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Ruiz-Molina YG, Herrera-Ávila J, Espinosa-Juárez JV, Esquinca-Avilés HA, Tejas-Juárez JG, Flores-Guillén E, Morales-Martínez LA, Briones-Aranda A, Jiménez-Ceballos B, Sierra-Ramírez JA, Cruz-Trujillo R. Association of Overweight and Obesity with Impaired Executive Functioning in Mexican Adolescents: The Importance of Inhibitory Control. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1368. [PMID: 39057511 PMCID: PMC11275439 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12141368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are major public health issues worldwide, including in Mexico, particularly among adolescents. This study aimed to analyze the associations between nutritional status and impaired executive function (EF) in Mexican adolescents. A case-control study was conducted with 98 male and female adolescents, categorized into normal weight and overweight/obese groups based on body mass index. EF was assessed using the BANFE-2 test. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 54.3%. The EF assessment revealed that 82.45% of the overweight/obese group exhibited mild-to-severe impairment, compared to only 36.58% in the normal weight group (X2 = 21.69, p < 0.0001). In the inhibitory control assessment, adolescents with overweight and obesity performed worse than their normal-weight counterparts. Specifically, females with overweight/obesity scored lower than females with normal weight on the risk-benefit processing test. The risk of severe EF impairment significantly increased with the presence of overweight/obesity (OR = 7.8, p < 0.0001). These findings indicate that EF, particularly inhibitory control and risk-benefit processing, is impaired in adolescents with overweight or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yatzeny Guadalupe Ruiz-Molina
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, Mexico; (Y.G.R.-M.); (J.H.-Á.)
| | - Josué Herrera-Ávila
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, Mexico; (Y.G.R.-M.); (J.H.-Á.)
| | - Josué Vidal Espinosa-Juárez
- Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas (UNACH), Carretera Panamericana Ocozocoautla-Cintalapa Km. 2.5, Ocozocoautla de Espinosa 29140, Mexico; (J.V.E.-J.); (H.A.E.-A.)
| | - Héctor Armando Esquinca-Avilés
- Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas (UNACH), Carretera Panamericana Ocozocoautla-Cintalapa Km. 2.5, Ocozocoautla de Espinosa 29140, Mexico; (J.V.E.-J.); (H.A.E.-A.)
| | - Juan Gabriel Tejas-Juárez
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Comalcalco, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Tabasco 86658, Mexico;
| | - Elena Flores-Guillén
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Alimentos, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas (UNICACH), Libramiento Norte-Poniente 1150, Col. Lajas Maciel, Tuxtla Gutiérrez 29039, Mexico; (E.F.-G.); (L.A.M.-M.)
| | - Luis Alberto Morales-Martínez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Alimentos, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas (UNICACH), Libramiento Norte-Poniente 1150, Col. Lajas Maciel, Tuxtla Gutiérrez 29039, Mexico; (E.F.-G.); (L.A.M.-M.)
| | - Alfredo Briones-Aranda
- Facultad de Medicina Humana Campus II, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas (UNACH), Décima Sur esquina Calle Central S/N, Tuxtla Gutiérrez 29050, Mexico;
| | - Betsabé Jiménez-Ceballos
- Clínica de Trastornos del Sueño, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa (UAM-I), Av. San Rafael Atlixco 185, Col. Leyes de Reforma, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de Mexico 09340, Mexico;
| | - José Alfredo Sierra-Ramírez
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, Mexico; (Y.G.R.-M.); (J.H.-Á.)
| | - Refugio Cruz-Trujillo
- Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas (UNACH), Carretera Panamericana Ocozocoautla-Cintalapa Km. 2.5, Ocozocoautla de Espinosa 29140, Mexico; (J.V.E.-J.); (H.A.E.-A.)
- Departamento de Químicos Farmacobiólogos, Universidad Pablo Guardado Chávez (UPGCH), Libramiento Norte Oriente No. 3450, Tuxtla Gutiérrez 29040, Mexico
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Caamaño-Navarrete F, Arriagada-Hernández C, Fuentes-Vilugrón G, Jara-Tomckowiack L, Levin-Catrilao A, del Val Martín P, Muñoz-Troncoso F, Delgado-Floody P. Healthy Lifestyle Related to Executive Functions in Chilean University Students: A Pilot Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1022. [PMID: 38786435 PMCID: PMC11121206 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12101022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A negative lifestyle is reported to be related to cognitive problems. However, there is little information about this in relation to university students. The objective of the present study was to investigate the association between executive functions (EFs) and lifestyle parameters (i.e., physical activity (PA), sleep duration, screen time (ST), and food habits) among Chilean university students. METHODS This cross-sectional study included a total of 150 university students (94 females and 56 males, aged 21.28 ± 3.15 and 22.18 ± 2.90 years, respectively). Cognitive outcomes were measured using the CogniFit assessment battery. Lifestyle was measured through validated questionnaires. RESULTS Across the total sample, attention exhibited a positive association with PA h/week (β: 24.34 95% CI: 12.46 to 36.22, p = 0.001). Additionally, coordination was positively associated with PA h/week (β: 15.06 95% CI: 0.62 to 29.50, p < 0.041). PA h/week was positively linked with reasoning (β: 20.34 95% CI: 4.52 to 36.17, p = 0.012) and perception (β: 13.81 95% CI: 4.14 to 23.49, p = 0.005). Moreover, PA h/week was significantly linked to memory (β: 23.01 95% CI: 7.62 to 38.40, p = 0.004). In terms of the EFs, PA h/week showed a positive association with cognitive flexibility (β: 45.60 95% CI: 23.22 to 67.69, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, lifestyle (PA h/week) was positively associated with EFs. Therefore, an increase in PA levels among these students should be a target for community- and university-based interventions in order to promote cognitive development such as attention, coordination, reasoning, perception, memory, and cognitive flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Caamaño-Navarrete
- Physical Education Career, Faculty of Education, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (F.C.-N.); (C.A.-H.); (G.F.-V.)
