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Umeda M, Park SW. Association Between Self-Construals, Social Pain Sensitivity, and Gender in Young Adults. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38652651 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2024.2340633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We experience pain in response to negative, unwanted social interaction with others (e.g., social rejection), and this type of pain is termed as social pain in the recent literature. While sensitivity to social pain may be beneficial to increase a chance for survival, social pain sensitivity could also be detrimental to elevate the risk of various health issues. Such opposing natures of social pain sensitivity warrants research to better identify factors that are linked to social pain sensitivity. Self-construals show perspectives on how to view oneself in relations to others, characterized as independent and interdependent self-construals, and may be linked to social pain sensitivity. Additionally, pervious data have indicated gender differences in social pain sensitivity, but it is unclear if self-construals explain gender differences in social pain sensitivity. Therefore, this study examined if self-construals were associated with social pain sensitivity, and gender differences in social pain sensitivity were accounted for by self-construals. The participants were 148 college students who completed several self-report questionnaires to evaluate self-construals and social pain sensitivity. The results indicated that interdependent tendency, which showed higher interdependent self-construal than independent self-construal, was associated with social pain sensitivity. While gender differences in social pain sensitivity were confirmed, gender differences in social pain sensitivity were not accounted for by interdependent tendency. The results suggest that interdependent tendency is associated with social pain sensitivity, but is not involved in gender differences in social pain sensitivity.
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Ge C, Liu P, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Wang L, Qi Y. Self-construal modulates context-based social comparison preferences in outcome evaluations. Biol Psychol 2023; 183:108682. [PMID: 37689177 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Self-construal (SC) describes how people perceive the relationship between themselves and others and is usually divided into interdependent and independent types. Several studies have been conducted on how people with independent and interdependent SC process their own and others' outcomes. However, few studies have investigated the influence of SC on outcome evaluation in a social comparison context. To explore this, we randomly assigned participants to interdependent and independent SC priming groups and analyzed the affects and electrophysiological responses generated when they played gambling games with two pseudo-players. The results showed that self-gambling state, SC, and social comparison interacted to influence feedback-related negativity (FRN). In the self-win condition, performances that differed from others elicited more negative FRN than evenness for both the interdependent and independent groups. In the self-loss condition, this effect was only found in the independent group. These results suggest that the outcome evaluation patterns in social contexts are not fixed but vary according to self-gambling state and SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Ge
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Panting Liu
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yuying Liu
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- Centre for Cognition and Brain disorders, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310015, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Yanyan Qi
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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Jia L, Zheng Z, Sung B, Compton BJ, Wang J. Resisting repeated exposure: Characteristics of pain empathy for experienced physicians. Behav Brain Res 2023; 436:114099. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Mauchand M, Pell MD. Listen to my feelings! How prosody and accent drive the empathic relevance of complaining speech. Neuropsychologia 2022; 175:108356. [PMID: 36037914 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Interpersonal communication often involves sharing our feelings with others; complaining, for example, aims to elicit empathy in listeners by vocally expressing a speaker's suffering. Despite the growing neuroscientific interest in the phenomenon of empathy, few have investigated how it is elicited in real time by vocal signals (prosody), and how this might be affected by interpersonal factors, such as a speaker's cultural background (based on their accent). To investigate the neural processes at play when hearing spoken complaints, twenty-six French participants listened to complaining and neutral utterances produced by in-group French and out-group Québécois (i.e., French-Canadian) speakers. Participants rated how hurt the speaker felt while their cerebral activity was monitored with electroencephalography (EEG). Principal Component Analysis of Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) taken at utterance onset showed culture-dependent time courses of emotive prosody processing. The high motivational relevance of ingroup complaints increased the P200 response compared to all other utterance types; in contrast, outgroup complaints selectively elicited an early posterior negativity in the same time window, followed by an increased N400 (due to ongoing effort to derive affective meaning from outgroup voices). Ingroup neutral utterances evoked a late negativity which may reflect re-analysis of emotively less salient, but culturally relevant ingroup speech. Results highlight the time-course of neurocognitive responses that contribute to emotive speech processing for complaints, establishing the critical role of prosody as well as social-relational factors (i.e., cultural identity) on how listeners are likely to "empathize" with a speaker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maël Mauchand
