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Khaing K, Dolja-Gore X, Nair BR, Byles J, Attia J. The Effect of Temporal Persistence of Loneliness on Dementia: A Longitudinal Analysis From the Hunter Community Study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2024; 39:e6132. [PMID: 39126392 DOI: 10.1002/gps.6132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Loneliness is common and becoming a public health concern. Although there is the clear evidence of the variable effect of temporal differences in loneliness (transient/situational and persistent/chronic) on health, their effect on dementia risk is unclear. This study aims to assess the effect of transient/situational and persistent/chronic loneliness on dementia risk. METHOD Participants aged 55 years and older from the Hunter Community Study were recruited. Loneliness was measured using a single item measure. Dementia was defined as per International Classification of Disease-10 (ICD 10) codes. The Fine-Gray subdistribution hazard model was performed to calculate dementia risk. RESULTS Of 1968 total participants with mean age of 66 years, (3%) 57 developed dementia and (7%) 135 died over the mean follow up of 10 years. Both persistent/chronic and transient/situational loneliness significantly increased the risk of all cause dementia in adjusted models (HR 2.74, 95% CI 1.11-6.88, p 0.03 and HR 2.35, 95% CI 1.21-4.55, p 0.01 respectively) with mean time to event of 9.7 years. Feeling lonely below the age of 70 years elevated the risk of dementia in later life (HR 4.01, 95% CI 1.40-11.50, p 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Loneliness (both persistent/chronic and transient/situational) was associated with increased risk of all cause dementia, especially if loneliness was experienced before the age of 70 years. These results suggest that promoting coping strategies for loneliness especially in persons 70 years and younger may play a role in preventing dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Khaing
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Xenia Dolja-Gore
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Balakrishnan R Nair
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Julie Byles
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - John Attia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
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Byrne C, Coetzer R, Ramsey R. Cognitive Processing Speed and Loneliness in Stroke Survivors: Insights from a Large-Scale Cohort Study. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2024:acae032. [PMID: 38760928 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acae032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Loneliness, when prolonged, is associated with many deleterious effects and has been shown to be highly prevalent in those with a history of stroke, yet the cognitive mechanisms underpinning this phenomenon remain unclear. Therefore, the current study aims to investigate the extent to which cognitive factors, with specific focus on processing speed, are associated with loneliness in those with a history of stroke. METHOD Utilizing data from the British Cohort Study, a nationally representative dataset, we conducted secondary data analysis. A total of 7,752 participants completed relevant questions related to health, social interactions, demographics, loneliness, and cognitive assessments. Among them, 47 had experienced a stroke ("stroke," n = 47), 5,545 reported other health conditions ("ill," n = 5,545), and 2,857 were deemed healthy ("healthy," n = 2,857). RESULTS Consistent with previous research, our findings confirmed a positive correlation between stroke history and heightened loneliness. However, inferential analysis revealed that processing speed, alongside other cognitive factors, had a minimal impact on loneliness, with correlations too small to draw definitive conclusions. CONCLUSION This study suggests that cognitive processing speed alone is not a robust predictor of loneliness in stroke survivors. Consequently, when developing interventions to combat loneliness in this population, it is crucial to consider a broader spectrum of factors, such as social engagement, emotional wellbeing, and interpersonal relationships. This underscores the imperative need for comprehensive assessments to better comprehend the multifaceted nature of loneliness and inform more effective intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Byrne
- School of Psychology & Sport Science, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales, LL57 2AS, United Kingdom
- Brainkind, 32 Market Place, Burgess Hill, West Sussex, RH15 9NP, United Kingdom
| | - Rudi Coetzer
- School of Psychology & Sport Science, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales, LL57 2AS, United Kingdom
- Brainkind, 32 Market Place, Burgess Hill, West Sussex, RH15 9NP, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Ramsey
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology and Department of Humanities, Social and Political Sciences, ETH Zürich, Stampfenbachstrasse 69, 8006, Zürich, Switzerland
