clinical Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Campus Somosaguas, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón , Madrid, Spain.
| | - Julia Mayas
- Department of Basic Psychology II, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, C/Juan del Rosal, 10, 28040, Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Xia R, Shao H, Cui L, Zhang P, Xue J, Zhou A, Li S. Evidence for self-positivity bias in a subliminal self-cue: An event-related potential study. Neurosci Lett 2021; 744:135625. [PMID: 33421488 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies studies indicate that individuals tend to integrate positive information into their self-concept. However, whether such self-positivity bias would still be observed without an explicit self-related cue is unknown. In the present study, 29 participants were asked to evaluate a series of positive and negative trait adjectives, after the participants were presented with their own name or another name subliminally. During the task, their electroencephalograms were recorded. The results showed participants responded faster to positive traits than to negative traits in the self-name cue conditions. In addition, both the latencies and the amplitudes of the N400 showed significant interaction between name-cue and valence in N400 (240-440 ms) amplitudes. The earlier N400 latencies and smaller N400 amplitudes were associated with positive traits in the self-name cue. These results suggested that the self-positivity bias can also be observed in a subliminally presenting self-cue, indicating the robustness of self-positivity bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Xia
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Behavioral and Mental Health of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Honghong Shao
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Behavioral and Mental Health of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lili Cui
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Behavioral and Mental Health of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peiying Zhang
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Behavioral and Mental Health of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junwei Xue
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Behavioral and Mental Health of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Aibao Zhou
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Behavioral and Mental Health of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shifeng Li
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Behavioral and Mental Health of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China.
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Baldassi G, Murgia M, Prpic V, Rigutti S, Domijan D, Agostini T, Fantoni C. Large as being on top of the world and small as hitting the roof: a common magnitude representation for the comparison of emotions and numbers. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2020; 85:1272-1291. [PMID: 32166368 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-020-01306-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Previous work on the direct speed-intensity association (SIA) on comparative judgement tasks involved spatially distributed responses over spatially distributed stimuli with high motivational significance like facial expressions of emotions. This raises the possibility that the inferred stimulus-driven regulation of lateralized motor reactivity described by SIA, which was against the one expected on the basis of a valence-specific lateral bias, was entirely due to attentional capture from motivational significance (beyond numerical cognition). In order to establish the relevance of numerical cognition on the regulation of attentional capture we ran two complementary experiments. These involved the same direct comparison task on stimulus pairs that were fully comparable in terms of their analog representation of intensity but with different representational domain and motivational significance: symbolic magnitudes with low motivational significance in experiment 1 vs. emotions with rather high motivational significance in experiment 2. The results reveal a general SIA and point to a general mechanism regulating comparative judgements. This is based on the way spatial attention is captured toward locations that contain the stimulus which is closest in term of relative intensity to the extremal values of the series, regardless from its representational domain being it symbolic or emotional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Baldassi
- Department of Life Sciences, Psychology Unit "Gaetano Kanizsa", University of Trieste, Via E. Weiss 21, 34128, Trieste, Italy
| | - Mauro Murgia
- Department of Life Sciences, Psychology Unit "Gaetano Kanizsa", University of Trieste, Via E. Weiss 21, 34128, Trieste, Italy
| | - Valter Prpic
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Institute for Psychological Science, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Sara Rigutti
- Department of Life Sciences, Psychology Unit "Gaetano Kanizsa", University of Trieste, Via E. Weiss 21, 34128, Trieste, Italy
| | - Dražen Domijan
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Rijeka, Sveucilisna avenija 4, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Tiziano Agostini
- Department of Life Sciences, Psychology Unit "Gaetano Kanizsa", University of Trieste, Via E. Weiss 21, 34128, Trieste, Italy
| | - Carlo Fantoni
- Department of Life Sciences, Psychology Unit "Gaetano Kanizsa", University of Trieste, Via E. Weiss 21, 34128, Trieste, Italy.
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