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Pan RM, Chang HJ, Chi MJ, Wang CY, Chuang YH. The traditional Chinese version of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory: Psychometric properties and cutoff point for detecting anxiety. Geriatr Nurs 2024; 58:438-445. [PMID: 38908039 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
The study aimed to translate the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory into traditional Chinese (GAI-TC), examine its psychometric properties, and identify the optimal cutoff point. This research recruited 337 older adults from two community activity centers. Structured questionnaires were used, including demographic information and characteristics, the GAI-TC, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Cronbach's α of the GAI-TC was 0.93. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.90. The content validity index was 1.0. An exploratory factor analysis revealed that three factors in the GAI-TC, including cognition anxiety, impact of anxiety, and somatic anxiety, explained 59.46 % of the variance. The criterion-related validity showed a significant positive correlation between the GAI-TC and STAI, with an optimal cutoff of 9/10 for detecting anxiety in older persons living in the community. The GAI-TC had good reliability and validity and can provide professionals with a tool for the early identification of anxiety among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rou-May Pan
- Department of Nursing, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7, Zhongshan S. Rd., Zhongzheng Dist., Taipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ju Chang
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 155 Linong St., Sec. 2, Taipei 112304, Taiwan; College of Nursing, Efficient Smart Care Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University,155 Linong St., Sec. 2, Taipei City 112304, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ju Chi
- School of Gerontology and Long-Term Care, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xing St., Taipei 11031, Taiwan; International PhD Program in Gerontology and Long-Term Care, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xing St., Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Wang
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xing St., Xinyi District, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yeu-Hui Chuang
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xing St., Xinyi District, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, 111 Xinglong Rd, Sec. 3. Wenshan District, Taipei 11696, Taiwan; Research Center in Nursing Clinical Practice, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, 111 Xinglong Rd, Sec. 3. Wenshan District, Taipei 11696, Taiwan.
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Kashimura M, Ishizu K, Kokubo N, Segal DL. Assessing late-life anxiety in Japanese older adults: psychometric evaluation of the Japanese version of the Geriatric Anxiety Scale. Psychogeriatrics 2023. [PMID: 37095633 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study developed a Japanese version of the Geriatric Anxiety Scale (GAS-J) and its short form (GAS-10-J) to evaluate anxiety in Japanese older adults and assess its psychometric properties using a cross-sectional design. METHODS A total of 331 community-dwelling older adult participants (208 men, 116 women, seven unknowns; mean age = 73.47 ± 5.17 years, range = 60-88 years) recruited from two Silver Human Resources Centres in the Kanto region, Japan, answered a set of self-report questionnaires. Of these respondents, 120 participated in a follow-up survey to evaluate test-retest reliability. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analysis suggested that, as with the original GAS, the GAS-J had a three-factor structure and the GAS-10-J had a unifactor structure with high standardised factor loadings. Test-retest correlations and internal consistency analyses indicated that these scales were reliable. Correlations between the GAS-J/GAS-10-J with the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory, Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7, Geriatric Depression Scale-15, World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index, and Kihon Checklist were mostly consistent with our hypotheses, thereby supporting the construct validity of the GAS-J/GAS-10-J. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that the GAS-J and GAS-10-J have robust psychometric properties for assessing late-life anxiety in Japanese older adults. Further GAS-J studies are required for clinical groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masami Kashimura
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Psychology, Tokiwa University, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Ishizu
- Graduate School of Teacher Training Development, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Naomi Kokubo
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Daniel L Segal
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
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Picconi L, Fairfield B, Sergi MR, Cataldi F, Padulo C, Brugnera A, Parisi G, Compare A, Gottschling J, Segal DL. Development and Validation of a Short Form of the Geriatric Anxiety Scale (GAS-12) among Italian Older Adults. Clin Gerontol 2022:1-17. [PMID: 36065753 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2022.2120445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We developed a new Italian short version of the Geriatric Anxiety Scale (GAS-12) and evaluated its psychometric properties. The GAS-12 specifically screens for anxiety symptoms in the Italian older adult population by identifying items that best discriminate anxiety in this population. METHODS In Study 1, we administered the full-length Italian translation of the GAS to 517 older adults and used item response theory to identify the most discriminating items and to develop the short form used in Study 2. In Study 2, we evaluated the functioning of the new short form of the questionnaire in a new sample of 427 older adults using Confirmatory factor analysis. RESULTS Analyses indicated 12 items that discriminated well between anxious and non-anxious participants and distributed along the latent continuum of each trait. The GAS-12 fits a three-factor structure. There was also evidence for convergent and divergent validity. CONCLUSIONS The Italian GAS-12 appears to be a useful instrument for the quantitative screening of anxiety in Italian older adults. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Anxiety imposes significant impairment thus making imperative the screening and assessment of anxiety symptoms. The GAS-12 is particularly indicated with limited time and many scales in a clinical assessment or research protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Picconi
