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Salamat M, Moradi A, Hasani J, Farahimanesh S, Ayatmehr F, Yavarzadeh H, Jobson L. Exploring the efficacy of memory specificity training on depression among Iranian adolescents: a comparative analysis of online vs. in-person delivery. Sci Rep 2024; 14:22412. [PMID: 39341800 PMCID: PMC11438878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68709-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Depression in adolescence is common worldwide, with the burden being highest in low- and middle-income countries. This study assessed the efficacy of in-person Memory Specificity Training (MeST) and computerized MeST (c-MeST) as cognitive training programs aimed at addressing depression among Iranian adolescents. A secondary aim was to evaluate the efficacy of MeST and c-MeST on autobiographical memory specificity, emotion regulation and cognitive control. Ninety Iranian male adolescents (aged 13-18 years) with depression were randomly assigned to three groups; MeST group (n = 30), c-MeST group (n = 30) and the non-active control group (n = 30). Participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II, Autobiographical Memory Test, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and Stroop Color and Word Test. The groups underwent either MeST and c-MeST. All the assessments were re-conducted after the intervention (post-intervention) and at 1-month post-intervention (follow-up). The in-person MeST group exhibited significantly higher autobiographical memory specificity at post-intervention and follow-up compared to the c-MeST group. Both groups demonstrated significantly lower levels of depression at post-intervention and follow-up. Both groups showed improvements in emotion regulation and cognitive control, which were found to mediate improvements in depression symptomatology. c-MeST and MeST appear promising brief interventions for the treatment of depression among adolescents in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Salamat
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Moradi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Kharazmi University and Institute for Cognitive Sciences Studies, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Jafar Hasani
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sharareh Farahimanesh
- Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fateme Ayatmehr
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Yavarzadeh
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Laura Jobson
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, 3800, Australia
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2
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Gillard J, Werner-Seidler A, Dalgleish T, Stretton J. Script-driven imagery of socially salient autobiographical memories in major depressive disorder. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14577. [PMID: 37666926 PMCID: PMC10477266 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41486-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cues of social rejection and affiliation represent proximal risk and protective factors in the onset and maintenance of depression. Such cues are thought to activate an evolutionarily primed neuro-cognitive alarm system, alerting the agent to the benefits of inclusion or the risk of social exclusion within social hierarchies focused on ensuring continued access to resources. In tandem, autobiographical memory is thought to be over-general and negatively biased in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) which can contribute to maintenance and relapse. How memories of social rejection and affiliation are experienced and processed in MDD remains unexplored. Eighteen participants with recurrent and chronic MDD and 18 never-depressed controls listened to and vividly revisited autobiographical social experiences in an ecologically valid script-driven imagery paradigm using naturalistic memory narratives in an fMRI paradigm. Memories of Social Inclusion and Social Rejection broadly activated a common network of regions including the bilateral insula, thalamus and pre/postcentral gyrus across both groups. However, having a diagnosis of MDD was associated with an increased activation of the right middle frontal gyrus irrespective of memory type. Changes in positive affect were associated with activity in the dorsal ACC in the MDD group and in the insular cortex of the Control group. Our findings add to the evidence for complex representations for both positive and negative social signals in MDD and suggest neural sensitivity in MDD towards any socially salient information as opposed to selective sensitivity towards negative social experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tim Dalgleish
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge, CB2 7EF, UK
| | - Jason Stretton
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge, CB2 7EF, UK.
