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Zhang Y, Gong L, Feng Q, Hu K, Liu C, Jiang T, Zhang Q. Association between negative life events through mental health and non-suicidal self-injury with young adults: evidence for sex moderate correlation. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:466. [PMID: 38914977 PMCID: PMC11197180 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05880-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has exhibited an increasing trend in recent years and is now globally recognized as a major public health problem among adolescents and young adults. Negative life events (NLEs) are positively associated with NSSI. We sought to explore (1) whether sex plays a role in the risk of NLEs leading to NSSI and (2) the role played by mental health (MH). METHODS We adopted a multi-stage cluster sampling method to select college students across four grades from May to June 2022. Generalized linear models were used to evaluate the relationships between NLEs, sex, MH and NSSI, presented as incidence-rate ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We examined the complex relationship between these variables using the PROCESS method for moderation analysis. RESULTS Following the exclusion of data that did not meet the study requirements, data from 3,578 students (mean age: 20.53 [± 1.65] years) were included. Poisson regression results indicate that high-level NLEs (RR = 0.110, 95%CI: 0.047-0.173) are associated with increased NSSI. Furthermore, interaction effects were observed among sex, NLEs and NSSI. MH and sex moderated the relationship between NLEs and NSSI. CONCLUSION Identifying risk factors for NSSI is also important when exploring the interaction between NLEs and MH given the potential for NSSI to significantly increase the risk of later psychopathological symptoms and substance abuse problems. In addition, the significance of sex differences in risk factors for NSSI should be determined. This study evaluated how the impact of NLEs on NSSI can be reduced among adolescents from multiple perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Li Gong
- Wuxi Huishan District People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214187, China
| | - Qing Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
| | - Keyan Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan, University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, 471003, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
| | - Tian Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China.
| | - Qiu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China.
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Xia X, Tang J, Peng Y, Liu Y, Chen Y, Yuan M, Yu R, Hou X, Fu Y. Brain alterations in adolescents with first-episode depression who have experienced adverse events: evidence from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1358770. [PMID: 38654725 PMCID: PMC11036546 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1358770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adverse life events constitute primary risk factors for major depressive disorder (MDD), influencing brain function and structure. Adolescents, with their brains undergoing continuous development, are particularly susceptible to enduring impacts of adverse events. Methods We investigated differences and correlations among childhood trauma, negative life events, and alterations of brain function in adolescents with first-episode MDD. The study included 23 patients with MDD and 19 healthy controls, aged 10-19 years. All participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and were assessed using the beck depression inventory, childhood trauma questionnaire, and adolescent self-rating life events checklist. Results Compared with healthy controls, participants with first-episode MDD were more likely to have experienced emotional abuse, physical neglect, interpersonal relationship problems, and learning stress (all p' < 0.05). These adverse life events were significantly correlated with alterations in brain functions (all p < 0.05). Discussion This study contributes novel evidence on the underlying process between adverse life events, brain function, and depression, emphasizing the significant neurophysiological impact of environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Xia
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinxiang Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yadong Peng
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Meng Yuan
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Renqiang Yu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Hou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Yixiao Fu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Suo X, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Liu Y, Wang K, Li H, Zhai J, Liu Y, Zhang Y. Effects of parenting style on depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and their comorbidity during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown among 3117 Chinese junior high school students. J Affect Disord 2024; 347:549-556. [PMID: 38072163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and comorbidity increased in junior high school students due to the outbreak of COVID-19. The objective of this study was to measure the impacts of parenting style on depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and their comorbidity in Chinese junior high school students during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown period. METHODS An online survey was conducted in June 2020 among 3117 junior high school students from Shandong Province, China. The Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran scale was used to measure parenting styles. The 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire scale and the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale were used to measure depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms, respectively. Multinomial logistic regression was conducted with SPSS 25.0 Version. RESULTS 3117 junior school students enrolled in this study. The prevalence of depressive symptoms only, anxiety symptoms only, and comorbidity among junior high school students was 11.55 %, 5.29 %, and 22.97 %. Paternal over-protection was a risk factor not only for depressive symptoms only (OR = 1.075, 95 % CI = 1.020-1.134) but for anxiety symptoms only (OR = 1.090, 95 % CI = 1.016-1.170) and comorbidity (OR = 1.098, 95 % CI = 1.050-1.148). Paternal over-interference was a protective factor for depressive symptoms only (OR = 0.947, 95 % CI = 0.908-0.987) and comorbidity (OR = 0.953, 95 % CI = 0.921-0.986). However, maternal over-interference and over-protection were risk factors for depressive symptoms only (OR = 1.039, 95 % CI = 1.011-1.068). LIMITATIONS This was a cross-sectional study and the causal inferences could not be conducted. CONCLUSIONS Junior high school students with poorer family environmental factors were more likely to suffer from the comorbidity of anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Decision-makers from the government, educational, and healthcare institutions should pay more attention to junior high school students at higher risk of mental disorders due to poor parenting styles. We should discuss family interventions in the future to prevent mental disorders in junior high school students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingbo Suo
