Polish Adaptation of the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale

Potential connection between positive frustration in family leisure time and the promotion of adolescent autonomy

Family relationships during leisure time in adolescence have the potential to promote positive development, particularly in terms of autonomy. However, the scientific literature that links specifically positive family leisure to the development of adolescent autonomy is scarce, and lower when analyzing the role of frustration in leisure time. Grounded in Self-Determination Theory (SDT) this article examines the potential relationship between positive frustration in family leisure time and the promotion of adolescent autonomy. For that purpose, the manuscript addresses four objectives to be discussed consecutively: (1) to delimit the concept of adolescent autonomy and point out the difficulty of parental support; (2) to explore positive frustration, a concept aligned with Csikszentmihalyi's theory of flow, as a construct that can promote socio-emotional development in adolescence; (3) to describe the components of family leisure; and (4) to understand how the experience of optimal frustration may be linked to the development of adolescent autonomy during family leisure time. From this central question, several additional inquiries emerge: the interplay of frustration and failure in adolescence, the importance of parents and adolescents spending quality time together, the enjoyment in structured family leisure time, the autonomy-supportive parenting in leisure time activities in relation to daily activities, the need to strengthen adolescent bonds developed in infancy, and the complexity of paternal and maternal autonomy granting.

Interpersonal differences in stress, coping, and satisfaction with life in the context of individual profiles of satisfaction and frustration of basic psychological needs

BACKGROUND

Basic psychological need theory has identified three basic needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Need satisfaction is necessary for development and well-being, while need frustration can lead to maladaptive functioning. The study investigated the significance of individual profiles of basic psychological need satisfaction and frustration in experiencing stress, coping, and satisfaction with life.

PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE

Participants (N = 622, Mage = 22.22 ± 4.30) completed the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, Stress Appraisal Questionnaire, COPE Inventory, and Satisfaction with Life Scale. We performed exploratory factor analysis to identify coping styles, latent profile analysis to distinguish groups with specific need profiles, and MANOVA to demonstrate differences between these groups.

RESULTS

Five coping styles were identified: (1) problem-focused, (2) emotion-focused, (3) meaning-focused, (4) escape-avoidance, and (5) religious. The following groups of individuals characterized by specific profiles of basic psychological need satisfaction and frustration were distinguished: (1) mainly low satisfaction and high frustration of relatedness; (2) high satisfaction and low frustration of all basic needs; (3) low satisfaction and high frustration of all basic needs; (4) average satisfaction and frustration of all basic needs; (5) mainly low satisfaction and high frustration of competence. These groups significantly differ in perceived stress, coping styles, and life satisfaction.

CONCLUSIONS

Individuals with profile 3 were the most stressed and tend to use escape-avoidance coping style. Participants with profile 2 coped using a problem-focused style and had higher life satisfaction. These findings indicate that a person-centered approach leads to a better understanding of experiencing stress and coping.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Mental Health in Chinese College Athletes during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Multiple Mediating Effects of Basic Psychological Needs and Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Psychological issues have a complex and multidimensional impact on a college athlete's training and performance. As the reserve talent of competitive sports, it is very important to investigate the psychological health of athletes. This study aims to explore the association between generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), basic psychological needs (BPN), and mental health (MH) among Chinese college athletes. Chinese college athletes who were willing to participate in the study, had participated in national competitions, and had a Chinese athlete rating certificate were included in this study. Participants completed the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and the Basic Needs Satisfaction in General Scale (BNSG-S). The study involved 665 college athletes (415 males and 250 females), with an average age of 20.43 years (SD = 1.68). We performed descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, and moderated chain mediation analyses using SPSS 22.0 and Hayes' PROCESS macro. The results of the final model showed that basic psychological needs were positively correlated with mental health (r = 0.443, p < 0.001), while PTSD (r = -0.346, p < 0.001) and generalized anxiety disorder (r = -0.527, p < 0.001) were negatively correlated with mental health among college athletes. There were significant indirect impacts. According to the bootstrapping results, basic psychological needs and generalized anxiety disorder played a mediating role in 22.54% and 50.29% of the total effects of PTSD on mental health, respectively. Meanwhile, the chain mediating effect of basic psychological needs and generalized anxiety disorder (7.23%) was also significant. The study's findings advance our understanding of the connections between PTSD and mental health and highlight the significant roles played by basic psychological needs and generalized anxiety disorder in that link among Chinese college athletes.