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Beth Fairfield
- Department of Humanities Studies, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Sergi
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Fedele Cataldi
- Department of Psychological, Health & Territorial Sciences, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Caterina Padulo
- Department of Psychological, Health & Territorial Sciences, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Agostino Brugnera
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giulia Parisi
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Angelo Compare
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Juliana Gottschling
- Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Daniel L Segal
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
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Kalsoom S, Kamal A. Translation, Adaptation, and Validation of a Multitasking Instrument in the Context of Collectivist Asian Culture. PSYCHOLOGY IN RUSSIA: STATE OF ART 2022; 15:135-153. [PMID: 36699819 PMCID: PMC9844996 DOI: 10.11621/pir.2022.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multitasking is a rapidly evolving construct and we are in dire need of a sound tool for measuring multitasking behaviors and abilities across socio-cultural contexts. To this end, this study has put forward a cultural adaptation (through back translation) of an already developed (Kushniryk, 2008) measure i.e., Communication Specific Multitasking Measurement Instrument. Objective This study is intended to translate, adapt, and validate a multitasking measure i.e., Communication Specific Multitasking Measurement Instrument (CSMMI; Kushniryk, 2008) in the context of collectivist culture in Pakistan. Design The study was composed of two parts. The first part was completed in two phases. Phase I employed back and forward translation methods to translate the multitasking measure into an indigenous language. Phase II provided empirical validity of the translated and adapted instrument (CSMMI) using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) on data collected from a sample of 230 married individuals. The second part of the study was designed to establish construct validity of the translated instrument using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on a larger data set of married individuals. Results EFA using a varimax rotation on all 19 items of CSMMI showed that the instrument is a three-dimensional measure. CFA confirmed that the translated and adapted instrument is also a three-dimensional measure on the larger data set. Analysis of the intraclass correlation and alpha coefficient provided sound evidence for validity and reliability of the measure (CSMMI). Conclusion The findings of this study indicate that the translated and adapted multitasking measure (CSMMI) is reliable and valid when applied to the culturally collectivist population of Pakistan. This also pertains to any other populations where the translation is adequately applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Kalsoom
- Department of Professional Psychology, Bahira University, Islamabad, Pakistan,* Corresponding author. E-mail: ,
| | - Anila Kamal
- Rawalpindi Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan & National Institute of Psychology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Chen IH, Wu PL, Yen CF, Ullah I, Shoib S, Zahid SU, Bashir A, Iqbal N, Addo FM, Adjaottor ES, Amankwaah GB, Ahorsu DK, Griffiths MD, Lin CY, Pakpour AH. Motors of COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptance Scale (MoVac-COVID19S): Evidence of Measurement Invariance Across Five Countries. Healthc Policy 2022; 15:435-445. [PMID: 35300274 PMCID: PMC8922466 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s351794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The percentage of individuals who were fully vaccinated against COVID-19 was 53% worldwide, 62% in Asia, and 11% in Africa at the time of writing (February 9, 2022). In addition to administrative issues, vaccine hesitancy is an important factor contributing to the relatively low rate of vaccination. The Motors of COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptance Scale (MoVac-COVID19S) was developed to assess COVID-19 vaccination acceptance levels. However, it has only been tested among Taiwanese, mainland Chinese, and Ghanaian populations (Chen et al, 2021; Fan et al, 2021; Yeh et al, 2021). Therefore, the present study examined the construct validity and measurement invariance of the MoVac-COVID19S among individuals from five countries (ie, Taiwan, mainland China, India, Ghana, and Afghanistan). Participants and Methods A cross-sectional survey study recruited 6053 participants across five countries who completed the survey between January and March 2021. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) fit indices were used to examine factor structure and measurement invariance across the five countries. Results The fit indices of the CFA were relatively good across the countries except for the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA). Moreover, the four-factor structure (either nine or 12 items) had a better fit than the one-factor structure. However, the four-factor model using nine MoVac-COVID19S items was the only model that had measurement invariance support for both factor loadings and item intercepts across the five countries. Conclusion The present study confirmed that the MoVac-COVID19S has acceptable psychometric properties and can be used to assess an individual’s willingness to get COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Hua Chen
- Chinese Academy of Education Big Data, Qufu Normal University, Qufu City, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pei-Ling Wu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fang Yen
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80756, Taiwan
- College of Professional Studies, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Kabir Medical College, Gandhara University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Sheikh Shoib
