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Niering M, Monsberger T, Seifert J, Muehlbauer T. Effects of Psychological Interventions on Performance Anxiety in Performing Artists and Athletes: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:910. [PMID: 37998657 PMCID: PMC10669558 DOI: 10.3390/bs13110910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Levels of state and trait anxiety are relevant for performing artists and professional athletes to obtain optimal performance outcomes. However, evidence-based knowledge regarding the effectiveness of psychological interventions on performance anxiety is currently minimal. Thus, the objective of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to characterize, aggregate, and quantify intervention effects on measures of state and trait performance anxiety in performing artists and professional athletes. A systematic search of the literature according to the PRISMA guidelines was conducted on the databases PubMed, Medline, SPORTDiscus, PsycInfo, Embase, and Web of Science from 1 January 1960 to 9 November 2022. The search only included controlled studies employing pre-post measures and excluded performing arts fields that do not depend on fine motor skills. Initially, 1022 articles were identified; after removing duplicates and assessing abstracts and full texts, 20 articles were used to calculate weighted standardized mean differences (SMDs). In terms of state performance anxiety, our results revealed a large overall effect (SMD = 0.88), a medium effect (SMD = 0.62) for studies using scales with total scores (i.e., MPAI-A, STAI), and large effects (cognitive anxiety: SMD = 0.93, somatic anxiety: SMD = 0.92, self-confidence: SMD = 0.97) for studies applying scales with sub-scores (i.e., CSAI-2R)-all in favour of the intervention groups. Regarding trait performance anxiety (e.g., SCAT), we detected a small effect (SMD = 0.32), also favouring the intervention groups. Interventions to reduce performance anxiety in performing artists and professional athletes revealed varying levels of effectiveness ranging from small (trait) to large (state). Therefore, future studies should investigate modalities to increase intervention efficacy, especially for the small-sized changes in trait performance anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Niering
- Institute of Biomechanics and Neurosciences, Nordic Science, 30173 Hannover, Germany; (M.N.); (J.S.)
| | - Teresa Monsberger
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Johanna Seifert
- Institute of Biomechanics and Neurosciences, Nordic Science, 30173 Hannover, Germany; (M.N.); (J.S.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Muehlbauer
- Division of Movement and Training Sciences/Biomechanics of Sport, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
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Wu C, Davaasuren D, Shafir T, Tsachor R, Wang JZ. Bodily expressed emotion understanding through integrating Laban movement analysis. PATTERNS (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 4:100816. [PMID: 37876902 PMCID: PMC10591137 DOI: 10.1016/j.patter.2023.100816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Bodily expressed emotion understanding (BEEU) aims to automatically recognize human emotional expressions from body movements. Psychological research has demonstrated that people often move using specific motor elements to convey emotions. This work takes three steps to integrate human motor elements to study BEEU. First, we introduce BoME (body motor elements), a highly precise dataset for human motor elements. Second, we apply baseline models to estimate these elements on BoME, showing that deep learning methods are capable of learning effective representations of human movement. Finally, we propose a dual-source solution to enhance the BEEU model with the BoME dataset, which trains with both motor element and emotion labels and simultaneously produces predictions for both. Through experiments on the BoLD in-the-wild emotion understanding benchmark, we showcase the significant benefit of our approach. These results may inspire further research utilizing human motor elements for emotion understanding and mental health analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyan Wu
- Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Area, College of Information Sciences and Technology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Dolzodmaa Davaasuren
- Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Area, College of Information Sciences and Technology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Tal Shafir
- The Emili Sagol Creative Arts Therapies Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Rachelle Tsachor
- School of Theatre and Music, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - James Z. Wang
- Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Area, College of Information Sciences and Technology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Human-Computer Interaction Area, College of Information Sciences and Technology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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3
