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Chen R, Hu Y, Shi HF, Fang Y, Fan CY. Perceived chronic social adversity and cyberbullying perpetration among adolescents: the mediating role of rumination and moderating role of mindfulness. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1376347. [PMID: 38903464 PMCID: PMC11187755 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1376347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds The prevalence of cyberbullying has brought about many adverse effects on adolescents' mental health. Although current studies have shown that perceived chronic social adversity (PCSA) is closely related to cyberbullying perpetration among adolescents, the underlying mechanism of the relationship between the two remains relatively unclear. This study investigated the association of PCSA, rumination, mindfulness, and cyberbullying perpetration among adolescents, building upon the general strain theory, the general aggressive model, and the limited resource of self-control theory. Methods A sample of 477 Chinese high school students (M age = 15.84 years, SD age = 0.67, 49.69% female) completed the Perceived Chronic Social Adversity Questionnaire, the Ruminative Responses Scale, the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure, and the cyberbullying subscale of the Revised Cyber Bullying Inventory. The current study constructed a moderated mediation model to examine the relationship between PCSA and cyberbullying perpetration among adolescents and assessed the mediating role of rumination and the moderating role of mindfulness. Results The results revealed a significant positive correlation between PCSA and cyberbullying perpetration. Rumination mediated the relationship between PCSA and cyberbullying perpetration, whereas mindfulness moderated the latter half of the mediation pathway. Specifically, compared to adolescents with higher mindfulness, the association between rumination and cyberbullying perpetration is greater for adolescents with lower mindfulness. Conclusion The results further deepen our understanding of the mechanisms linking subjective perception of negative life events and cyberbullying perpetration among adolescents from the interaction of multiple factors, thus providing a basis for future interventions to encourage adolescents to properly cope with social adversity and promote positive mental health to reduce the risk of cyberbullying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- School of Medical Humanities, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- School of Preschool Education, Hubei Preschool Teachers College, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui-fen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Cui-ying Fan
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
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Ismail A, Alamri O, Hassan AA, Hafiz A, Othman M, Atallah D, Dewan MF. Internet addiction among school adolescents in Jeddah-Saudi Arabia. J Egypt Public Health Assoc 2024; 99:11. [PMID: 38797806 PMCID: PMC11128414 DOI: 10.1186/s42506-024-00157-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internet addiction is increasing among adolescents worldwide. There is a lack of research assessing internet addiction and factors contributing to it among adolescents in Jeddah city. The current study aimed to assess the rate of internet addiction among adolescents in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, and the potential factors associated with it. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey, hosted by SurveyMonkey, was used to capture data on internet use from 462 adolescents aged 12-18 years between March and May 2022. Young's Internet Addiction Scale was used to assess the degree of internet addiction as perceived by adolescents. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify possible predictors of internet addiction among adolescents in Jeddah. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 15.5 ± 1.9 years. The majority were females (75%) from public schools (63%), spent an average of six hours on the internet daily, owned smartphones (98%), accessed the internet via a smartphone (94%), and used the internet for socializing (82%). Internet addiction mean score was 39.20 ± 15.20 out of 100. More than two-thirds of the participants had mild to moderate levels of internet addiction (68%). Significant predictors contributing to internet addiction were using the internet for socialization and playing online games. The more hours spent on the internet daily, the more the internet addiction was (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The internet addiction rate is high among school adolescents in Jeddah. The majority of high school adolescents had mild to moderate levels of internet addiction. Interventional multidisciplinary programs are needed to mitigate the factors that influence internet addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ismail
- Department of Nursing, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, 21461, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Omar Alamri
- Department of Nursing, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, 21461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abd-Alhadi Hassan
- Department of Nursing, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, 21461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Hafiz
- Faculty of Nursing, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Othman
- Department of Medicine, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, 21461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dena Atallah
- Department of Nursing, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, 21461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashael F Dewan
- Department of Nursing, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, 21461, Saudi Arabia
