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Bou-Hamad I, Hoteit J, Yehya N, Ghandour L. Personality traits and high cigarette dependence among university students: Insights from Lebanon. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298193. [PMID: 38359081 PMCID: PMC10868771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The use of tobacco and cigarette products remains widespread globally, with varying patterns across countries. Understanding the factors influencing cigarette dependence among young adults is crucial for effective smoking prevention and control programs. Personality traits are one of the factors that influence smoking behaviour, yet the evidence on their role in high cigarette dependence among young adults remains inconclusive. This study aims to provide insights and initial evidence on the potential association between personality dimensions, sociodemographic factors, lifestyle habits, and high cigarette dependence among Lebanese university students. METHODS A convenient sample of 212 student smokers from one private and one public university in Lebanon participated in an online survey. The survey included measures of personality traits using the Big-Five framework, sociodemographic factors, lifestyle habits, and the Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence (FTCD). Logistic regression models and mediation analysis were used to analyze the data. RESULTS The results revealed significant associations between personality dimensions and high cigarette dependence among Lebanese university students. Smokers with higher levels of Openness to Experience were more likely to have high cigarette dependence (β = 0.408, p < = 0.015). Conversely, smokers with higher levels of Conscientiousness (β = -0.500, p < 0.001) and Agreeableness (β = -0.491, p < 0.01) were less likely to have high cigarette dependence. Additionally, attending a public university (β = 1.198, p = 0.018), having more close friends who smoke (β = 0.525, p < 0.01), and switching to a cheaper cigarette brand (β = 0.928, p < 0.05) were associated with a higher cigarette dependence. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the importance of considering personality dimensions, sociodemographic factors, and lifestyle habits in understanding high cigarette dependence among Lebanese university students. The results can inform the development of targeted interventions to address high cigarette dependence in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imad Bou-Hamad
- Department of Business Information and Decision Systems, Suliman S. Olayan School of Business, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jaafar Hoteit
- Department of Business Information and Decision Systems, Suliman S. Olayan School of Business, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nadine Yehya
- Department of Public Affairs and Marketing, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Lilian Ghandour
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Therat S, Banandur PS, Sukumar GM, Shenoy AB, Arvind BA, Nagaraja SR, Rai V, Medhi U, Devyani A. Smoked tobacco dependence and its correlates among participants attending life skills training and counselling services programme across Karnataka (2017-2022). J Family Med Prim Care 2023; 12:2827-2834. [PMID: 38186799 PMCID: PMC10771161 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_591_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Indian National Mental Health Survey reports an alarming prevalence of 20.9% for tobacco dependence in India. Dependence on smoked tobacco can be prevented by thorough knowledge of the risk factors associated with it. Objectives To estimate the prevalence and identify the factors associated with smoked tobacco dependence among participants attending the life skills training and counselling services programme (LSTCSP) across Karnataka from 2017 to 2022. Materials and Methods Pretraining data of 3104 participants from training programmes between 2017 and 2022 were utilised. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed based on a conceptual framework with various hypothesised exposure variables and smoked tobacco dependence as outcome. Results The overall prevalence of smoked tobacco dependence among LSTCSP participants who used smoked tobacco products was 59.4%. Ever use of smokeless tobacco products (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) =2.05, 95% CI: 1.11-3.78) and screening positive for symptoms of generalised anxiety (AOR = 2.53, 95% CI: 1.32-4.84) significantly increased the odds of smoked tobacco dependence, whereas making decisions collectively in the family (AOR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.18-0.66) and individuals with increased score for neurotic personality traits (AOR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.44-0.93) were the factors associated with reduced odds of smoked tobacco dependence. Conclusion The identified risk factors associated with smoked tobacco dependence are important to develop tobacco control programmes as well as in preventing its onset. With the risk factors for smoked tobacco dependence identified, the results of this study have implications for health promotion and prevention programmes as well as cessation programmes related to smoked tobacco dependence, within India and similar countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Therat
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Pradeep S. Banandur
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Gautham M. Sukumar
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Anusha B. Shenoy
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Banavaram A. Arvind
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Veeksha Rai
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Upashana Medhi
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Azad Devyani
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Marzo R, El-Fass K, Osman N, Kyaw T, Arivanandan P, Morgan L, Latchumana K, Arasu K, Obaromi A, Lin Y. Identifying the barriers of smoking cessation and predictors
of nicotine dependence among adult Malaysian smokers:
A cross-sectional study. Tob Induc Dis 2022; 20:109. [DOI: 10.18332/tid/154964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Yee Hway Ann A, Yoke Yuen SL, Chong Wee M, Gan CK, Mogan @ Mohan S, Mahadhir MAHB. Personality trait and associate factors among smokers: systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2022.2120426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Yee Hway Ann