- Sheikh Shoib Department of Psychiatry, Jawahar Lal Nehru Memorial Hospital, Srinagar, India
| | | | - Aadil Bashir
- Department of Social Work, University of Kashmir, Kashmir, India
| | - Naved Iqbal
- Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Frimpong-Manso Addo
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Emma Sethina Adjaottor
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Correspondence: Emma Sethina Adjaottor; Chung-Ying Lin, Tel +233 20 816 85080; +886-6-2353535-5106, Fax + 886-6-2367981, Email ;
| | - Gifty Boakye Amankwaah
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Amir H Pakpour
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
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Carlucci L, Balestrieri M, Maso E, Marini A, Conte N, Balsamo M. Psychometric properties and diagnostic accuracy of the short form of the geriatric anxiety scale (GAS-10). BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:401. [PMID: 34193082 PMCID: PMC8243753 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02350-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxious symptoms have a negative impact on different aspects of the elderly's quality of life, ranging from the adoption of unhealthy lifestyle behaviours to an increased functional impairment and a greater physical disability. Different brief assessment instruments have been developed as efficacy measures of geriatric anxiety in order to overcome psychometric weaknesses of its long form. Among these, the 10-item Geriatric Anxiety Scale (GAS-10) showed strong psychometric properties in community-dwelling samples. However, its diagnostic accuracy is still unexplored, as well as its discriminative power in clinical samples. METHODS In the present study, we explored the psychometric performance of the GAS-10 in the elderly through Item Response Theory in a sample of 1200 Italian community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly adults (53.8% males, mean age = 65.21 ± 9.19 years). Concurrent validity, as well as diagnostic accuracy, was examined in a non-clinical sample (N = 229; 46.72% males) and clinical sample composed of 35 elderly outpatients (74.28% females) with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). RESULTS The GAS-10 displayed good internal construct validity, with unidimensional structure and no local dependency, good accuracy, and no signs of Differential Item Functioning (DIF) or measurement bias due to gender, but negligible due to the age. Differences in concurrent validity and diagnostic accuracy among the long form version of the GAS and the GAS-10 were not found significant. The GAS-10 may be more useful than the longer versions in many clinical and research applications, when time constraints or fatigue are issues. CONCLUSION Using the ROC curve, the GAS-10 showed good discriminant validity in categorizing outpatients with GAD disorder, and high anxiety symptoms as measured by the GAS-SF cut-off. The stable cut-off point provided could enhance the clinical usefulness of the GAS-10, which seems to be a promising valid and reliable tool for maximize diagnostic accuracy of geriatric anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Carlucci
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Health and Territory, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini, 31 66100, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Matteo Balestrieri
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Elisa Maso
- Psychiatric Clinic, Healthcare and University Integrated Trust, Udine, Italy
| | - Alessia Marini
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Health and Territory, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini, 31 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Nadia Conte
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Health and Territory, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini, 31 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Michela Balsamo
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Health and Territory, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini, 31 66100, Chieti, Italy
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Yeh YC, Chen IH, Ahorsu DK, Ko NY, Chen KL, Li PC, Yen CF, Lin CY, Griffiths MD, Pakpour AH. Measurement Invariance of the Drivers of COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptance Scale: Comparison between Taiwanese and Mainland Chinese-Speaking Populations. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:297. [PMID: 33810036 PMCID: PMC8004810 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9030297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The impacts of novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) on human life continue to be serious. To control the spread of COVID-19, the production of effective vaccines is likely to be one of the best solutions. However, vaccination hesitancy may decrease individuals' willingness to get vaccinated. The Drivers of COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptance Scale (DrVac-COVID19S) was recently developed to help healthcare professionals and researchers better understand vaccination acceptance. The present study examined whether DrVac-COVID19S is measurement invariant across different subgroups (Taiwanese vs. mainland Chinese university students; males vs. females; and health-related program majors vs. non-health-related program majors). Taiwanese (n = 761; mean age = 25.51 years; standard deviation (SD) = 6.42; 63.5% females) and mainland Chinese university students (n = 3145; mean age = 20.72 years; SD = 2.06; 50.2% females) were recruited using an online survey between 5 January and 21 February 2021. Factor structure and measurement invariance of the two DrVac-COVID19S scales (nine-item and 12-item) were tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The findings indicated that the DrVac-COVID19S had a four-factor structure and was measurement invariant across the subgroups. The DrVac-COVID19S's four-factor structure was supported by the CFA results is a practical and valid instrument to quickly capture university students' willingness to get COVID-19 vaccination. Moreover, the DrVac-COVID19S can be used to compare university students' underlying reasons to get COVID-19 vaccination among different subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chin Yeh
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan; (Y.-C.Y.); (K.-L.C.)