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Wang JZ, Zhao S, Wu C, Adams RB, Newman MG, Shafir T, Tsachor R. Unlocking the Emotional World of Visual Media: An Overview of the Science, Research, and Impact of Understanding Emotion: Drawing Insights From Psychology, Engineering, and the Arts, This Article Provides a Comprehensive Overview of the Field of Emotion Analysis in Visual Media and Discusses the Latest Research, Systems, Challenges, Ethical Implications, and Potential Impact of Artificial Emotional Intelligence on Society. PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE. INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS 2023; 111:1236-1286. [PMID: 37859667 PMCID: PMC10586271 DOI: 10.1109/jproc.2023.3273517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of artificial emotional intelligence technology is revolutionizing the fields of computers and robotics, allowing for a new level of communication and understanding of human behavior that was once thought impossible. While recent advancements in deep learning have transformed the field of computer vision, automated understanding of evoked or expressed emotions in visual media remains in its infancy. This foundering stems from the absence of a universally accepted definition of "emotion," coupled with the inherently subjective nature of emotions and their intricate nuances. In this article, we provide a comprehensive, multidisciplinary overview of the field of emotion analysis in visual media, drawing on insights from psychology, engineering, and the arts. We begin by exploring the psychological foundations of emotion and the computational principles that underpin the understanding of emotions from images and videos. We then review the latest research and systems within the field, accentuating the most promising approaches. We also discuss the current technological challenges and limitations of emotion analysis, underscoring the necessity for continued investigation and innovation. We contend that this represents a "Holy Grail" research problem in computing and delineate pivotal directions for future inquiry. Finally, we examine the ethical ramifications of emotion-understanding technologies and contemplate their potential societal impacts. Overall, this article endeavors to equip readers with a deeper understanding of the domain of emotion analysis in visual media and to inspire further research and development in this captivating and rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Z Wang
- College of Information Sciences and Technology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Sicheng Zhao
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chenyan Wu
- College of Information Sciences and Technology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Reginald B Adams
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Michelle G Newman
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Tal Shafir
- Emily Sagol Creative Arts Therapies Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Rachelle Tsachor
- School of Theatre and Music, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607 USA
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4
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Pitluk Barash M, Elboim-Gabyzon M, Shuper Engelhard E. Investigating the emotional content of older adults engaging in a fall prevention exercise program integrated with dance movement therapy: a preliminary study. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1260299. [PMID: 37790228 PMCID: PMC10543662 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1260299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fall prevention interventions for older adults have primarily focused on the physical aspects, overlooking the emotional aspects inherent in falls. This qualitative study presents a novel fall prevention intervention that integrates physical therapy exercise (PTE) based on the Otago Exercise Program with Dance Movement Therapy (DMT) to address the emotional experience during PTE. The aim of this study is to explore the emotional content expressed by older adults during balance-focused exercises and the unique emotional content expressions following the PTE + DMT intervention compared to the PTE intervention. Eleven older adults (aged 81-91 years) from a day center were randomly assigned to either the PTE + DMT group (n = 6) or the PTE group (n = 5). Interpretative phenomenological analysis of the instructors' observations and process diary identified three themes that emerged during the sessions: (1) self-image and self-worth, (2) the individual in relation to others, and (3) past memories. These themes highlight both similarities and differences between the groups. These findings provide valuable insights into the emotional experiences encountered by older adults, particularly in the context of falls prevention practices. Recognizing, understanding, and facilitating the expression of these experiences can enhance the effectiveness of fall prevention interventions and contribute to the overall health of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Pitluk Barash
- The Graduate School of Creative Art Therapies, Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences, Kibbutzim College of Education, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Graduate School of Creative Art Therapies, Faculty of Social Welfare & Health Sciences, Emili Sagol Creative Arts Therapies Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michal Elboim-Gabyzon
- Physical Therapy Department, Faculty of Social Welfare & Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Einat Shuper Engelhard