- McGill University, School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Marc D Pell
- McGill University, School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Li Y, Wei Z, Shao M, Hong M, Yang D, Luo L, Meng J. Empathy for pain in individuals with autistic traits during observation of static and dynamic stimuli. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1022087. [PMID: 36465286 PMCID: PMC9709309 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1022087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that individuals with autistic traits, like those with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), may have impaired empathic responses when observing static stimuli of others' pain. However, it remains unclear whether individuals with autistic traits exhibit impaired empathy for pain in response to dynamic stimuli. The present study addressed this question by recruiting 529 individuals whose autistic traits were assessed using the autism-spectrum quotient (AQ) questionnaire. Thirty participants who scored within the top 10% and bottom 10% on the AQ were selected into High-AQ and Low-AQ groups, respectively. This study employed painful whole-body action pictures and videos as static and dynamic stimuli. Both groups were instructed to judge whether the models in the stimuli were experiencing pain, and their reaction times, accuracy and event-related potential (ERP) data were recorded. Results showed that the P2 amplitudes were larger in the High-AQ group than in the Low-AQ group when viewing painful static stimuli, while no difference between the two groups was found when viewing painful dynamic stimuli. These results suggest that autistic traits influenced the emotional processing of others' pain in response to static stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Psychology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China.,Research Center for Brain and Cognitive Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zilong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Applied Psychology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China.,Research Center for Brain and Cognitive Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Shao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Psychology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China.,Research Center for Brain and Cognitive Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingyu Hong
- Key Laboratory of Applied Psychology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China.,Research Center for Brain and Cognitive Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Di Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Psychology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China.,Research Center for Brain and Cognitive Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Longli Luo
- Key Laboratory of Applied Psychology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China.,Research Center for Brain and Cognitive Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Meng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Psychology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China.,Research Center for Brain and Cognitive Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
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Chen VHH, Ibasco GC, Leow VJX, Lew JYY. The Effect of VR Avatar Embodiment on Improving Attitudes and Closeness Toward Immigrants. Front Psychol 2021; 12:705574. [PMID: 34721153 PMCID: PMC8554103 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.705574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Past research has discussed how the embodiment of an outgroup avatar in virtual reality (VR) can reduce intergroup bias. However, little is known about the mechanisms and boundary conditions that shape this effect. This study examines how the embodiment of both outgroup and ingroup VR avatars in different orders influences attitudes and perceived closeness toward a co-ethnic immigrant outgroup in Singapore. It also investigates the role of empathy and social identity orientation (SIO) in this relationship. An experiment with four avatar embodiment conditions (ingroup-then-outgroup, outgroup-then-ingroup, ingroup-only, and outgroup-only) was carried out with 171 participants from a public university in Singapore. Results showed that embodying an outgroup avatar alone, compared to embodying an ingroup avatar alone, significantly improves both attitudes and closeness toward an immigrant outgroup. The order of embodiment matters to an extent, suggesting the greater effectiveness of outgroup-first over ingroup-first embodiment in reducing bias. Empathy mediates the effect of all three outgroup embodiment conditions on improved attitudes and closeness toward immigrants. It was also found that the stronger one’s SIO is, the more effective embodiment is in improving perceived closeness with the outgroup via empathy. Theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Hsueh Hua Chen
- Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gabrielle C Ibasco
- Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vetra Jing Xuan Leow
- Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Juline Yun Yee Lew
- Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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CHEN J, WU K, SHI Y, AI X. The relationship between dispositional self-construal and empathy foringroup and outgroup members’ pain: evidence from ERPs. ACTA PSYCHOLOGICA SINICA 2021. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1041.2021.00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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