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yujia Liu
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yanzhi Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Kejin Wang
- The First Senior Middle School of Jining City, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Hanyun Li
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinguo Zhai
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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He Y, Zeng Q, Zhang M. The Mediating Roles of Future Work Self and Hope on the Association Between Perceived Social Support and Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese Vocational School Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:2125-2136. [PMID: 37334406 PMCID: PMC10275316 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s414356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Depressive symptoms are serious mental health problems, which are harmful for adolescents' physical and psychological development. Limited studies have focused on depressive symptoms of vocational high school students, who are more susceptible to mental health problems than high school students. Based on the main effect model of social support and self-regulation theory, the current study aims at exploring two potential mediating roles of hope and future work self on the relationship between perceived social support and depressive symptoms among vocational high school students by a cross-sectional study. Participants and Methods A total of 521 vocational high school students aged 14-21 (M= 16.45; SD= 0.91) participated in the survey. There were 266 males (51.1%) and 255 females (48.9%). The multidimensional scale of perceived social support, the future work self scale, the children's hope scale, and the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale were applied in the study. Results The results revealed that: (1) perceived social support, future work self, and hope were negatively related to depressive symptoms (r = -0.25 to -0.35, p < 0.001); (2) students who perceived more social support have fewer depressive symptoms (β = -0.22, p < 0.001); (3) perceived social support predicted a more salient future work self and then was associated with higher levels of hope, which in turn, was related to lower levels of depressive symptoms (β = -0.02, and 95% CI = [-0.035, -0.005]). Conclusion Perceived social support was the protective factor against vocational school students' depressive symptoms. More specifically, stronger perceived social support predicted a more salient future work self, which promoted high level of hope, and ultimately decreased vocational school students' depressive symptoms. The findings provide enlighten implications for interventions on depressive symptoms among vocational high school students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingshi He
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Zeng
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minqiang Zhang
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Jiang Z, Wang Z, Diao Q, Chen J, Tian G, Cheng X, Zhao M, He L, He Q, Sun J, Liu J. The relationship between negative life events and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among Chinese junior high school students: the mediating role of emotions. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2022; 21:45. [PMID: 36403014 PMCID: PMC9675228 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-022-00423-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is common and adolescence is the most common period of first self-injury, and the occurrence of NSSI is influenced by negative life events and emotional symptoms. The mediating role of emotional symptoms in the interaction between negative life events and NSSI has not been carefully investigated yet. METHODS For middle school students in three schools in a Chinese province, the Adolescents Self-Harm Scale was used to investigate NSSI, the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List was used to investigate adolescent negative life events, and the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and Self-Rating Depression Scale were used to assess their emotional symptoms. After the description of general data and the test for differences between groups, the relationship between negative life events, emotional symptoms and NSSI was analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the mediating role of emotions in negative life events and NSSI. RESULTS A total of 2376 junior high school students completed this survey, which revealed an annual NSSI prevalence of 37.1% (n = 881) and a higher prevalence of NSSI among girls and rural adolescents. Among adolescents who developed NSSI, 67.4% (N = 594) used multiple means of self-injury. The most common means of self-injury was hair pulling (51.0%), and the most common NSSI purpose and external factors/events were venting bad emotions or feelings (57.5%) and poor academic performance (44.9%), respectively. Negative life events, emotional symptoms and NSSI were positively associated (P < 0.05). Structural equation modeling with negative life events, emotional symptoms and NSSI as variables showed that the model-fit index matched the data well, with RMSEA = 0.073, AGFI = 0.945, GFI = 0.980, CFI = 0.985, NFI = 0.982, TLI = 0.968, IFI = 0.985, and negative life events, emotional symptoms (anxiety, depression) and NSSI all had direct effects with standardized path coefficients of 0.16, 0.19, and 0.23, respectively, with negative life events playing an indirect role in NSSI through emotional symptoms and emotional symptoms playing an incomplete mediating role in negative life events and NSSI. CONCLUSION The prevalence of NSSI was higher among Chinese junior high school students. Both negative life events and emotional symptoms were direct risk factors for NSSI. In addition, negative life events were also indirect risk factors for NSSI, and emotional symptoms played an incomplete mediating role in the relationship between the effects of negative life events and NSSI. This indicates that the combination of reducing the frequency of negative life events while maintaining individual emotional stability during adolescent development can effectively reduce the prevalence of NSSI in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongliang Jiang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiyi Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Qidi Diao
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Geng Tian
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaojing Cheng
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Miao Zhao
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Long He
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Department of Developmental Pediatrics and Child Health Care, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Jintong Liu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Shandong, China.
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