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung 82144, Taiwan
| | - I-Hua Chen
- School of Education Science, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China;
| | - Daniel K. Ahorsu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong;
| | - Nai-Ying Ko
- Department of Nursing, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan;
- International Doctoral Program in Nursing, Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Lin Chen
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan; (Y.-C.Y.); (K.-L.C.)
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chia Li
- Department of Occupational Therapy, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Fang Yen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital & School of Medicine College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan; (Y.-C.Y.); (K.-L.C.)
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG14FQ, UK;
| | - Amir H. Pakpour
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, 55318 Jönköping, Sweden;
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Sustainable Tourism and Facilities Preferences: The Sustainable Tourist Stay Scale (STSS) Validation. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12229767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to start the development of the Sustainable Tourist Stay Scale (STSS), a self-report instrument designed to measure tourists’ preferences regarding the degree to which they accept accommodation and programs in tourism facilities with sustainable characteristics. The research involved a total sample of 621 participants aged 18 to 74 (m = 41.75%; f = 58.25%). According to the literature and the available data, we considered the possibility that young people (millennials) and adults within the same sample may show peculiarities concerning the sustainability issues. We carried out three subsequent analyses: (1) an explorative factor analysis; (2) a confirmatory factor analysis via structural equation modelling; (3) the test of the structural invariance between young people and adults. The results supported a three-factor scale solution and they are discussed with reference to their potential practical applications to better understanding the preference for a sustainable stay.
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Assessment of anxiety in older adults: psychometric properties and relationships with self-reported functional impairment. Int Psychogeriatr 2020; 32:505-513. [PMID: 31455449 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610219001145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of two geriatric anxiety measures: the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI) and the Geriatric Anxiety Scale (GAS). This study also aimed to determine the relationships of these measures with two measures of functional ability and impairment: the Barkley Functional Impairment Scale (BFIS) and the Everyday Cognition Scale (E-Cog). DESIGN Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were used to analyze the factor structures of the GAI and GAS in older adults. Tests for dependent correlations were used to examine the relationship between anxiety scales and functioning. SETTING Amazon's Mechanical Turk. PARTICIPANTS 348 participants (aged 55-85, M= 62.75 (4.8), 66.5% female) with no history of psychosis or traumatic brain injury. RESULTS CFAs supported the previously demonstrated bifactor solution for the GAI. For the GAS, the previously demonstrated three-factor model demonstrated a good-to-excellent fit. Given the high correlation between the cognitive and affective factors (r =.89), a bifactor solution was also tested. The bifactor model of the GAS was found to be primarily unidimensional. Tests for dependent correlations revealed that the GAS demonstrated stronger relationships with measures of self-reported functional impairment than the GAI. CONCLUSIONS The current study provides further psychometric validation of the factor structure of two geriatric anxiety measures in an older adult sample. The results support previous work completed on the GAI and the GAS. The GAS was more strongly correlated with self-reported functional impairment than the GAI, which may reflect differences in content in the two measures.