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3
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Gentsch A, Kuehn E. Clinical Manifestations of Body Memories: The Impact of Past Bodily Experiences on Mental Health. Brain Sci 2022; 12:594. [PMID: 35624981 PMCID: PMC9138975 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12050594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Bodily experiences such as the feeling of touch, pain or inner signals of the body are deeply emotional and activate brain networks that mediate their perception and higher-order processing. While the ad hoc perception of bodily signals and their influence on behavior is empirically well studied, there is a knowledge gap on how we store and retrieve bodily experiences that we perceived in the past, and how this influences our everyday life. Here, we explore the hypothesis that negative body memories, that is, negative bodily experiences of the past that are stored in memory and influence behavior, contribute to the development of somatic manifestations of mental health problems including somatic symptoms, traumatic re-experiences or dissociative symptoms. By combining knowledge from the areas of cognitive neuroscience and clinical neuroscience with insights from psychotherapy, we identify Clinical Body Memory (CBM) mechanisms that specify how mental health problems could be driven by corporeal experiences stored in memory. The major argument is that the investigation of the neuronal mechanisms that underlie the storage and retrieval of body memories provides us with empirical access to reduce the negative impact of body memories on mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Gentsch
- Department of Psychology, General and Experimental Psychology, LMU Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany;
- Institute for Psychoanalysis, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (IPB), 10557 Berlin, Germany
| | - Esther Kuehn
- Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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4
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Gandolphe MC, Nandrino JL, Hendrickx M, Willem C, Cottencin O, Gérardin P, Guardia D, Buttitta M, Zanini V, Dodin V. Specificity and wealth of autobiographical memories in restrictive and mixed anorexic patients. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256959. [PMID: 34506532 PMCID: PMC8432787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The reduced specificity of positive and negative autobiographical memories observed in anorexic (AN) patients may reflect a global disturbance in their emotional information processing. However, their emotional difficulties may differ according to the subtype of AN, implying possible differences in the manifestation of autobiographical memory impairments. The aims of the study were (1) to confirm the autobiographical memory deficits in AN patients in terms of specificity and wealth of memories, and (2) to compare autobiographical deficits according to the AN subtype: restrictive type (AR) or binge/purging type (AB). Ninety-five non-clinical (NC) individuals and 95 AN patients including 69 AR and 22 AB patients were administered the Williams' and Scott's Autobiographical Memory Test. The results confirmed a lack of specificity regardless of emotional valence in the overall AN patient group without any distinction of subtype, which was linked to the number of hospitalizations. When the AN subtype was considered, AR patients demonstrated reduced specificity for negative memories only, suggesting differences in emotional functioning or in the mechanisms underlying reduced specificity between AR and AB patients. Furthermore, the overall AN group demonstrated lower variability and complexity in their memory content than the NC group. However, this difference in the complexity of recalled memories was only found in response to negative cues. When AN subtypes were considered, AR patients showed fewer complex memories than NC individuals. Beyond a reduced specificity, AN patients also depict a poverty in the range of event recall and a difficulty in developing narrative content. The clinical implications of such autobiographical memory deficits need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Charlotte Gandolphe
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193—SCALab—Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000, Lille, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Jean-Louis Nandrino
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193—SCALab—Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Marion Hendrickx
- GHICL Service de Psychiatrie, Hôpital Saint-Vincent de Paul, Lille, France
| | - Clémence Willem
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193—SCALab—Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000, Lille, France
- Lille Catholic Hospital, Delegation for Clinical Research and Innovation, Lille, France
| | - Olivier Cottencin
- Service d’Addictologie, Hôpital Fontan 2, CHRU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Priscille Gérardin
- Service de Psychiatrie de l’Enfant et de l’Adolescent, CHU de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Dewi Guardia
- Clinique Lautréamont, Service de Psychiatrie de l’Adolescent, Loos, France
| | - Marie Buttitta
- Lille Catholic Hospital, Delegation for Clinical Research and Innovation, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, PSITEC Lab EA 4072, Lille, France
| | - Virginie Zanini
- Service de Psychiatrie de l’Enfant et de l’Adolescent, CHU de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Vincent Dodin
- GHICL Service de Psychiatrie, Hôpital Saint-Vincent de Paul, Lille, France
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5
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Rahman N, Brown AD. Mental Time Travel in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Current Gaps and Future Directions. Front Psychol 2021; 12:624707. [PMID: 33767647 PMCID: PMC7985348 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.624707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Rahman
- Department of Psychology, The New School for Social Research, New York, NY, United States
| | - Adam D. Brown
- Department of Psychology, The New School for Social Research, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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6