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Yu X, Zhao J. How rumination influences meaning in life among Chinese high school students: the mediating effects of perceived chronic social adversity and coping style. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1280961. [PMID: 38106898 PMCID: PMC10722437 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1280961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Meaning in life can be affected by many factors during adolescence. This study explored the relationship between rumination and meaning in life among high school students, as well as the mediating effect of perceived chronic social adversity and coping style. A sample of 1,275 Chinese high school students were surveyed using four questionnaires. Data analysis was conducted using Harman's single-factor test, Pearson's correlation coefficient with confidence intervals (CI), and a structural equation model. We found that rumination significantly negatively affected meaning in life among high school students (β = -0.28, 95% CI = -0.33-0.23). Perceived chronic social adversity (β = -0.14, 95% CI = -0.29-0.02) and negative coping style (β = -0.09, 95% CI = -0.16-0.04) each had mediating effects between rumination and meaning in life. Further, perceived chronic social adversity and coping style had chain-mediating effects between rumination and meaning in life, with both positive (β = -0.11, 95% CI = -0.17-0.07) and negative (β = -0.08, 95% CI = -0.13-0.04) coping styles showing significant effects. To enhance the meaning in life among high school students, appropriate strategies to reduce the levels of rumination and perceived chronic social adversity are needed, while also fostering appropriate coping styles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Yu
- School of Education Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Adynski H, Propper C, Beeber L, Gilmore JH, Zou B, Santos HP. The role of social adversity on emotional dysregulation during infancy and early childhood. J Pediatr Nurs 2023; 72:26-35. [PMID: 37037102 PMCID: PMC10560316 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate if social adversity is associated with mother reported emotional dysregulation behaviors and trajectories during infancy and early childhood. DESIGN & METHODS A secondary data analysis from the Durham Child Health and Development study study included 206 child-mother dyads. Three models were used to explore the relationship between social adversity and mother reported emotional dysregulation during infancy (Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised) and early childhood (Child Behavior Checklist - Dysregulation Profile). Linear mixed effects models were adopted to investigate if social adversity was associated with mother reported emotional dysregulation longitudinally. Regression analysis was conducted to explore if social adversity was associated with maternal reported emotional dysregulation trajectory slope scores and maternal reported emotional dysregulation trajectory class. Maternal psychological distress and the child's sex assigned at birth were included as covariates in each analysis. RESULTS Infants with greater social adversity scores had significantly higher maternal reported fear responses across the first year of life. Social adversity was associated with maternal reported distress to limitations trajectory, dysregulated recovery class, and dysregulated distress to limitations class. During early childhood social adversity was significantly associated with maternal reported emotional dysregulation but not trajectories which showed little variability. CONCLUSION & PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Our results indicate that social adversity is associated with maternal reported emotional dysregulation during infancy and early childhood. Nursing and other professionals can participate in early screening to determine risk and provide intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Adynski
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
| | - Cathi Propper
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Linda Beeber
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - John H Gilmore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Baiming Zou
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Hudson P Santos
- The University of Miami School of Nursing and Health Studies, Florida, United States
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Weiguo Z, Wen D, Qingtian L, Xinning W, Ming Z. Compared with Him or Her, I Am Not Good Enough: How to Alleviate Depression Due to Upward Social Comparison? THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 156:512-534. [PMID: 35981236 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2022.2101421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study primarily aims to examine the mediating role of core self-evaluation and the moderating role of personal growth initiative (PGI) in the relationship between upward social comparison and senior high school students' depression and to explore the gender difference in this association. A total of 721 Chinese senior high school students (61.16% boys; M = 16.21 years, SD = 1.07) completed measures of upward social comparison, core self-evaluation, personal growth initiative, and depression. Results showed a significant positive correlation between upward social comparison and depression. Core self-evaluation partially mediated this association, and a gender difference in the indirect effect was revealed; that is, the effect was shown to be stronger for girls than for boys. Moreover, for boys, the mediating effect of core self-evaluation was moderated by PGI, and the effect was more potent for individuals with high PGI than for those with low PGI. However, no moderating effect of PGI on the indirect effect was found for girls. These findings suggest that prevention and interventions focusing on reducing upward social comparison and enhancing core self-evaluation may alleviate adolescents' depression symptoms and that more attention should be given to girls with low core self-evaluation and boys with high PGI.
