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Gu S, Min X, Xu J, Chen S. Correlation of negative emotion, fatigue level and internet addiction in college students: implication for coping strategies. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:264. [PMID: 38594712 PMCID: PMC11003112 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05711-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internet addiction has an important influence on the development of physical and mental health of college students. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the current status and the correlation between college students' negative emotion, fatigue level and Internet addiction disorder, and to provide reference for the care and management of college students. METHODS We conducted a questionnaire survey on a cluster sample of college students from October to November 15, 2022. Internet addiction scale, fatigue assessment scale and positive and negative emotion scale were used for survey. Pearson correlation analysis and mediating effect test were performed to analyze the correlation and effects. RESULTS A total of 1546 valid questionnaires were collected. The incidence of internet addiction in college student was 20.38%. The total score of internet addiction was 52.94 ± 12.47, the total fatigue score was 69.27 ± 3.19, the score of positive emotion of college students was 31. 41 ± 5.09, and the negative emotion score was 18.54 ± 5.68. The total score of internet addiction were positively correlated with score of negative emotion (all P < 0. 05). The total score of internet addiction scale of college students were positively correlated and each factor score of with the score of fatigue severity (all P < 0. 05). Fatigue played an intermediary role in the prediction of negative emotion and internet addiction of college students, with an intermediary role of-0.433, accounting for 76.35% of the total effect. CONCLUSION The college students' positive emotion may be strengthened to reduce their fatigue level and negative emotion so as to reduce internet addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Gu
- Zhejiang Business College, 310053, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xue Min
- Zhejiang Business College, 310053, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Zhejiang Business College, 310053, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shu Chen
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Rehabilitation, Comprehensive Rehabilitation Ward, Affiliated People's Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, No. 158 Shangtang road, Gongshu district, 310024, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Wang Q, Duan R, Han F, Huang B, Wang W, Wang Q. The impact of core self-evaluation on school adaptation of high school students after their return to school during the COVID-19 pandemic: the parallel mediation of positive and negative coping styles. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15871. [PMID: 37927795 PMCID: PMC10624169 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To explore the direct effect of core self-evaluation and the indirect effects of positive and negative coping styles on school adaptation of high school students after their return to school during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The Core Self-Evaluation Scale, Simple Coping Style Scale, and School Adaptation Questionnaire were used for the psychometric analysis of 500 high school students (229 males and 271 females) one month after their return to school. The bootstrap method was applied for mediation analysis. Results A positive correlation was noted between core self-evaluation and school adaptation (r = 0.56), and the predictive effect was significant (β = 0.43). Core self-evaluation positively predicted positive coping styles, which positively predicted school adaptation, while core self-evaluation negatively predicted negative coping styles, which negatively predicted school adaptation. Positive and negative coping styles played a significant mediating role between core self-evaluation and school adaptation. The mediating effect included the indirect effects generated by two pathways: core self-evaluation → positive coping style → school adaptation (95% CI [0.08-0.19]) and core self-evaluation → negative coping style → school adaptation (95% CI [0.03-0.11]). Conclusion There is a positive association between the core self-evaluation and school adaptation of high school students after their return to school during the COVID-19 pandemic. It may directly or indirectly affect the school adaptation of high school students after their return to school through positive or negative coping styles. After returning to school, educators should guide students to view themselves positively, cultivate healthy core self-evaluation, and enable them to have good school adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Wang
- College of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruirui Duan
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fulei Han
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Beibei Huang
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiulin Wang
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Chen S, Wang W. Internet Addiction and Academic Anxiety Among Chinese College Students During COVID-19: The Mediating Role of Psychological Contract. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:3949-3962. [PMID: 37810276 PMCID: PMC10559900 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s428599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The objective of this study is to investigate the underlying mechanism connecting internet addiction and academic anxiety, with the aim of assisting higher education professionals and administrators in developing comprehensive solutions to effectively mitigate the systemic risks associated with these issues. Patients and Methods This study utilizes the smart data collection instrument of Wenjuanxing to gather data from 270 Chinese college students through an online questionnaire survey. Through building and analyzing a structural equation model that consists of four latent variables, such as internet addiction, relational psychological contract, transactional psychological contract, and academic anxiety. The study analyzed the fundamental characteristics of the transformation mechanism of Internet addiction and academic anxiety. It specifically focused on conducting a mediating effects test of the psychological contract variable to validate the significant role of both relational psychological contract and transactional psychological contract in this transformation mechanism. Results First, the study found that internet addiction (β=0.094; p=0.179) cannot directly impact academic anxiety. It can only influence academic anxiety through the mediating effects of the relational psychological contract (β=0.088; p=0.022) and the transactional psychological contract (β=0.123; p=0.003), with the latter having a more significant impact. Second, the destructive effect of Internet addiction on relational psychological contracts (β=-0.496; p<0.001) is greater than that on transactional psychological contracts (β=-0.476; p<0.001). Third, compared to the weakening of the relational psychological contract (β=-0.177; p=0.017), the weakening of the transactional psychological contract (β=-0.258; p=0.001) has a more significant impact on college students' academic anxiety. Conclusion This study shows that the weakening of the corresponding psychological contract is the key link for the development of Internet addiction into academic anxiety. Stabilizing the psychological contracts at the psychological level of college students can help suppress the vicious transformation process from internet addiction to academic anxiety, ensuring students' mental health and reducing systemic risks in educational work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchen Chen
