Family Leisure, Self-Management, and Satisfaction in Spanish Youth

Satisfaction with family life scale: a validity and reliability study in the Turkish context

BACKGROUND

The family is one of the most important pillars of society. They provide strong feelings of security, emotional support, and belonging. Family health has a significant impact on the welfare of people and society as a whole.

OBJECTIVES

This study aimed to create the Satisfaction with Family Life Scale (SWFLS) for Türkiye by modifying the well-known Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) first developed by Diener et al. (1985) and to evaluate its psychometric properties.

METHOD

The present study examined the factor structure, measurement invariance, convergent validity, and internal consistency of the SWFLS. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were performed on data from a research group of 646 participants aged 18-71 years (M = 31.71, SD = 11.79) in Study 1. As part of the validity assessment, CFA confirmed the unidimensional structure of the SWFLS. The reliability of the scale was assessed using Cronbach's alpha (α), composite reliability, and the McDonald 0mega (ω). In Study 2, the scale was administered to a new group of 555 participants aged 18 to 67 years (M = 36.4, SD = 9.73) to assess its criterion validity. Test-retest reliability was assessed using a sample of 48 undergraduate students via the intraclass correlation coefficient model 2.1 (ICC2,1).

RESULTS

The CFA's results verified the SWFLS's single-factor model. The internal consistency coefficients of Cronbach's α and McDonald's ω were both 0.93. The composite reliability value was 0.94. The result of test-retest reliability (ICC2,1) was 0.96 and ranged from the ICC2,1 value of 0.85 to 0.90 for items of the SWFLS. Multigroup analysis supported full measurement invariance across genders for the SWFLS. Corrected item correlations ranged from 0.75 0.85. The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS) and SWFLS were shown to have a positive correlation (r = .483, p 0.001), which supports the idea that the two scales have similar convergent validity.

CONCLUSIONS

Based on these results, the Turkish SWFLS version can be utilized to measure family life satisfaction in the Turkish sample and has appropriate psychometric validity and reliability.

Potential connection between positive frustration in family leisure time and the promotion of adolescent autonomy

Family relationships during leisure time in adolescence have the potential to promote positive development, particularly in terms of autonomy. However, the scientific literature that links specifically positive family leisure to the development of adolescent autonomy is scarce, and lower when analyzing the role of frustration in leisure time. Grounded in Self-Determination Theory (SDT) this article examines the potential relationship between positive frustration in family leisure time and the promotion of adolescent autonomy. For that purpose, the manuscript addresses four objectives to be discussed consecutively: (1) to delimit the concept of adolescent autonomy and point out the difficulty of parental support; (2) to explore positive frustration, a concept aligned with Csikszentmihalyi's theory of flow, as a construct that can promote socio-emotional development in adolescence; (3) to describe the components of family leisure; and (4) to understand how the experience of optimal frustration may be linked to the development of adolescent autonomy during family leisure time. From this central question, several additional inquiries emerge: the interplay of frustration and failure in adolescence, the importance of parents and adolescents spending quality time together, the enjoyment in structured family leisure time, the autonomy-supportive parenting in leisure time activities in relation to daily activities, the need to strengthen adolescent bonds developed in infancy, and the complexity of paternal and maternal autonomy granting.

Barriers and Facilitators to Leisure Physical Activity in Children: A Qualitative Approach Using the Socio-Ecological Model

Despite the benefits of engaging in physical activity during their leisure time, children do not meet the recommendations on physical activity. Following the socio-ecological model as a theoretical framework, the aim of this study was to determine the barriers and facilitators that influence physical activity participation in children's leisure time. Data collection was conducted through focus groups and individual drawings in a sample of 98 eight- to eleven-year-olds from six schools in Cuenca (Spain). Following the socio-ecological model, individual characteristics (age and sex), as well as the microsystem (parents and friends), mesosystem (timing and out-of-school schedule) and exosystem (safety and weather) influence physical activity participation. The relationships between these levels of the socio-ecological model reveal that opportunities for leisure physical activity are determined by children's schedules. This schedule is negotiated by the family and is influenced by parents' worries and necessities. This is the main barrier to physical activity participation due to the creation of more restrictive, sedentary schedules, especially for girls. Our results show the elements required to develop successful strategies to increase physical activity opportunities, namely, focusing on giving children the opportunity to choose activities, raising parents' awareness of the importance of physical activity and improving the perceived safety of parks, taking into consideration the gender perspective.