Who likes to learn new things? How Gamification User Types and Satisfaction but not the frustration of basic psychological needs explain the preference for learning new things

The concept of gamification, the use of game elements to improve performance in real-life tasks (such as learning), has been investigated thoroughly. Yet, the results are mixed with a tendency to be cautiously optimistic when it comes to how one can benefit from an application of gamification in education. The research shows that two factors are responsible for the unclear relationship: the context and gamification and the individual characteristics of the users. The purpose of this study was to investigate further the latter one. We tested the relationship between the Self Determination Theory (Basic Psychological Needs) and Gamification motives with a preference for learning new things (PLNT). We hypothesised a mediation effect between the needs and PLNT via gamification motives. Eight hundred seventy-three participants took part in the study, aged between 18 and 24 years old, 34 % were women. We employed two standardised instruments: The Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale and The Gamification User Types Hexad Scale, and three questions to measure PLNT. The results showed that only autonomy satisfaction and competence satisfaction predict the PLNT. Furthermore, gamification motives did mediate the relationship between the need and the PLNT. Still, in a limited way - three motives constructed a meta-motive (related to reward, autonomy and purpose) and mediated only the relationship between competence satisfaction and the PLNT. In contrast, the need for autonomy satisfaction directly predicted the PLNT. Whether certain needs and motivations help students learn new things or approach learning new things with keen interest remains an open question. Our study suggests that some needs and motivations might be more related to PLNT, but it may be so for reasons we were unable to test for, for instance, due to adaptive processes. This would, in turn, suggest that, much like in the case of values and their relation to happiness, it is not only the profile of needs and motivations that shape students' learning experience but rather the opportunity created for those students (by their teachers and by the system) to follow the needs and motivations they naturally have.

The basic psychological needs satisfaction and frustration scale at work: A validation in the Polish language

The aim of this research project was to validate the work-related version of the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (BPNSFS) into the Polish language and culture. Although studies have demonstrated the benefits associated with basic psychological need satisfaction and the costs associated with need frustration at work, the concept of needs has been neglected both in Polish scientific research and in practical organizational studies. The adaptation of the BPNSFS-Work Domain may change this situation and stimulate research in the Polish community. The scale has been validated in a sample consisting of three occupational groups: healthcare workers, education staff and customer service workers (N = 1315, Mage = 43.8). The findings suggest that the Polish scale has robust psychometric features. The CFA analysis proves that the scale has a six-dimensional structure similar to the original scale. These dimensions show satisfactory to high Cronbach's α and McDonalds ω reliability, and high criterion validity is shown by association of the six need dimensions with correlates of both positive (i.e., engagement, job crafting and self-efficacy) and negative aspects of work (i.e., burnout and stress). The structure of the scale is the same in all three occupational groups, although the regression weights and covariances are only partially invariant. The validated version of the BPNSFS-Work Domain can be used in future basic and applied studies in the paradigm of self-determination theory.

The Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale. Adaptation and associations with well-being and mental health disorders in a Polish sample

BACKGROUND

This study aimed to validate a Polish adaptation of the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (BPNS&FS) and determine the significance of need satisfaction and frustration for mental health. The scale measures satisfaction and frustration of basic psychological needs: autonomy, competence, relatedness. The measurement of these needs has an important role in the explanation of psychological well-being and risk of disorders.

PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE

The study involved 792 participants (50% woman) and 60 (67% men) alcohol addicted patients. We obtained a Polish translation equivalent to the original tool. Three theoretical models were tested by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA, N = 736). Reliability was tested using test-retest reliability, item-total correlation, and internal consistency. Criterion validity was evaluated based on the correlation with happiness resources, symptoms of mental health disorders, psychache, and risk of alcoholism.

RESULTS

CFA confirmed the validity of measurement for two independent dimensions: satisfaction and frustration of each need. The BPNS&FS is characterized by good reliability parameters. Criterion validity was confirmed by significantly positive relations of needs satisfaction with happiness resources, and negative relations with symptoms of mental health disorders, psychache, and the risk of alcoholism. Need frustration has opposite relations with the above variables. The validity was also supported by significantly higher need frustration among alcoholics, compared to a normative sample. Women differed significantly from men in lower autonomy and competence satisfaction and higher relatedness satisfaction.

CONCLUSIONS

The Polish version of the BPNS&FS is a valuable and reliable measurement tool. It has been confirmed that both the satisfaction and frustration of needs have important consequences for well-being and mental health.

Effect of the Frustration of Psychological Needs on Addictive Behaviors in Mobile Videogamers-The Mediating Role of Use Expectancies and Time Spent Gaming

Casual videogames (CVGs), played on smartphones, are becoming increasingly popular, especially among females and adults. Whereas the addictive potential of online (computer) videogames is well-established, there is yet insufficient evidence for Internet gaming disorder (IGD) in mobile gamers and for the mediating role of some mechanisms involved. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of the frustration of psychological needs on mobile videogamers’ addictive behavior as well as the role of cognitions (game-use expectancies) and behaviors (time spent playing) through a hypothesized serial mediation model, while controlling for important correlates, such as game genre, age, gender and payment during play. A total of 471 mobile game users (211 males) with an average age of 21.73 replied to an online survey containing sociodemographic and game variables, the Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (NSFS), the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form (IGDS9-SF) and a slightly modified version of the Internet Use Expectancies Scale (IUES). The results corroborate the negative effects of need frustration on IGD among mobile gamers and clarify the role of time spent playing and game-use expectancies in the development of IGD, highlighting the important role of cognitions in this relationship. We conclude that both the time spent playing and game-use expectancies should be important targets for clinical interventions, even though they are not included in the diagnostic criteria.