- The Graduate School of Creative Art Therapies, Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences, Kibbutzim College of Education, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Graduate School of Creative Art Therapies, Faculty of Social Welfare & Health Sciences, Emili Sagol Creative Arts Therapies Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Smith RA, Cross ES. The McNorm library: creating and validating a new library of emotionally expressive whole body dance movements. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2023; 87:484-508. [PMID: 35385989 PMCID: PMC8985749 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-022-01669-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ability to exchange affective cues with others plays a key role in our ability to create and maintain meaningful social relationships. We express our emotions through a variety of socially salient cues, including facial expressions, the voice, and body movement. While significant advances have been made in our understanding of verbal and facial communication, to date, understanding of the role played by human body movement in our social interactions remains incomplete. To this end, here we describe the creation and validation of a new set of emotionally expressive whole-body dance movement stimuli, named the Motion Capture Norming (McNorm) Library, which was designed to reconcile a number of limitations associated with previous movement stimuli. This library comprises a series of point-light representations of a dancer's movements, which were performed to communicate to observers neutrality, happiness, sadness, anger, and fear. Based on results from two validation experiments, participants could reliably discriminate the intended emotion expressed in the clips in this stimulus set, with accuracy rates up to 60% (chance = 20%). We further explored the impact of dance experience and trait empathy on emotion recognition and found that neither significantly impacted emotion discrimination. As all materials for presenting and analysing this movement library are openly available, we hope this resource will aid other researchers in further exploration of affective communication expressed by human bodily movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. Smith
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Emily S. Cross
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland ,Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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6
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Berry M, Lewin S, Brown S. Correlated expression of the body, face, and voice during character portrayal in actors. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8253. [PMID: 35585175 PMCID: PMC9117657 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12184-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Actors are required to engage in multimodal modulations of their body, face, and voice in order to create a holistic portrayal of a character during performance. We present here the first trimodal analysis, to our knowledge, of the process of character portrayal in professional actors. The actors portrayed a series of stock characters (e.g., king, bully) that were organized according to a predictive scheme based on the two orthogonal personality dimensions of assertiveness and cooperativeness. We used 3D motion capture technology to analyze the relative expansion/contraction of 6 body segments across the head, torso, arms, and hands. We compared this with previous results for these portrayals for 4 segments of facial expression and the vocal parameters of pitch and loudness. The results demonstrated significant cross-modal correlations for character assertiveness (but not cooperativeness), as manifested collectively in a straightening of the head and torso, expansion of the arms and hands, lowering of the jaw, and a rise in vocal pitch and loudness. These results demonstrate what communication theorists refer to as “multichannel reinforcement”. We discuss this reinforcement in light of both acting theories and theories of human communication more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Berry
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Sarah Lewin
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Steven Brown
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
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7
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Krug RC, Silva MF, Lipp OV, O'Sullivan PB, Almeida R, Peroni IS, Caneiro JP. An investigation of implicit bias about bending and lifting. Scand J Pain 2022; 22:336-347. [PMID: 34821139 DOI: 10.1515/sjpain-2021-0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies in a high-income country have demonstrated that people with and without low back pain (LBP) have an implicit bias that bending and lifting with a flexed lumbar spine is dangerous. These studies present two key limitations: use of a single group per study; people who recovered from back pain were not studied. Our aims were to evaluate: implicit biases between back posture and safety related to bending and lifting in people who are pain-free, have a history of LBP or have current LBP in a middle-income country, and to explore correlations between implicit and explicit measures within groups. METHODS Exploratory cross-sectional study including 174 participants (63 pain-free, 57 with history of LBP and 54 with current LBP). Implicit biases between back posture and safety related to bending and lifting were assessed with the Implicit Association Test (IAT). Participants completed paper-based (Bending