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Treder MS, Lee S, Tsvetanov KA. Introduction to Large Language Models (LLMs) for dementia care and research. FRONTIERS IN DEMENTIA 2024; 3:1385303. [PMID: 39081594 PMCID: PMC11285660 DOI: 10.3389/frdem.2024.1385303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Dementia is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects cognitive abilities including memory, reasoning, and communication skills, leading to gradual decline in daily activities and social engagement. In light of the recent advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT, this paper aims to thoroughly analyse their potential applications and usefulness in dementia care and research. Method To this end, we offer an introduction into LLMs, outlining the key features, capabilities, limitations, potential risks, and practical considerations for deployment as easy-to-use software (e.g., smartphone apps). We then explore various domains related to dementia, identifying opportunities for LLMs to enhance understanding, diagnostics, and treatment, with a broader emphasis on improving patient care. For each domain, the specific contributions of LLMs are examined, such as their ability to engage users in meaningful conversations, deliver personalized support, and offer cognitive enrichment. Potential benefits encompass improved social interaction, enhanced cognitive functioning, increased emotional well-being, and reduced caregiver burden. The deployment of LLMs in caregiving frameworks also raises a number of concerns and considerations. These include privacy and safety concerns, the need for empirical validation, user-centered design, adaptation to the user's unique needs, and the integration of multimodal inputs to create more immersive and personalized experiences. Additionally, ethical guidelines and privacy protocols must be established to ensure responsible and ethical deployment of LLMs. Results We report the results on a questionnaire filled in by people with dementia (PwD) and their supporters wherein we surveyed the usefulness of different application scenarios of LLMs as well as the features that LLM-powered apps should have. Both PwD and supporters were largely positive regarding the prospect of LLMs in care, although concerns were raised regarding bias, data privacy and transparency. Discussion Overall, this review corroborates the promising utilization of LLMs to positively impact dementia care by boosting cognitive abilities, enriching social interaction, and supporting caregivers. The findings underscore the importance of further research and development in this field to fully harness the benefits of LLMs and maximize their potential for improving the lives of individuals living with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias S. Treder
- School of Computer Science & Informatics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sojin Lee
- Olive AI Limited, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kamen A. Tsvetanov
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Defrancesco M, Schurr TA, Hofer A. COVID-19 restrictions promoted the newly occurring loneliness in older people - a prospective study in a memory clinic population. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1340498. [PMID: 38528978 PMCID: PMC10961460 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1340498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction A high burden and many negative outcomes for older people were associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Social isolation and loneliness are prevalent health problems impacting well-being and quality of life and may have increased due to pandemic-related restrictions. Methods: This study investigate the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on loneliness in people visiting a mem40ory clinic between March 2020 and September 2022. We conducted a prospective, single-center, questionnaire-based observational follow-up study to assess potential predictors of newly occurring, pandemic-related loneliness. Next to a newly developed COVID-19 questionnaire, a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery, the Neuropsychiatric Inventory and the Geriatric Depression Scale were used. Results In total 426 people (mean age: 76.48 years, 12.9% cognitively intact, 33.1% diagnosed with Mild Cognitive Impairment, 49.8% diagnosed with dementia, and 4.2% diagnosed with depression) completed the COVID-19 questionnaire at baseline and 166 at follow-up. Newly occurring loneliness was indicated by 22.3% of baseline participants and by 24.1% of follow-up participants. Results of logistic regression analysis showed that living alone (OR 5.452) and having less contact with friends (OR 2.771) were most predictive of the occurrence of loneliness. The use of digital communication media as an alternative strategy for social interaction was lowest in dementia patients (6-13%). Discussion In conclusion, personal contacts and a close friendship network appear to be more decisive to prevent loneliness in older people than does the use of digital communication media. However, promoting an intensified use of digital communication media may be useful to counteract loneliness, especially in dementia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Defrancesco
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Goh KW, Ishikawa S, Okubo R, Kusumi I, Tabuchi T. Are patients with mental disorders more vulnerable to loneliness and social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic? - Findings from the Japan COVID-19 and Society Internet Survey. J Affect Disord 2023; 340:72-79. [PMID: 37556872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loneliness and social isolation are well-known factors that worsen the symptoms among patients with mental disorders. Few previous studies have explored loneliness and social isolation among populations with mental disorders during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Therefore, our study examined the mental health impact of the pandemic on these population groups in terms of loneliness and social isolation. METHODS We used data from the Japan COVID-19 and Society Internet Surveys, a large-scale online survey. Using multivariable logistic regression