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Risk-Taking Behavior among Suicide Attempters. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11144177. [PMID: 35887941 PMCID: PMC9320022 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11144177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Suicidal behavior is a major mental health concern both for the individual and for the public health. Among others, suicidal behavior is associated with impulsivity, risk taking, pain tolerance, and a state of overarousal. In the present study, we investigated if suicide attempters (SAs) reported higher scores for risk-taking when compared with healthy controls (HC) of the general population. Methods: A total of 616 individuals (mean age: 27.07 years; 51.5% females) took part in the study; of those, 240 (39%) were individuals with a suicide attempt (SA) within a time lapse of one to three months, and 376 (61%) were healthy controls (HC). Participants completed a series of self-rating questionnaires covering sociodemographic information, risk-taking (Risk-Taking Questionnaire 18; RT-18), and suicidal behavior (Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised; SBQ-R). Results: Compared with HCs, individuals with SA reported higher risk-taking and suicidal behavior scores. The risk-taking questionnaire yielded a four-factor solution: Thrill and sensation seeking; Cautious procedure; Cautious decision making; Impulsive behavior. Compared with HCs, SAs showed the highest scores for thrill and sensation seeking and impulsive behavior. Conclusions: Compared with healthy controls, individuals reporting a recent suicide attempt also reported a higher propensity to thrill and sensation seeking and impulsive behavior as a proxy of risk-taking behavior. The present results corroborate the notion that, among others, suicide attempts appeared to be less related to premeditation, but rather to impulsive and thus spontaneous behavior.
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Individuals with Major Depressive Disorder Report High Scores of Insecure-Avoidant and Insecure-Anxious Attachment Styles, Dissociative Identity Symptoms, and Adult Traumatic Events. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9091169. [PMID: 34574943 PMCID: PMC8469763 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9091169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) report more issues in social interaction compared to the general population. Moreover, dimensions of dissociation are considered dysfunctional strategies to cope with adverse life events. In this regard, current symptoms of MDD could be associated with traumatic events that occurred in childhood and in adult life. Given this background, the aim of the present study was to explore the associations between attachment styles as a proxy of quality of social interaction, dimensions of dissociation, and childhood and adult traumatic life events among individuals with MDD. Method: A total of 300 individuals with MDD (mean age: 31.31 years; 58.7% female) took part in this study. They completed a series of questionnaires on sociodemographic information, attachment styles, dimensions of dissociation, and childhood and adult traumatic life events. Results: Prevalence rates for attachment styles were as follows: anxious/ambivalent attachment style—71.7%; avoidant/dependent attachment style—13%; secure/close attachment style—15.3%. Compared to the general population, the participants reported higher prevalence rates of insecure attachment styles. Current symptoms of dissociation were associated with adult but not childhood traumatic life events. An anxious attachment style was associated with higher scores of dissociation. Conclusion: Psychotherapeutic treatment of individuals with MDD should consider the individuals’ challenging attachment styles and their risk of dissociation. While it is important to consider both adult and childhood traumatic events, in this research, more recent trauma occurring in adulthood was associated with current symptoms of dissociation.