Safety Belief [BSB]) and online questionnaires (Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia; Back Pain Attitudes Questionnaire). RESULTS Participants displayed significant implicit bias between images of round-back bending and lifting and words representing "danger" (IATD-SCORE: Pain-free group: 0.56 (IQR=0.31-0.91; 95% CI [0.47, 0.68]); history of LBP group: 0.57 (IQR=0.34-0.84; 95% CI [0.47, 0.67]); current LBP group: 0.56 (IQR=0.24-0.80; 95% CI [0.39, 0.64])). Explicit measures revealed participants hold unhelpful beliefs about the back, perceiving round-back bending and lifting as dangerous (BSBthermometer: Pain-free group: 8 (IQR=7-10; 95% CI [7.5, 8.5]); history of LBP group: 8 (IQR=7-10; 95% CI [7.5, 9.0]); current LBP group: 8.5 (IQR=6.75-10; [7.5, 9.0])). There was no correlation between implicit and explicit measures within the groups. CONCLUSIONS In a middle-income country, people with and without LBP, and those who recovered from LBP have an implicit bias that round-back bending and lifting is dangerous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Costa Krug
- Physical Therapy Department, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Faria Silva
- Physical Therapy Department, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ottmar V Lipp
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter B O'Sullivan
- School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Body Logic Physiotherapy, Shenton Park, Perth, Australia
| | - Rosicler Almeida
- Physical Therapy Department, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ian Sulzbacher Peroni
- Physical Therapy Department, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - J P Caneiro
- School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Body Logic Physiotherapy, Shenton Park, Perth, Australia
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Samara I, Roth TS, Nikolic M, Prochazkova E, Kret ME. Can third-party observers detect attraction in others based on subtle nonverbal cues? CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-15. [PMID: 35431520 PMCID: PMC8990491 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-02927-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In a series of three studies, we examined whether third-party observers can detect attraction in others based on subtle nonverbal cues. We employed video segments of dates collected from a speed-dating experiment, in which daters went on a brief (approx. 4 min) blind-date and indicated whether they would like to go on another date with their brief interaction partner or not. We asked participants to view these stimuli and indicate whether or not each couple member is attracted to their partner. Our results show that participants could not reliably detect attraction, and this ability was not influenced by the age of the observer, video segment location (beginning or middle of the date), video duration, or general emotion recognition capacity. Contrary to previous research findings, our findings suggest that third-party observers cannot reliably detect attraction in others. However, there was one exception: Recognition rose above chance level when the daters were both interested in their partners compared to when they were not interested. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-022-02927-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliana Samara
- Cognitive Psychology Unit, Department of Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, the Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tom S. Roth
- Cognitive Psychology Unit, Department of Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, the Netherlands
- Apenheul Primate Park, Apeldoorn, the Netherlands
| | - Milica Nikolic
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eliska Prochazkova
- Cognitive Psychology Unit, Department of Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, the Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mariska E. Kret
- Cognitive Psychology Unit, Department of Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, the Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, the Netherlands
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Barrick EM, Thornton MA, Tamir DI. Mask exposure during COVID-19 changes emotional face processing. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258470. [PMID: 34637454 PMCID: PMC8509869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Faces are one of the key ways that we obtain social information about others. They allow people to identify individuals, understand conversational cues, and make judgements about others' mental states. When the COVID-19 pandemic hit the United States, widespread mask-wearing practices were implemented, causing a shift in the way Americans typically interact. This introduction of masks into social exchanges posed a potential challenge-how would people make these important inferences about others when a large source of information was no longer available? We conducted two studies that investigated the impact of mask exposure on emotion perception. In particular, we measured how participants used facial landmarks (visual cues) and the expressed valence and arousal (affective cues), to make similarity judgements about pairs of emotion faces. Study 1 found that in August 2020, participants with higher levels of mask exposure used cues from the eyes to a greater extent when judging emotion similarity than participants with less mask exposure. Study 2 measured participants' emotion perception in both April and September 2020 -before and after widespread mask adoption-in the same group of participants to examine changes in the use of facial cues over time. Results revealed an overall increase in the use of visual cues from April to September. Further, as mask exposure increased, people with the most social interaction showed the largest increase in the use of visual facial cues. These results provide evidence that a shift has occurred in how people process faces such that the more people are interacting with others that are wearing masks, the more they have learned to focus on visual cues from the eye area of the face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyssa M. Barrick
- Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Thornton
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Diana I. Tamir
- Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
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10
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Koundourou C, Ioannou M, Stephanou C, Paparistodemou M, Katsigari T, Tsitsas G, Sotiropoulou K. Emotional Well-Being and Traditional Cypriot Easter Games: A Qualitative Analysis. Front Psychol 2021; 12:613173. [PMID: 34630192 PMCID: PMC8499803 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.613173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study is to examine the effect of the Traditional Easter Games of Cyprus on the emotional well-being of the participants. Data were collected using a qualitative analysis. It consisted of interviews from 51 participants aged 32-93 years old, and observations were made from audiovisual material of the Traditional Cypriot Easter Games being played by a sample of 20 children aged 6-14 years old and 43 adults aged 18-65 years old. Demographic data were collected by using interviews and analyzed using IBM SPSS program. The observations of the audiovisual material focused on the emotions of the participants and were grouped into prevailing and secondary emotions according to frequency and duration. The results indicate that games produce emotions such as joy, excitement, and euphoria. Emotions such as embarrassment, frustration, and anger were also observed occasionally, specifically in situations of competitiveness and defeat. In addition, the differences and similarities between adults and children were recorded. The findings of the present study extend previous work by demonstrating the positive impact of the traditional games on children's and adult's emotional well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana Koundourou
- Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Neapolis University Pafos, Paphos, Cyprus
| | - Markella Ioannou
- Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Neapolis University Pafos, Paphos, Cyprus
| | - Chara Stephanou
- Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Neapolis University Pafos, Paphos, Cyprus
| | - Maria Paparistodemou
- Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Neapolis University Pafos, Paphos, Cyprus
| | - Theodora Katsigari
- Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Neapolis University Pafos, Paphos, Cyprus
| | - Georgios Tsitsas
- Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Neapolis University Pafos, Paphos, Cyprus
| | - Kyriaki Sotiropoulou
- Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Neapolis University Pafos, Paphos, Cyprus
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11
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Bieńkiewicz MMN, Smykovskyi AP, Olugbade T, Janaqi S, Camurri A, Bianchi-Berthouze N, Björkman M, Bardy BG. Bridging the gap between emotion and joint action. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:806-833. [PMID: 34418437 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Our daily human life is filled with a myriad of joint action moments, be it children playing, adults working together (i.e., team sports), or strangers navigating through a crowd. Joint action brings individuals (and embodiment of their emotions) together, in space and in time. Yet little is known about how individual emotions propagate through embodied presence in a group, and how joint action changes individual emotion. In fact, the multi-agent component is largely missing from neuroscience-based approaches to emotion, and reversely joint action research has not found a way yet to include emotion as one of the key parameters to model socio-motor interaction. In this review, we first identify the gap and then stockpile evidence showing strong entanglement between emotion and acting together from various branches of sciences. We propose an integrative approach to bridge the gap, highlight five research avenues to do so in behavioral neuroscience and digital sciences, and address some of the key challenges in the area faced by modern societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta M N Bieńkiewicz
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, Univ. Montpellier IMT Mines Ales, Montpellier, France.
| | - Andrii P Smykovskyi
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, Univ. Montpellier IMT Mines Ales, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Stefan Janaqi
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, Univ. Montpellier IMT Mines Ales, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | | | - Benoît G Bardy
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, Univ. Montpellier IMT Mines Ales, Montpellier, France.