- School of Business Administration, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Weihua Wang
- School of Business Administration, Anhui University of Finance and Economics, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
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Niu H, Wang S, Tao Y, Tang Q, Zhang L, Liu X. The association between online learning, parents' marital status, and internet addiction among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic period: A cross-lagged panel network approach. J Affect Disord 2023; 333:553-561. [PMID: 37127119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous research has identified the association between online learning and Internet addiction (IA) and the role of family factors in it. However, few studies have treated IA as a multidimensional mechanism and explored the underlying linkage of online learning, IA, and parental marital status with a cross-lagged network approach. The study aimed to examine the relationship between online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, Internet addiction (IA), and parental marital status among Chinese adolescents. METHODS The sample consisted of 2356 adolescents who completed the Internet Addiction Test twice over a four-month period. Four symptom networks and two cross-lagged panel networks were performed. RESULTS The results showed that adolescents from divorced families had a higher prevalence of IA (27 %) compared to those from non-divorced families (17 %). The strongest cross-lagged association was found between "spending more time online" and "preferring the excitement online". In the divorced group, "school grades suffering" had the highest influence, while in the non-divorced group, "anticipation" had the highest influence. CONCLUSION This study highlights the relationship between online learning, IA, and parental divorce and suggests that long-term online learning may contribute to IA, and parental divorce may exacerbate problematic Internet use and increase IA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqun Niu
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210024, China
| | - Shujian Wang
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yanqiang Tao
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qihui Tang
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- College Students' Mental Health Education Center, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Xiangping Liu
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Beijing 100875, China.
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Cheng M, Wang S, Wang Y, Zhang R, Qin L. Physical activity reduces internet addiction among "post-00" college students: The mediating role of coping styles. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1052510. [PMID: 36846475 PMCID: PMC9945914 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1052510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the role of coping styles (CS) in mediating the relationship between physical activity (PA) and internet addiction (IA), and to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of IA among Chinese "post-00" college students. Methods A total of 410 university students from five universities in Anhui Province were surveyed using the Chinese Internet addiction scale, the Coping Styles Scale for Chinese University Students, and the International Physical Activity Scale Short Form. Results (1) Boys are better than girls in PA. However, there was no significant difference between male and female students on CS and IA. (2) PA was positively correlated with CS (r = 0.278, p < 0.01), PA was negatively correlated with IA (r = -0.236, p < 0.01), CS was negatively correlated with IA (r = -0.560, p < 0.01). (3) PA was negatively predicted IA (B = -0.198, p < 0.01), PA was positively predicted CS (B = 0.986, p < 0.01), CS was negatively predicted IA (B = -0.065, p < 0.01). (4) CS plays a partially mediating role between PA and IA, with a mediating effect proportion of 48.33%. Conclusion PA can improve IA not only directly for university students, but also indirectly by increasing CS. The intervention for IA of "post-00" college students can start by increasing PA and improving CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meichao Cheng
- School of Physical Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Meichao Cheng, ; Shun Wang, ; Likai Qin,
| | - Shun Wang
- School of Physical Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China,*Correspondence: Meichao Cheng, ; Shun Wang, ; Likai Qin,
| | - Ya Wang
- School of Physical Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- School of Life Sports, Namseoul University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Likai Qin
- School of Physical Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China,*Correspondence: Meichao Cheng, ; Shun Wang, ; Likai Qin,
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Li Y, Chu X. Aggressive behavior, boredom, and protective factors among college students during closed-off management of the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1012536. [PMID: 36591009 PMCID: PMC9800806 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1012536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chinese colleges have implemented strict closed-off management in response to the outbreak of a new variant of the new coronavirus, Omicron. But such management measures may lead to more aggressive behavior. The study aimed to determine the associations between boredom and aggressive behavior with aggression and to examine the impact of boredom on aggression through the moderating role of cognitive flexibility. Methods The Multidimensional State Boredom Scale, the Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire, and the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory were applied to a sample of 719 college students who were in a closed-off management environment. Results For individuals with high cognitive flexibility, the relationship between state boredom and proactive aggression was not significant. The relationship between state boredom and proactive aggression was significantly positively correlated for individuals with low cognitive flexibility, especially low substitutability. Cognitive flexibility has no significant moderating effect on the relationship between state boredom and reactive aggression. Conclusion The findings highlighted the importance of boredom as a potential risk factor for aggression, while cognitive flexibility appears as a potential protective factor.