analysis, we calculated the odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) of moderate-to-severe loneliness and high social isolation for major chronic diseases, including mental disorders, after adjusting for potential confounders. Calculations were performed for each type of mental disorder. Finally, calculations were performed to explore the association between moderate-to-severe loneliness or high social isolation and psychiatric symptoms among patients with mental disorders. RESULTS Of the 28,175 participants, 2021 (7.2 %) had a mental disorder. Mental disorders, especially depression and anxiety disorders, were found to be associated with a higher risk of moderate-to-severe loneliness and high social isolation. Patients with mental disorders who experienced moderate-to-severe loneliness and high social isolation were found to have exacerbated psychiatric symptoms. LIMITATION Our findings were obtained from a cross-sectional study design. CONCLUSIONS Patients with mental disorders were more vulnerable to moderate-to-severe loneliness and high social isolation during the pandemic, which contributed to the exacerbation of their symptoms. Depression and anxiety, in particular, were most likely to occur and required special attention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuhei Ishikawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Ryo Okubo
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, National Hospital Organization Obihiro Hospital, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kusumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tabuchi
- Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
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Guarnera J, Yuen E, Macpherson H. The Impact of Loneliness and Social Isolation on Cognitive Aging: A Narrative Review. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:699-714. [PMID: 37483321 PMCID: PMC10357115 DOI: 10.3233/adr-230011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Social concepts such as loneliness and social isolation are fairly new factors that have been recently gaining attention as to their involvement in changes in cognitive function and association with dementia. The primary aim of this narrative review was to describe the current understanding of how loneliness and social isolation influence cognitive aging and how they are linked to dementia. Studies have shown that there is an association between loneliness, social isolation, and reduced cognitive function, in older adults, across multiple cognitive domains, as well as a heightened risk of dementia. Numerous changes to underlying neural biomechanisms including cortisol secretion and brain volume alterations (e.g., white/grey matter, hippocampus) may contribute to these relationships. However, due to poor quality research, mixed and inconclusive findings, and issues accurately defining and measuring loneliness and social isolation, more consistent high-quality interventions are needed to determine whether studies addressing loneliness and social isolation can impact longer term risk of dementia. This is especially important given the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social isolation in older people is yet to be fully understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Guarnera
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Eva Yuen
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Quality and Patient Safety-Monash Health Partnership, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen Macpherson
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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Carbone E, Piras F, Pellegrini FF, Caffarra P, Borella E. Individual differences among older adults with mild and moderate dementia in social and emotional loneliness and their associations with cognitive and psychological functioning. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:859. [DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03517-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Loneliness is a major health issue among older adults. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between loneliness, in its social and emotional facets, and the cognitive (language), and behavioral/psychological functioning as well as quality of life (QoL) in people with mild and moderate dementia, i.e., considering dementia severity as an individual characteristic.
Methods
This cross-sectional study involved 58 people with mild dementia and 55 people with moderate dementia. Participants completed the Social and Emotional Loneliness scale, along with measures assessing their language skills, the frequency and severity of their behavioral and psychological symptoms, and their QoL.
Results
Socio-demographic characteristics and depression, but not loneliness or its social and emotional facets, contributed to explain participants’ behavioral and psychological symptoms, regardless of dementia severity. Loneliness explained, though to a small extent (8% of variance), language skills in people with moderate dementia, with social loneliness only accounting for language skills (18% of variance) in this group. Loneliness also modestly accounted for dysphoria symptoms in both the mildly and moderately impaired (6% and 5% of variance, respectively) individuals with social loneliness predicting dysphoric mood in the former group only (7% of variance). Loneliness also explained, to a larger extent, QoL in both the mildly impaired and moderately impaired individuals (27% and 20% of variance, respectively), its social facet predicting QoL in the mildly impaired (30% of variance), and its emotional facet in the moderately impaired (21% of variance) group.
