Reliability and Validity of the German Version of the Emotional Style Questionnaire

Psychometric validation of the Italian version of the Emotional Style Questionnaire

Emotional styles concern the ways in which individuals adapt and respond to the world and can be defined using six dimensions: outlook, resilience, social intuition, self-awareness, sensitivity to context and attention. The Emotional Style Questionnaire (ESQ) assesses how people vary across the dimensions and gauges an individual's overall level of emotional health. An Italian version of the ESQ (ESQ-ITA) could favour the understanding of cultural characteristics concerning emotions and personality within the Italian population, with both clinical and social implications. The aim of the present study is to validate the ESQ in the Italian language and to assess its psychometric properties. Two studies were conducted. Study 1 examined construct validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability, through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Cronbach's alpha estimates, and by estimating the Spearman's rank correlation Study 2 examined construct validity and internal consistency through the CFA and Cronbach's alpha estimates and investigated criterion validity by correlating the ESQ-ITA dimensions with the corresponding scales or subscales used for the validation estimating, again, the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient Study 2 also examined the criterion validity of the validated scales and the ESQ-ITA overall score to assess its suitability as an indicator of emotional health. ESQ-ITA was confirmed to be reliable and stable. The correlation between the ESQ-ITA overall score and the other scales and questionnaires supports the use of ESQ-ITA to measure emotional health. The Italian version of the ESQ opens up the possibility to enrich the research landscape with new knowledge that will be useful for advancing the pathogenetic and therapeutic aspects of psychological distress and emotional dysregulation.

Psychometric validation of the polish version of the emotional style questionnaire

In three studies, we document the validity of the Polish version of the Emotional Style Questionnaire (ESQ)-a 24-item self-report measure that captures how people vary across six dimensions that make up a healthy emotional life. Study 1 provides support for the proposed factorial structure of the Polish version of the scale and gender measurement invariance, demonstrates the similarity of the Polish and English versions of the scale, and reveals the excellent test-retest reliability of the scale across an interval of two months. Study 2 confirms the adequacy of the factorial structure in another sample, shows that the construct validity for each of the six subscales is similar to that of the original scale, and documents the age measurement invariance of the scale. Finally, in Study 3, we investigate measurement invariance across Polish and American samples and demonstrate that Poles are characterized by lower scores on healthy emotionality and its dimensions compared to Americans. We conclude that the Polish version of the ESQ is a psychometrically valid and easily implementable measurement tool that can be applied in research settings to measure healthy emotionality and its components.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-022-03323-4.