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Jahangard L, Shayganfard M, Ghiasi F, Salehi I, Haghighi M, Ahmadpanah M, Sadeghi Bahmani D, Brand S. Serum oxytocin concentrations in current and recent suicide survivors are lower than in healthy controls. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 128:75-82. [PMID: 32535343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide and suicide attempts are dramatic events both for the individuals concerned and for their social circles. From a psychopathological perspective, suicidal behavior could be understood as a severe breakdown in relations with their social worlds. Oxytocin is a neuropeptide highly involved in the perception of facets of social relationship such as their quality feelings of belongingness, and mutual trust. Given this, we expected that serum oxytocin concentrations would be lower in current and recent suicide survivors than in healthy controls. METHODS A total of 48 participants (mean age: 27 years; 62.5% females) took part in the study. Of these, 16 (62.5% females) survived a suicide attempt 12-24 h ago; 16 (62.5% females) had made a suicide attempt about 12 weeks ago, and 16 (62.5% females) were healthy age- and gender-matched controls. Blood samples were taken in the morning to assess serum oxytocin concentrations. Participants also completed questionnaires covering sociodemographic information and a scale assessing suicidal ideation. RESULTS Compared to healthy controls, suicide survivors had significantly lower serum oxytocin concentrations, but these levels did not differ between current and recent suicide survivors. Compared to healthy controls and recent suicide attempters, current suicide attempters recorded significantly higher scores on the Beck scale for suicidal ideation. Across the sample as a whole, higher scores for suicidal ideation were associated with lower serum oxytocin concentrations. Serum oxytocin concentrations and scores on the Beck scale for suicidal ideation did not differ between females and males. CONCLUSIONS Given that oxytocin is a neurobiological correlate of subjectively perceived quality of social interaction and social relationships, the results support the notion that suicide attempts are closely linked to suicide survivors' perceptions of the quality of their social lives. Speculatively, and based on the serum oxytocin concentrations, it also appears that 12 weeks after a suicide attempt, the survivor's perceived quality of social life has not significantly improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Jahangard
- Research Center for Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mehran Shayganfard
- Department of Psychiatry, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Markazi, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Ghiasi
- Research Center for Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Iraj Salehi
- Research Center for Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Haghighi
- Research Center for Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ahmadpanah
- Research Center for Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Dena Sadeghi Bahmani
- Departments of Physical Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; University of Basel, Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Basel, Switzerland; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Psychiatry Department, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Serge Brand
- University of Basel, Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Basel, Switzerland; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Psychiatry Department, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah, Iran; University of Basel, Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, Division of Sport and Psychosocial Health, Basel, Switzerland; Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), School of Medicine, Tehran, Iran.
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Zamani Sani SH, Fathirezaie Z, Gerber M, Pühse U, Bahmani DS, Bashiri M, Pourali M, Brand S. Self-Esteem and Symptoms of Eating-Disordered Behavior Among Female Adolescents. Psychol Rep 2020; 124:1515-1538. [PMID: 32762295 DOI: 10.1177/0033294120948226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared to males, female adolescents show greater concerns about their appearance, concerns related to their self-esteem. We explored the associations between self-esteem, body image and BMI as proxies for appearance, and eating-disordered behavior among adolescent females. METHODS A total of 263 females (mean age:15.78 years) took part in this study. They completed questionnaires covering anthropometric characteristics, self-esteem, eating-disordered behavior, subjective physical activity levels, and body image. RESULTS Higher scores for self-esteem were associated with higher scores for eating-disordered behavior, indices of physical activity, and slimmer body image. Body image was not associated with eating-disordered behavior. Multiple regression analyses showed that self-esteem, but not physical activity, or body image predicted eating-disordered behavior. CONCLUSIONS Among a non-clinical sample of female adolescents, self-esteem and eating-disordered behavior were positively associated. Body image was associated in a complex and contradictory fashion. It is possible that cognitive-emotional mastering of the vital impulse to eat may enhance self-esteem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahra Fathirezaie
- Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, 56947University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Uwe Pühse
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division of Sport Science, 27209University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dena Sadeghi Bahmani