- Collaborative Research Group for School Development (GICDE), Temuco 4780000, Chile;
| | - Carlos Arriagada-Hernández
- Physical Education Career, Faculty of Education, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (F.C.-N.); (C.A.-H.); (G.F.-V.)
- Collaborative Research Group for School Development (GICDE), Temuco 4780000, Chile;
| | - Gerardo Fuentes-Vilugrón
- Physical Education Career, Faculty of Education, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (F.C.-N.); (C.A.-H.); (G.F.-V.)
- Collaborative Research Group for School Development (GICDE), Temuco 4780000, Chile;
| | - Lorena Jara-Tomckowiack
- Collaborative Research Group for School Development (GICDE), Temuco 4780000, Chile;
- Faculty of Education, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Alvaro Levin-Catrilao
- Doctoral Programme in Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile;
| | - Pablo del Val Martín
- Chilean Observatory of Physical Education and School Sport, Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Las Condes, Santiago 7550000, Chile;
| | - Flavio Muñoz-Troncoso
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Arts, Universidad Mayor, Temuco 4780000, Chile;
- Department of Psychology and Anthropology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Pedro Delgado-Floody
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
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Yuan Y, He X, He Q, Jia Y, Xu Z, Li M. Problematic mobile phone use and time management disposition in Chinese college students: the chain mediating role of sleep quality and cognitive flexibility. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:440. [PMID: 38093382 PMCID: PMC10720238 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01481-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the widespread adoption of smartphones, there has been a notable increase in problematic mobile phone use (PMPU), particularly prevalent among college students. Research suggests that apart from being associated with various problematic behaviors, this excessive mobile phone use might also have an impact on individual personality traits, such as time management disposition (TMD), which plays a significant role in individual motivation and psychological well-being. While previous literature has identified a negative relationship between PMPU and TMD, few studies have delved into the underlying mediating mechanism. Thus, the main aim of this study was to examine the chain mediating effect of sleep quality and cognitive flexibility on the relationship between PMPU and TMD. METHODS A total of 921 Chinese college students completed the questionnaire. We collected basic information about the participants and assessed their PMPU, TMD, sleep quality, and cognitive flexibility using the Problematic Mobile Phone Use Scale-10, Adolescence Time Management Disposition Inventory, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scale and Cognitive Flexibility Inventory. RESULTS The results indicated a significant correlation among all the variables. Moreover, we noted that both sleep quality and cognitive flexibility fully mediated the association between PMPU and TMD. Additionally, a chain mediating effect involving sleep quality and flexibility in this relationship was also identified. CONCLUSION We found that sleep quality and cognitive flexibility had a series of multiple mediating effects in the pathway from PMPU to TMD, and both significantly mediated TMD. These findings indicated that impaired cognitive function and sleep quality may contribute to time management difficulties resulting from PMPU, suggesting that problematic behaviors like PMPU can impact one's personality traits. Therefore, interventions should be enhanced to mitigate the adverse effects of PMPU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Yuan
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Xinyue He
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Quanxing He
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Yimeng Jia
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Zhansheng Xu
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China.
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China.
- Tianjin Social Science Laboratory of Students' Mental Development and Learning, Tianjin, 300387, China.
| | - Man Li
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China.
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China.
- Tianjin Social Science Laboratory of Students' Mental Development and Learning, Tianjin, 300387, China.
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Wang ZJ, Liu XN, He JJ, Wang YP, Zhao CX, Yang XJ, Yin HY, Cao DP, Zhang SE. Moderating Role of Peer Pressure and Positive Learning Environment Between Career Calling and Academic Procrastination in Chinese Medical Students During Controlled COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:927-938. [PMID: 36992981 PMCID: PMC10042170 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s403219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The COVID-19 pandemic sets specific circumstances that may accelerate academic procrastination behavior of medical students. Career calling is a protective factor that fights against academic procrastination and may further improve medical students' mental health and academic achievement. This study aims to determine the status of Chinese medical students' academic procrastination during controlled COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, the study investigates the relationships and mechanisms among career calling, peer pressure, a positive learning environment, and academic procrastination. Patients and Methods Data were collected from several Chinese medical universities through an anonymous cross-sectional survey of 3614 respondents (effective response rate = 60.0%). Using online questionnaires to collect the data and IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0 for statistical analysis. Results The average score of academic procrastination of Chinese medical students was 2.62±0.86. This study proved the usage of peer pressure and positive learning environment as moderating roles of relationship between career calling and academic procrastination. Career calling was negatively correlated with academic procrastination (r = -0.232, p < 0.01), while it was positively correlated with peer pressure (r = 0.390, p < 0.01) and a positive learning environment (r = 0.339, p < 0.01). Moreover, academic procrastination was negatively correlated with peer pressure (r = -0.279, p < 0.01) and a positive learning environment (r = -0.242, p < 0.01). Peer pressure was positively correlated with a positive learning environment (r = 0.637, p < 0.01). Conclusion The findings emphasize the importance of constructive peer pressure and a positive learning environment that discourages academic procrastination. Educators should highlight medical career calling education by offering related courses to fight against academic procrastination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jiao Wang
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ning Liu
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-Jun He
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ping Wang
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen-Xi Zhao
- Academic Affairs Office, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jing Yang
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yan Yin
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - De-Pin Cao
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: De-Pin Cao; Shu-E Zhang, Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13351113008; +86 15104694354, Email ;
| | - Shu-E Zhang
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
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