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Balsamo M, Saggino A, Carlucci L. Tailored Screening for Late-Life Depression: A Short Version of the Teate Depression Inventory (TDI-E). Front Psychol 2019; 10:2693. [PMID: 31866900 PMCID: PMC6906150 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of assessment instruments have been developed as efficacy measures of geriatric depression in clinical trials but most showed several weaknesses, such as time-consuming administration, development and validation in younger populations, and lack of discrimination between anxiety and depression. Among the extant self-report measures of depression, the 21-item Teate Depression Inventory (TDI; Balsamo and Saggino, 2013), developed via Rasch analysis, showed a satisfactory level of diagnostic accuracy, and allowed the reduction of false positives in test scoring in adult population. The present study explored the potential improvement in the psychometric performance of the TDI in the elderly by item refinement through Rasch analysis in a sample of 836 elderly people (49.5% males; mean age = 73.28; SD = 6.56). A resulting shorter version was composed of the best-fitting and discriminative nine items from the full form. The Teate Depression Inventory (TDI-E) (E for elderly) presented good internal construct validity, with unidimensional structure, local dependency, good reliability (person separation index and Cronbach’s alpha), and no signs of differential item functioning or measurement bias due to gender and age (65 vs. 75+ years). Cut-off points and normative data provided could enhance the clinical usefulness of the TDI-E, which seems to be a promising valid and reliable tool for the screening of geriatric depression, with less risk of finding false positives due to overlapping of depression in elderly with other comorbid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Balsamo
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi G. d'Annunzio Chieti e Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Aristide Saggino
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi G. d'Annunzio Chieti e Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Leonardo Carlucci
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi G. d'Annunzio Chieti e Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Bandari R, Heravi-Karimooi M, Miremadi M, Mohebbi L, Montazeri A. The Iranian version of geriatric anxiety inventory (GAI-P): a validation study. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2019; 17:118. [PMID: 31296228 PMCID: PMC6624870 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-019-1176-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anxiety is one of the most common mental health problems experienced by the elderly that affects quality of life. This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI-P) in order to provide a valid instrument for measuring anxiety in this population. Methods Forward-backward translation was used to translate the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory from English into Persian and was tested by 10 elderly to assess its face validity. Then a sample of elderly people attending health centers in Dezful, Iran completed the questionnaire. Validity was assessed using both exploratory and confirmatory factors analysis, known-groups comparison (abused and non-abused elderly) also was administered. The internal consistency of the instrument was assessed using Kuder-Richardson 20 coefficients (KR-20). Afterwards, the reliability and validity through assessing the correlation between the Persian version of the GAI-P and the SF-36, were measured. Results In all 720 elderly completed the questionnaire. Of these data from 420 elderly were used for exploratory factor analysis and the data from the remaining 300 elderly were used for confirmatory factor analysis. The exploratory factor analysis showed a three-factor solution (cognitive, arousal and somatic) for the questionnaire that jointly explained 59.48% of the overall variance observed. The confirmatory factor analysis supported the three-factor solution and the second-order latent factor model. The findings indicated a positive and significant correlation between the two measures lending support to its concurrent validity (r = 0.67, p < .001).Ultimately, the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory was found to have a favorable internal consistency. Conclusion This study confirmed that the GAI-P is a valid measure of anxiety in elderly population and now can be used in geriatric studies in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Bandari
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Majideh Heravi-Karimooi
- Elderly Care Research Center, College of Nursing & Midwifery, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mojgan Miremadi
- Faculty of Nursing Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Mohebbi
- Department of Health, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Ali Montazeri
- Population Health Group Health Metrics Research Centre, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. .,Faculty of Humanity Sciences, University of Science & Culture ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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Balsamo M, Cataldi F, Carlucci L, Padulo C, Fairfield B. Assessment of late-life depression via self-report measures: a review. Clin Interv Aging 2018; 13:2021-2044. [PMID: 30410319 PMCID: PMC6199213 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s178943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression in later life is a significant and growing problem. Age-related differences in the type and severity of depressive disorders continue to be questioned and necessarily question differential methods of assessment and treatment strategies. A host of geropsychiatric measures have been developed for diagnostic purposes, for rating severity of depression, and monitoring treatment progress. This literature review includes the self-report depression measures commonly and currently used in geropsychological practice. Each of the included measures is considered according to its psychometric properties. In particular, information about reliability; convergent, divergent, and factorial validity evidence based on data from clinical and nonclinical samples of older adults; and availability of age-appropriate norms was provided along with the strengths and weaknesses of each measure. Results highlighted that in cognitively intact or mildly impaired patients over 65 years, the Geriatric Depression Scale and the Geriatric Depression Scale-15 currently seem to be the preferred instruments. The psychometric functioning of the Beck Depression Inventory-II and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, instead, is mixed in this population. Most importantly, this review may be a valuable resource for practicing clinicians and researchers who wish to develop state-of-the-science assessment strategies for clinical problems and make informed choices about which instruments best suit their purposes in older populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Balsamo
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy,
| | - Fedele Cataldi
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy,
| | - Leonardo Carlucci
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy,
| | - Caterina Padulo
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy,
| | - Beth Fairfield
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy,
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