- Adult Psychiatric Clinics (UPKE), Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), 27209University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Bashiri
- Sport Science Group, Faculty of Education and Psychology, 125619Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Pourali
- Physical Education and Sport Science group, 68106Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Serge Brand
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division of Sport Science, 27209University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Adult Psychiatric Clinics (UPKE), Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Sociocultural Attitudes towards Appearance, Self-Esteem and Symptoms of Body-Dysmorphic Disorders among Young Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16214236. [PMID: 31683731 PMCID: PMC6862198 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16214236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: Beauty and an attractive body shape are particularly important during early adulthood, as both are related to greater mating success, positive social feedback, and higher self-esteem. The media may further influence common features of beauty. We tested whether higher body-dysmorphic disorder (BDD) scores were associated with sociocultural attitudes towards appearance. Additionally, we expected that a link between higher BDD scores and higher perceived media pressure would be mediated by lower self-esteem (SE). Method: 350 young Iranian adults (mean age: 24.17 years; 76.9% females) took part in the study. Participants completed questionnaires covering sociodemographic data, sociocultural attitudes towards appearances, and SE, while experts rated participants for symptoms of body dysmorphic disorders. Results: Higher BDD scores were associated with higher scores for sociocultural attitudes towards appearance, while SE was not associated with BDD or sociocultural attitudes towards appearance. Higher scores for sociocultural attitudes towards appearance and media pressure predicted higher BDD scores, while SE had no influence. Conclusion: Among young Iranian adults, sociocultural attitudes towards appearances and BDD scores, as rated by experts’, were related, while SE was not. The shared variance between symptoms of BDD and sociocultural attitudes towards appearance was low, suggesting that other factors such as mating and career concerns together with social feedback might be more important in explaining symptoms of body dysmorphic disorders.
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Jahangard L, Tayebi M, Haghighi M, Ahmadpanah M, Holsboer-Trachsler E, Sadeghi Bahmani D, Brand S. Does rTMS on brain areas of mirror neurons lead to higher improvements on symptom severity and empathy compared to the rTMS standard procedure? - Results from a double-blind interventional study in individuals with major depressive disorders. J Affect Disord 2019; 257:527-535. [PMID: 31323594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A key feature of major depressive disorders is the lack of emotional processing such as empathy. To counter this, we tested, if brain stimulation on areas rich of mirror neurons on the left inferior parietal lobe (lIPL) might improve emotional processing, including empathy, compared to a standard brain stimulation on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (lDLPFC). METHODS Twenty inpatients (mean age: 38.9 years; 55% females) with severe major depressive disorders and stable treatment of sertraline at therapeutic dosages were randomly assigned to either the rTMS condition on areas of mirror neuron stimulation, that is, the left inferior parietal lobe (rTMS-lIPL), or to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (rTMS-lDLPFC; control condition). Interventions lasted for two consecutive weeks (2 × 5 interventions of 30'). At baseline and at the end of the study, patients completed questionnaires on current mood state and emotion regulation. In parallel, experts rated patients' depression severity. RESULTS Mood improved over time, but more so in the control condition, compared to the rTMS-lIPL condition (medium-large effect sizes). Emotion regulation improved over time; specifically, empathy improved, but only in the rTMS-lIPL condition, compared to the control condition. Symptoms of depression decreased over time, but more so in the rTMS- lIPL condition. CONCLUSIONS The pattern of results suggests that among inpatients with severe major depressive disorders, and compared to a standard procedure of rTMS, rTMS targeting on areas rich of mirror neurons appeared to improve emotion regulation, and specifically empathy, while there was no advantage on acute mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Jahangard
- Research Center for Behavioral Disorders and Substances Abuse, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Tayebi
- Research Center for Behavioral Disorders and Substances Abuse, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Haghighi
- Research Center for Behavioral Disorders and Substances Abuse, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ahmadpanah
- Research Center for Behavioral Disorders and Substances Abuse, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Edith Holsboer-Trachsler
- University of Basel, Psychiatric Clinics, Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dena Sadeghi Bahmani
- University of Basel, Psychiatric Clinics, Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Basel, Switzerland; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Sleep Disturbances Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Serge Brand
- University of Basel, Psychiatric Clinics, Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Basel, Switzerland; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan, Iran; University of Basel, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Basel, Switzerland.