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Quenstedt SR, Sucher JN, Pfeffer KA, Hart R, Brown AD. Autobiographical Memory and Future Thinking Specificity and Content in Chronic Pain. Front Psychol 2021; 11:624187. [PMID: 33510697 PMCID: PMC7835412 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.624187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is associated with high levels of mental health issues and alterations in cognitive processing. Cognitive-behavioral models illustrate the role of memory alterations (e.g., autobiographical memory and future thinking) in the development and maintenance of chronic pain as well as in mental health disorders which frequently co-occur with chronic pain (e.g., anxiety and mood disorders). This study aims to expand our understanding of specific cognitive mechanisms underlying chronic pain which may in turn shed light on cognitive processes underlying pain-related psychological distress. Individuals (N = 84) who reported a history of chronic pain and individuals who reported no history of chronic pain (N = 102) were recruited from MTurk to complete an online survey including standardized measures of anxiety and depression and two sentence completion tasks that assessed autobiographical memory and future thinking specificity and content. Chi square analyses revealed that participants who endorsed experiencing chronic pain were significantly more likely to recall at least one painful and negative event and to imagine at least one anticipated painful event in their future. Two ANCOVAs were performed to examine the degree to which chronic pain endorsement influenced specificity in memory and future imagining. Individuals with a history of chronic pain and higher levels of depression symptom severity generated autobiographical memories with significantly less specificity; whereas, individuals with a history of chronic pain also generated future autobiographical events with significantly less specificity. In addition, individuals with a history of chronic pain were more likely to generate episodes related to pain when asked to recall the past or imagine the future. Further research is needed to improve our understanding of the etiology of autobiographical memory and future thinking specificity and content in the pathogenesis of mental health conditions in the context of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella R Quenstedt
- Department of Psychology, The New School for Social Research, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jillian N Sucher
- Department of Psychology, The New School for Social Research, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kendall A Pfeffer
- Department of Psychology, The New School for Social Research, New York, NY, United States
| | - Roland Hart
- Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Adam D Brown
- Department of Psychology, The New School for Social Research, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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7
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Brunette AM, Schacter DL. Cognitive mechanisms of episodic simulation in psychiatric populations. Behav Res Ther 2020; 136:103778. [PMID: 33338778 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2020.103778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Episodic simulation is the construction of a mental representation of a specific autobiographical future event. Episodic simulation has increasingly been studied in psychiatric populations. Here we 1) review evidence indicating that episodic simulation is compromised in patients with depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and PTSD; and 2) consider several potential cognitive mechanisms of episodic simulation in psychiatric populations: episodic retrieval, scene construction, mental imagery, components of the CaRFAX model (i.e., capture and rumination, functional avoidance, and executive functioning), and narrative style. We evaluate evidence regarding these mechanisms across psychiatric populations, and identify areas of future research. Understanding the factors that contribute to episodic simulation impairment in psychiatric populations may lead to targeted and effective treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Brunette
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Psychology Service, 150 South Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02130, United States.
| | - Daniel L Schacter
- Harvard University, Department of Psychology, William James Hall, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, United States.
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8
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Comparing the Efficacy of Competitive Memory Training (COMET) and MEmory Specificity Training (MEST) on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Newly Diagnosed Cancer Patients. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-020-10175-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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9
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Farina FR, Greene CM. Examining the effects of memory specificity and perceptual load on susceptibility to misleading information. APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.3669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca R. Farina
- School of Psychology University College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Ciara M. Greene
- School of Psychology University College Dublin Dublin Ireland
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10
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Madore KP, Jing HG, Schacter DL. Episodic specificity induction and scene construction: Evidence for an event construction account. Conscious Cogn 2018; 68:1-11. [PMID: 30576961 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Research has suggested that an episodic specificity induction (ESI)- training in recollecting details of a past event- impacts subsequent memory, imagination, problem solving, and creativity. We have hypothesized that induction effects may be attributable to event construction- the assembly and maintenance of a mental scenario filled with setting, people, and action details. We examine whether ESI impacts metrics of event detail in a standard scene construction task, which is a paradigm focused on the spatial integrity of a mental scenario and the stage upon or setting in which such a scenario occurs. Relative to a control, ESI significantly increased details generated across all categories of event detail in scene construction, including spatial references, entities present, sensory descriptions, and thoughts/emotions/actions. ESI did not influence scores on the Spatial Coherence Index, a critical measure of spatial processing. These findings inform theoretical and functional accounts of the nature and malleability of constructive retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Madore
- Stanford University, Dept. of Psychology, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Helen G Jing
- Harvard University, Dept. of Psychology, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Daniel L Schacter
- Harvard University, Dept. of Psychology, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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