Conclusion
These findings suggest that loneliness and its facets have a clear impact on perceived QoL, and influence the language skills and dysphoria symptoms of people with dementia, to a degree that depends on dementia severity. The assessment of loneliness and its facets in people with dementia considering dementia severity, and the promotion of social inclusion to reduce it should be considered by professionals.
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Chadwick C, Hussain A, Carone L, Yates J, Dening T. Going for gold: Sports and exercise groups for people with dementia and carers contribute to their well-being. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2022; 3:953822. [DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2022.953822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundInterventions involving exercise appear to have positive effects, both for people with dementia and for their carers. Quality of life and well-being are especially important outcomes. This study investigated how a sports and exercise group for people with dementia and their carers could contribute to the well-being of those attending the group.MethodsThe study was a qualitative investigation, comprising semi-structured interviews, a focus group and observations. Participants included people with dementia and carers attending the group sessions, as well as staff providing the programme. The group sessions were provided weekly by the charitable trust of a leading sports venue. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsA total of 16 participants were interviewed, including four people with dementia, eight carers, and four members of staff. Five main themes were identified: “Support to keep active and engaged is highly valued by people with dementia and carers”; “The challenges of being a carer are significant but sharing the experience really helps”; “People with dementia can have flourishing social lives”; “The group helps to maintain identity despite physical and role changes”; and “There are practical aspects of the group that make it appealing”.DiscussionPeople with dementia enjoy physical activity and experience the benefits of it. The sports and exercise group had an important role in providing access to activities that people with dementia and their carers value and enjoy, but would be difficult to undertake without a facilitated and safe environment. The group benefited the well-being of both people with dementia and carers in various ways, with peer support being of particular importance for carers.
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Zhang Y, Tatewaki Y, Liu Y, Tomita N, Nagasaka T, Muranaka M, Yamamoto S, Takano Y, Nakase T, Mutoh T, Taki Y. Perceived social isolation is correlated with brain structure and cognitive trajectory in Alzheimer’s disease. GeroScience 2022; 44:1563-1574. [PMID: 35526259 PMCID: PMC9079214 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00584-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Both objective and perceived social isolations were associated with future cognitive decline and increase risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the impacts of perceived social isolation depending on different clinical stages of AD have not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of perceived social isolation or loneliness on brain structure and future cognitive trajectories in patients who are living with or are at risk for AD. A total of 176 elderly patients (mean age of 78 years) who had complaint of memory problems (39 subjective cognitive decline [SCD], 53 mild cognitive impairment [MCI], 84 AD) underwent structural MRI and neuropsychological testing. Loneliness was measured by one binary item question “Do you often feel lonely?.” Voxel-based morphometry was conducted to evaluate regional gray matter volume (rGMV) difference associated with loneliness in each group. To evaluate individual differences in cognitive trajectories based on loneliness, subgroup analysis was performed in 51 patients with AD (n = 23) and pre-dementia status (SCD-MCI, n = 28) using the longitudinal scores of Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive component-Japanese version (ADAS-Jcog). Whole brain VBM analysis comparing lonely to non-lonely patients revealed loneliness was associated with decreased rGMV in bilateral thalamus in SCD patients and in the left middle occipital gyrus and the cerebellar vermal lobules I − V in MCI patients. Annual change of ADAS-Jcog in patients who reported loneliness was significantly greater comparing to these non-lonely in SCD-MCI group, but not in AD group. Our results indicate that perceived social isolation, or loneliness, might be a comorbid symptom of patients with SCD or MCI, which makes them more vulnerable to the neuropathology of future AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yasuko Tatewaki
- Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Neuroimaging, Tohoku University Hospital, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yingxu Liu
- Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Naoki Tomita
- Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Neuroimaging, Tohoku University Hospital, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Nagasaka
- Division of Radiology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Michiho Muranaka
- Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Neuroimaging, Tohoku University Hospital, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shuzo Yamamoto
- Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Neuroimaging, Tohoku University Hospital, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yumi Takano
- Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Neuroimaging, Tohoku University Hospital, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Taizen Nakase
- Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Neuroimaging, Tohoku University Hospital, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Mutoh
- Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Neuroimaging, Tohoku University Hospital, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
- Department of Surgical Neurology, Research Institute for Brain and Blood Vessels-AKITA, Akita, 010-0874, Japan.