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Sadeghi Bahmani D, Razazian N, Motl RW, Farnia V, Alikhani M, Pühse U, Gerber M, Brand S. Physical activity interventions can improve emotion regulation and dimensions of empathy in persons with multiple sclerosis: An exploratory study. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019; 37:101380. [PMID: 32173007 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2019.101380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) report difficulties with emotion regulation and empathy. Regular physical activity (RPA) improves dimensions of psychological well-being in PwMS, but it remains unclear if regular physical activity has effects on emotion regulation and empathy. The present study investigated the effect of regular physical activity on emotion regulation and empathy, and explored, if endurance training or coordinative training are better than an active control condition. METHODS 92 female PwMS (mean age: 37.4 years; age range: 20-57 years; mean EDSS: 2.43) took part in this study. Participants were randomly assigned into endurance training, coordinative training, or active control conditions that all lasted 8 weeks and were yoked on frequency, duration, and social contact. Participants completed questionnaires on emotion regulation, empathy, depression and fatigue before and after the 8-week conditions. RESULTS Regulation and control of emotions and empathy improved over time, but more so in the exercising groups, compared to the active control group. No changes over time and between groups were observed for perception and acknowledgement of emotions, emotional expressivity, and empathy, as measured with Reading in the Eyes test. These changes were not influenced by control for depression and fatigue as covariates. CONCLUSIONS Both endurance and coordinative exercise training had favorable effects on some aspects of emotion regulation and social cognition such as empathy in PwMS. Such initial results support for examination of exercise training for the treatment of issues of emotion regulation and social interactions in PwMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dena Sadeghi Bahmani
- University of Basel, Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Center of Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Basel, Switzerland; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Department of Psychiatry, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah, Iran; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Department of Psychiatry, Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nazanin Razazian
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Neurology Department, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Robert W Motl
- Departments of Physical Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Vahid Farnia
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Department of Psychiatry, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mostafa Alikhani
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Department of Psychiatry, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Uwe Pühse
- University of Basel, Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Gerber
- University of Basel, Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Serge Brand
- University of Basel, Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Center of Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Basel, Switzerland; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Department of Psychiatry, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah, Iran; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Department of Psychiatry, Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran; University of Basel, Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Basel, Switzerland; Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Chi X, Liu X, Guo T, Wu M, Chen X. Internet Addiction and Depression in Chinese Adolescents: A Moderated Mediation Model. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:816. [PMID: 31798471 PMCID: PMC6865207 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Research has revealed that Internet addiction is a risk factor for adolescents' development of depressive symptoms, although the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. The present study examines the mediating role of positive youth development and the moderating role of mindfulness to determine the association between Internet addiction and depression. A sample of 522 Chinese adolescents completed measures related to Internet addiction, positive youth development, mindfulness, depression, and their background information, for which the results reveal that positive youth development mediates the relation between Internet addiction and depression. Moreover, the associations between both Internet addiction and depression as well as positive youth development and depression are moderated by mindfulness. These two effects were stronger for adolescents with low mindfulness than for those with high mindfulness. The present study contributes to a more thorough understanding of how and when Internet addiction increases the risk of depression in adolescents, suggesting that Internet addiction may affect adolescent depression through positive youth development and that mindfulness can alleviate the negative effect of Internet addiction or a low level of psychological resources on depression. The implications for research and practice are finally discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Chi
- College of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,The Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China.,The Laboratory of the Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- College of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tianyou Guo
- College of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingxia Wu
- Southwest University Faculty of Psychology, Research Center of Mental Health Education in Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaochen Chen
- The Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China.,The Laboratory of the Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