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Pan L, Li J, Hu Z, Wu H. The Effect of COVID-19 Perceived Risk on Internet Addiction among College Students in China: An Empirical Study Based on the Structural Equation Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13377. [PMID: 36293960 PMCID: PMC9603053 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on COVID-19 perceived risk and Internet addiction among Chinese college students during the lockdown. On the basis of the Social Cognitive Theory, this study proposed a mediating model to evaluate the mediating role of difficulties in regulating emotion between the COVID-19 perceived risk and Internet addiction. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 690 college students during the COVID-19 lockdown in China. The results showed that the COVID-19 perceived risk was significantly positively associated with Internet addiction (r = 0.236, p < 0.001) and difficulties in emotion regulation (r = 0.220, p < 0.001), difficulties in emotion regulation was significantly positively associated with Internet addiction (r = 0.368, p < 0.001). The COVID-19 perceived risk had a significant and positive predictive effect on Internet addiction (β = 0.233, p < 0.001) among Chinese college students. The analysis of the mediation model showed that difficulties in emotion regulation partially mediated the relationship between COVID-19 perceived risk and Internet addiction (indirect effect value was 0.051 with 95% Confidence Interval ranging from 0.027 to 0.085). The findings not only enhanced our understanding of the internal influence mechanism of COVID-19 perceived risk on Internet addiction but also provided a practical basis for college education works. Finally, discussions and suggestions were provided on the basis of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Pan
- School of Finance and Economics, Hainan Vocational University of Science and Technology, Haikou 571126, China
- Department of Education Management, Chinese International College, Dhurakij Pundit University, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Jun Li
- School of Finance and Economics, Hainan Vocational University of Science and Technology, Haikou 571126, China
- Department of Education Management, Chinese International College, Dhurakij Pundit University, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Ziao Hu
- School of Finance and Economics, Hainan Vocational University of Science and Technology, Haikou 571126, China
- Department of Education Management, Chinese International College, Dhurakij Pundit University, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Henan Wu
- School of Finance and Economics, Hainan Vocational University of Science and Technology, Haikou 571126, China
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Jing X, Meng H, Li Y, Lu L, Yao Y. Associations of Psychological Capital, Coping Style and Emotional Intelligence with Self-Rated Health Status of College Students in China During COVID-19 Pandemic. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:2587-2597. [PMID: 36133628 PMCID: PMC9482953 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s383743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 lockdown can lead to mental health problem, and the problem is heterogeneous across individuals. In this study, we aimed to explore the association between the self-reported health status, emotional coping style, emotional intelligence and positive psychological state of college students during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Methods The questionnaires of Self-rated Health Measurement Scale (SRHMS), Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS), Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ), Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ) were used for online survey. The study included 367 undergraduates. Results Undergraduate sex, sibling and birth of place were associated with either psychological capital scores or emotional intelligence. Online time per day had significantly negative associations with self-rated health and psychological capital scores. Multivariate analysis showed that the interaction between emotional intelligence, psychological capital and coping styles was statistically significant (β = −0.112, p = 0.045) in health status with psychological capital ranking the top (β = 0.428). Mediation analysis showed that psychological capital and coping style modified the effect of emotional intelligence on health status. Conclusion Psychological capital and coping style modified the effect of emotional intelligence on health status in college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this pandemic emergency, a comprehensive intervention, such as positive coping styles with optimistic emotional perception and understanding as well as social support, is an important measure against the pandemic-induced mental health problem in college students in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhi Jing
- School of Medicine, Xinyang Vocational and Technical College, Xinyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongling Meng
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuping Li
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingeng Lu
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yongcheng Yao
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
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