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12
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Pasin Neto H, Bicalho E, Bortolazzo G. Interoception and Emotion: A Potential Mechanism for Intervention With Manual Treatment. Cureus 2021; 13:e15923. [PMID: 34336427 PMCID: PMC8312802 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.15923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Interoception is considered a perception pathway as important as the exteroceptive pathways for determining responses to maintain homeostasis. There is evidence about the influence of the interoception on emotional responses as these expressions are considered to be a combination of physical, environmental and individual beliefs. A large percentage of afferent fibers in the body are related to free nerve endings which, when stimulated, reach the insular cortex that participates in the process of emotions. The viscera afferent fibers represent 5% to 15% of all these inputs. Evidence emerges that demonstrates the importance of visceral health as part of the treatment of patients with emotional imbalances. It can be postulated that manual treatment applied to visceral fasciae can assist in interoceptive balance and have a positive impact on emotions. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to discuss the concepts of interoception, central sensitization, emotional health and visceral manual treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Pasin Neto
- Osteopathy, Brazilian College of Osteopathy, Sorocaba, BRA.,Physiotherapy, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba, BRA
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Knechtle D, Schmid S, Suter M, Riner F, Moschini G, Senteler M, Schweinhardt P, Meier ML. Fear-avoidance beliefs are associated with reduced lumbar spine flexion during object lifting in pain-free adults. Pain 2021; 162:1621-1631. [PMID: 33323888 PMCID: PMC8120682 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT There is a long-held belief that physical activities such as lifting with a flexed spine is generally harmful for the back and can cause low back pain (LBP), potentially reinforcing fear-avoidance beliefs underlying pain-related fear. In patients with chronic LBP, pain-related fear has been shown to be associated with reduced lumbar range of motion during lifting, suggesting a protective response to pain. However, despite short-term beneficial effects for tissue health, recent evidence suggests that maintaining a protective trunk movement strategy may also pose a risk for (persistent) LBP due to possible pronociceptive consequences of altered spinal motion, potentially leading to increased loading on lumbar tissues. Yet, it is unknown if similar protective movement strategies already exist in pain-free individuals, which would yield potential insights into the role of fear-avoidance beliefs in motor behavior in the absence of pain. Therefore, the aim of this study is to test whether fear-avoidance beliefs influence spinal motion during lifting in a healthy cohort of pain-free adults without a history of chronic pain. The study subjects (N = 57) filled out several pain-related fear questionnaires and were asked to perform a lifting task (5kg-box). High-resolution spinal kinematics were assessed using an optical motion capturing system. Time-sensitive analyses were performed based on statistical parametric mapping. The results demonstrated time-specific and negative relationships between self-report measures of pain-related fear and lumbar spine flexion angles during lifting, indicating potential unfavorable interactions between psychological factors and spinal motion during lifting in pain-free subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Knechtle
- Integrative Spinal Research, Department of Chiropractic Medicine, Balgrist University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Chiropractic Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Schmid
- Spinal Movement Biomechanics Group, Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Health Professions, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Magdalena Suter
- Integrative Spinal Research, Department of Chiropractic Medicine, Balgrist University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Chiropractic Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Riner
- Integrative Spinal Research, Department of Chiropractic Medicine, Balgrist University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Chiropractic Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Greta Moschini
- Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Senteler
- Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Petra Schweinhardt
- Integrative Spinal Research, Department of Chiropractic Medicine, Balgrist University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Chiropractic Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
- Alan Edwards Center for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael L. Meier
- Integrative Spinal Research, Department of Chiropractic Medicine, Balgrist University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Chiropractic Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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14
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On the Use of Movement-Based Interaction with Smart Textiles for Emotion Regulation. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21030990. [PMID: 33540608 PMCID: PMC7867248 DOI: 10.3390/s21030990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Research from psychology has suggested that body movement may directly activate emotional experiences. Movement-based emotion regulation is the most readily available but often underutilized strategy for emotion regulation. This research aims to investigate the emotional effects of movement-based interaction and its sensory feedback mechanisms. To this end, we developed a smart clothing prototype, E-motionWear, which reacts to four movements (elbow flexion/extension, shoulder flexion/extension, open and closed arms, neck flexion/extension), fabric-based detection sensors, and three-movement feedback mechanisms (audio, visual and vibrotactile). An experiment was conducted using a combined qualitative and quantitative approach to collect participants’ objective and subjective emotional feelings. Results indicate that there was no interaction effect between movement and feedback mechanism on the final emotional results. Participants preferred vibrotactile and audio feedback rather than visual feedback when performing these four kinds of upper body movements. Shoulder flexion/extension and open-closed arm movements were more effective for improving positive emotion than elbow flexion/extension movements. Participants thought that the E-motionWear prototype were comfortable to wear and brought them new emotional experiences. From these results, a set of guidelines were derived that can help frame the design and use of smart clothing to support users’ emotional regulation.