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14
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Jahangard L, Sadeghi A, Ahmadpanah M, Holsboer-Trachsler E, Sadeghi Bahmani D, Haghighi M, Brand S. Influence of adjuvant omega-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids on depression, sleep, and emotion regulation among outpatients with major depressive disorders - Results from a double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 107:48-56. [PMID: 30317101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extant literature shows that adjuvant omega-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids (O3PUFAs) to a standard antidepressant medication impacts favorably on symptoms of depression in participants with major depressive disorders (MDD). The aim of the present study was to investigate, if and to what extent compared to placebo adjuvant O3PUFAs had a favorable impact on symptoms of depression, anxiety, sleep and emotion regulation among outpatients with MDD. METHOD A total of 50 outpatients (mean age: M = 42.46; 68% females) took part in this randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled study. They were randomly assigned either to the O3PUFA- or to the placebo-condition. Standard medication was sertraline at therapeutic dosages. At baseline, six weeks and 12 weeks later at study completion participants completed questionnaires covering symptoms of depression, anxiety sensitivity, intolerance of uncertainty, sleep disturbances, and emotion regulation. In parallel, experts blind to participants' group assignment rated participants' depression with the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Scale. RESULTS Symptoms of depression (self- and experts' ratings) decreased over time, but more so in the O3PUFA condition, compared to the placebo condition. Likewise, anxiety sensitivity, intolerance of uncertainty and sleep disturbances improved, but again more so in the O3PUFA condition. Further, regulation and control of emotions and perception of other's emotions improved over time, but more so in the O3PUFA condition. CONCLUSIONS Among outpatients with MDD, and compared to placebo, adjuvant O3PUFAs to a standard medication improved not only symptoms of depression, but also dimensions of anxiety and sleep, and above all patients' competencies to regulate their emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Jahangard
- Research Center for Behavioral Disorders and Substances Abuse, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ali Sadeghi
- Research Center for Behavioral Disorders and Substances Abuse, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ahmadpanah
- Research Center for Behavioral Disorders and Substances Abuse, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Edith Holsboer-Trachsler
- University of Basel, Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dena Sadeghi Bahmani
- University of Basel, Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Basel, Switzerland; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Haghighi
- Research Center for Behavioral Disorders and Substances Abuse, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Serge Brand
- University of Basel, Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Basel, Switzerland; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran; University of Basel, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division of Sport Sciences and Psychosocial Health, Basel, Switzerland.
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15
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Brand S, Schilling R, Ludyga S, Colledge F, Sadeghi Bahmani D, Holsboer-Trachsler E, Pühse U, Gerber M. Further Evidence of the Zero-Association Between Symptoms of Insomnia and Facial Emotion Recognition-Results From a Sample of Adults in Their Late 30s. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:754. [PMID: 30705644 PMCID: PMC6344466 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Restoring sleep is associated with favorable cognitive, emotional, and behavioral adaptations. As regards the association between sleep duration and facial emotion recognition (FER), results are conflicting, and as regards the association between symptoms of insomnia and FER, no study has been performed so far. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether subjective sleep was associated with FER, along with perceived stress and mental toughness. Method: A total of 201 police officers (mean age = 38.5 years, 64.2% males) took part in the present cross-sectional study. They completed questionnaires covering socio-demographic data, subjective symptoms of insomnia, perceived stress, and mental toughness. Further, they underwent a computerized FER test, consisting of facial emotion labeling and facial emotion matching. Results: Performance of FER (accuracy, speed) was unrelated to subjective symptoms of insomnia. Lower FER was associated with higher age, but not to perceived stress or mental toughness. No gender differences were observed. Higher symptoms of insomnia were associated with higher stress scores and lower scores of mental toughness. Conclusions: The pattern of results suggests that FER was not associated with symptoms of insomnia, understood as a proxy of sleep quality, among adults. This observation replicates those studies showing a zero-association between sleep and FER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Brand
- Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Center of Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Sleep Disturbances Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - René Schilling
- Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Ludyga
- Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Flora Colledge
- Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dena Sadeghi Bahmani
- Center of Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Sleep Disturbances Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Edith Holsboer-Trachsler
- Center of Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Pühse
- Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Gerber
- Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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