| | - Yasuyuki Taki
- Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Neuroimaging, Tohoku University Hospital, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
- Smart-Aging Research Center, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
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Yin S, Zhu F, Li Z, Che D, Li L, Zhang L, Zhong Y, Luo B, Wu X. Research Hotspots and Trends in Music Therapy Intervention for Patients With Dementia: A Bibliometrics and Visual Analysis of Papers Published From 2010 to 2021. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:860758. [PMID: 35573325 PMCID: PMC9098357 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.860758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a serious public health problem, dementia has placed a heavy burden on society and families. Evidence suggests that the use of music therapy as a non-pharmacological intervention has certain advantages with respect to reducing the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) and improving the cognition and mental status of dementia patients. However, research trends and hotspots regarding music therapy intervention for dementia analysis have not been systematically studied via bibliometric analysis. METHODS We searched the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) for texts published between January 1, 2010, and October 31, 2021, and visualized country, institution, journal, keyword co-occurrence, keyword emergence and keyword clustering. RESULTS A total of 217 articles from the WoSCC database were analyzed. In this research field, the annual number of publications has generally shown a slowly increasing trend, and the United States has the most publications and the most frequent cooperation among countries. University College London (UCL) has the most extensive influence among research institutions. Among articles, those published in the JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE were the most numerous, with 20 such articles being published, accounting for 9.22% (20/217) of the total. Comprehensive analysis of five clusters via biclustering shows that the research hotspots in this field during the past 11 years have mainly focused on the autobiographical memory, cognitive function, mental state and BPSD of dementia patients. CONCLUSION This study conducted a bibliometric and visual analysis of relevant studies concerning music therapy intervention for dementia patients. Psychological problems faced by dementia patients and the topics of quality of life, individualized music therapy, the mental state of caregivers and other related topics may be important research directions in the future. Therefore, the question of how to develop standardized research protocols and identify unified efficacy evaluation indicators should be a focus of and difficulty for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao Yin
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengya Zhu
- Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, China
| | - Zhao Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Deya Che
- Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, China
| | - Liuying Li
- Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Medical Information Engineering, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Zhong
- Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, China
| | - Biao Luo
- Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, China
| | - Xiaohan Wu
- Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, China
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Affective Neuroscience of Loneliness: Potential Mechanisms underlying the Association between Perceived Social Isolation, Health, and Well-Being. JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND BRAIN SCIENCE 2022; 7:e220011. [PMID: 36778655 PMCID: PMC9910279 DOI: 10.20900/jpbs.20220011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Loneliness, or the subjective feeling of social isolation, is an important social determinant of health. Loneliness is associated with poor physical health, including higher rates of cardiovascular disease and dementia, faster cognitive decline, and increased risk of mortality, as well as disruptions in mental health, including higher levels of depression, anxiety, and negative affect. Theoretical accounts suggest loneliness is a complex cognitive and emotional state characterized by increased levels of inflammation and affective disruptions. This review examines affective neuroscience research on social isolation in animals and loneliness in humans to better understand the relationship between perceptions of social isolation and the brain. Loneliness associated increases in inflammation and neural changes consistent with increased sensitivity to social threat and disrupted emotion regulation suggest interventions targeting maladaptive social cognitions may be especially effective. Work in animal models suggests the neural changes associated with social isolation may be reversible. Therefore, ameliorating loneliness may be an actionable social determinant of health target. However, more research is needed to understand how loneliness impacts healthy aging, explore the role of inflammation as a potential mechanism in humans, and determine the best time to deliver interventions to improve physical health, mental health, and well-being across a diverse array of populations.
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