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15
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Basso JC, Satyal MK, Rugh R. Dance on the Brain: Enhancing Intra- and Inter-Brain Synchrony. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 14:584312. [PMID: 33505255 PMCID: PMC7832346 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.584312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dance has traditionally been viewed from a Eurocentric perspective as a mode of self-expression that involves the human body moving through space, performed for the purposes of art, and viewed by an audience. In this Hypothesis and Theory article, we synthesize findings from anthropology, sociology, psychology, dance pedagogy, and neuroscience to propose The Synchronicity Hypothesis of Dance, which states that humans dance to enhance both intra- and inter-brain synchrony. We outline a neurocentric definition of dance, which suggests that dance involves neurobehavioral processes in seven distinct areas including sensory, motor, cognitive, social, emotional, rhythmic, and creative. We explore The Synchronicity Hypothesis of Dance through several avenues. First, we examine evolutionary theories of dance, which suggest that dance drives interpersonal coordination. Second, we examine fundamental movement patterns, which emerge throughout development and are omnipresent across cultures of the world. Third, we examine how each of the seven neurobehaviors increases intra- and inter-brain synchrony. Fourth, we examine the neuroimaging literature on dance to identify the brain regions most involved in and affected by dance. The findings presented here support our hypothesis that we engage in dance for the purpose of intrinsic reward, which as a result of dance-induced increases in neural synchrony, leads to enhanced interpersonal coordination. This hypothesis suggests that dance may be helpful to repattern oscillatory activity, leading to clinical improvements in autism spectrum disorder and other disorders with oscillatory activity impairments. Finally, we offer suggestions for future directions and discuss the idea that our consciousness can be redefined not just as an individual process but as a shared experience that we can positively influence by dancing together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C Basso
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States.,Center for Transformative Research on Health Behaviors, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States.,School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Medha K Satyal
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Rachel Rugh
- Center for Communicating Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States.,School of Performing Arts, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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16
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Payne H, Brooks SDM. A Qualitative Study of the Views of Patients With Medically Unexplained Symptoms on The BodyMind Approach ®: Employing Embodied Methods and Arts Practices for Self-Management. Front Psychol 2020; 11:554566. [PMID: 33364994 PMCID: PMC7750328 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.554566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The arts provide openings for symbolic expression by engaging the sensory experience in the body they become a source of insight through embodied cognition and emotion, enabling meaning-making, and acting as a catalyst for change. This synthesis of sensation and enactive, embodied expression through movement and the arts is capitalized on in The BodyMind Approach® (TBMA). It is integral to this biopsychosocial, innovative, unique intervention for people suffering medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) applied in primary healthcare. The relevance of embodiment and arts practices in TBMA are discussed in relation to the views of participants in the pursuit of self-management. If widely employed TBMA could have an enormous impact, reach, and significance for patients and global health services. This original pre-clinical trial of qualitative research reports on the perceptions of participant patients with generic MUS, a world-wide issue usually treated by either psychological therapy or physiotherapy. TBMA is not a therapy but a health education program founded upon the concept of an integration of psychological elements with physiological, bodily, and sensory experiences. Thematic analysis of qualitative data sets from open-ended questions in semi-structured interviews and a written questionnaire post intervention is presented. Five aspects which appear to be key to learning self-management were derived from analyzing the data: (1) body with mind connections; (2) importance of facilitation; (3) potential benefits; (4) preparedness for change; (5) self-acceptance/compassion. This article advances the discourse on the nature of self-management for MUS through changing the mind-set and the relationship participants have with their bodily symptom/s through employing embodied methods and arts practices, challenging current, and solely verbal, psychological conceptual frameworks. Rigor lies in the method of data analysis using cross verification of credibility between reported findings and scrutiny by stakeholders. We conclude that facilitated TBMA groups employing embodied methods and arts practices can act as a method for developing the self-management of MUS and improving wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Payne
- School of Education, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
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17
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Li T, Li G, Xue T, Zhang J. Analyzing Brain Connectivity in the Mutual Regulation of Emotion-Movement Using Bidirectional Granger Causality. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:369. [PMID: 32435177 PMCID: PMC7219140 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Body language and movement are important media of emotional expression. There is an interactive physiological relationship between emotion and movement. Thus, we hypothesize that the emotional cortex interacts with the motor cortex during the mutual regulation of emotion and movement. And this interaction can be revealed by brain connectivity analysis based on electroencephalogram (EEG) signal processing. We proposed a brain connectivity analysis method: bidirectional long short-term memory Granger causality (bi-LSTM-GC). The theoretical basis of the proposed method was Granger causality estimation using a bidirectional LSTM recurrent neural network (RNN) for solving nonlinear parameters. Then, we compared the accuracy of the bi-LSTM-GC with other unidirectional connectivity methods. The results demonstrated that the information interaction existed among multiple brain regions (EEG 10-20 system) in the paradigm of emotion-movement regulation. The detected directional dependencies in EEG signals were mainly distributed from the frontal to the central region and from the prefrontal to the central-parietal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Clothing Intelligence, School of Computer Science, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an, China
- State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Advanced Networking & Intelligent Information Services, School of Computer Science, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an, China
| | - Guoqi Li
- Center for Brain Inspired Computing Research (CBICR), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Xue
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Clothing Intelligence, School of Computer Science, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an, China
- State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Advanced Networking & Intelligent Information Services, School of Computer Science, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design and Rotor-Bearing System, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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18
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Can YS, Iles-Smith H, Chalabianloo N, Ekiz D, Fernández-Álvarez J, Repetto C, Riva G, Ersoy C. How to Relax in Stressful Situations: A Smart Stress Reduction System. Healthcare (Basel) 2020; 8:E100. [PMID: 32316370 PMCID: PMC7349817 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8020100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress is an inescapable element of the modern age. Instances of untreated stress may lead to a reduction in the individual's health, well-being and socio-economic situation. Stress management application development for wearable smart devices is a growing market. The use of wearable smart devices and biofeedback for individualized real-life stress reduction interventions has received less attention. By using our unobtrusive automatic stress detection system for use with consumer-grade smart bands, we first detected stress levels. When a high stress level is detected, our system suggests the most appropriate relaxation method by analyzing the physical activity-based contextual information. In more restricted contexts, physical activity is lower and mobile relaxation methods might be more appropriate, whereas in free contexts traditional methods might be useful. We further compared traditional and mobile relaxation methods by using our stress level detection system during an eight day EU project training event involving 15 early stage researchers (mean age 28; gender 9 Male, 6 Female). Participants' daily stress levels were monitored and a range of traditional and mobile stress management techniques was applied. On day eight, participants were exposed to a 'stressful' event by being required to give an oral presentation. Insights about the success of both traditional and mobile relaxation methods by using the physiological signals and collected self-reports were provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yekta Said Can
- Computer Engineering Department, Bogazici University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey; (N.C.); (D.E.); (C.E.)
| | - Heather Iles-Smith
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust/University of Leeds, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK;
| | - Niaz Chalabianloo
- Computer Engineering Department, Bogazici University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey; (N.C.); (D.E.); (C.E.)
| | - Deniz Ekiz
- Computer Engineering Department, Bogazici University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey; (N.C.); (D.E.); (C.E.)
| | - Javier Fernández-Álvarez
- General Psychology and Communication Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, 20123 Milan, Italy; (J.F.-Á.); (C.R.); (G.R.)
| | - Claudia Repetto
- General Psychology and Communication Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, 20123 Milan, Italy; (J.F.-Á.); (C.R.); (G.R.)
| | - Giuseppe Riva
- General Psychology and Communication Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, 20123 Milan, Italy; (J.F.-Á.); (C.R.); (G.R.)
| | - Cem Ersoy
- Computer Engineering Department, Bogazici University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey; (N.C.); (D.E.); (C.E.)
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