- Psychiatrist and Addiction Medicine Specialist, Department of Psychological Medicine, University Malaya Centre of Addiction Sciences (UMCAS), KL, Malaysia
| | | | - Melissa Chong Wee
- Department of Physiological Medicine, University of Malaya Faculty of Medicine, KL, Malaysia
| | - Choo Kian Gan
- Department of Physiological Medicine, University of Malaya Faculty of Medicine, KL, Malaysia
| | - Suja Mogan @ Mohan
- Department of Physiological Medicine, University of Malaya Faculty of Medicine, KL, Malaysia
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Halberstadt AL, Skrzynski CJ, Wright AG, Creswell KG. Predicting smoking and nicotine dependence from the DSM-5 alternative model for personality pathology. Personal Disord 2022; 13:84-95. [PMID: 33705195 PMCID: PMC8916785 DOI: 10.1037/per0000487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with personality disorders (PDs) have higher morbidity and mortality than the general population, which may be due to maladaptive health behaviors such as smoking. Previous studies have examined the links between categorical PD diagnoses/personality traits and smoking/nicotine dependence, but little is known about how the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition alternative model for personality disorders relates to smoking and nicotine dependence. The current study examined this question in a sample of 500 participants using the Levels of Personality Functioning Scale to assess general personality pathology, the Personality Inventory for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition to measure specific traits, the Fagerström test for Nicotine Dependence to assess nicotine dependence, and questions about current and past smoking to assess smoking status (i.e., current, former, never). Multinomial logistic regression results demonstrated that general personality pathology (Criterion A) was not related to smoking status, and there were no reliable associations between traits (Criterion B) and smoking status. However, correlations showed that higher negative affectivity and disinhibition were related to higher levels of nicotine dependence within smokers. Findings are discussed in regard to previous findings linking personality pathology to smoking/nicotine dependence as well as the general validity of this new personality disorder diagnostic system. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Muhammad AW, Patria B. Self-Regulation Effects on Smoking Addiction: A Bayesian Approach. UNIVERSITAS PSYCHOLOGICA 2021. [DOI: 10.11144/javeriana.upsy20.sres] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the impacts of self-regulation on smoking addiction. Self-regulation is the capacity to overcome ineffective behavior to achieve goals. Previous research studies found that self-regulation is an effective mental defense against deviant behaviors such as smoking. This study hypothesized that self-regulation correlates negatively with smoking addiction. The subjects in this study were 155 students aged 13-18 years (M = 13.37, SD = 1.07) from three high schools in Sleman district, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The data were analysed with Bayesian regression and simple linear regression as a comparison. The Bayesian regression showed that 95% posterior distribution HDI falls outside ROPE (-0.5-0). The results indicated that self-regulation has significant effects on reducing smoking addiction. Additionally, the simple linear regression also showed similar results (F (1.153) = 82.12, p < 0.01). The generalizability of the results is only limited to the sample being used in this study.
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Guggenheim FG, Lieberman PB, Farris SG. Cigarette Smoking in an Acute Partial Hospital Program. J Nerv Ment Dis 2021; 209:415-420. [PMID: 33966016 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study explored demographic and clinical features, plus clinical outcomes, in a smoke-free acute partial hospital (PH) among current smokers, former smokers, and those who had never smoked (nonsmokers). Compared with nonsmokers, current smokers were younger and more likely to be unmarried and unpartnered, unemployed, or receiving disability benefits. They had more prior inpatient (IP) and PH episodes. They also had more problems with interpersonal relationships, mood lability, psychosis, and substance use. Compared with nonsmokers, current smokers were more likely to miss PH treatment days and drop out. They also had longer time to readmission to PH or IP. Former smokers resembled nonsmokers, except that former smokers also had a high rate of dropout. Changes in symptoms and functioning for patients who completed PH were the same among all groups. In an acute PH setting, smoking is a marker for psychiatric and psychosocial impairment plus treatment interruption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul B Lieberman
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Samantha G Farris
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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Awad E, Sacre H, Haddad C, Akel M, Salameh P, Hallit S, Obeid S. Association of characters and temperaments with cigarette and waterpipe dependence among a sample of Lebanese adults. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:8466-8475. [PMID: 33058065 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11185-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It was discovered that the relation between certain personality traits and nicotine dependence differs among ethnicities and cultures; therefore, this study was conducted to determine which temperaments and personality traits are associated with smoking dependence in order to contribute to the development of effective and targeted interventions for smoking dependence within the Lebanese population. A cross-sectional study was carried out between March and April 2020 among a sample of Lebanese adults from all Lebanese governorates. The sample included (N = 501) divided as follows: 62 (12.4%) nonsmokers, 37 (7.4%) cigarette smokers, 266 (53.1%) waterpipe smokers, and 136 (27.1%) mixed smokers. Higher cooperativeness (B = - 0.03) was significantly associated with lower waterpipe dependence. High vs. low education level (B = - 0.97), female gender compared to males (B = - 1.07), higher cooperativeness (B = - 0.01), and higher self-transcendence (B = - 0.01) were significantly associated with lower cigarette dependence, whereas higher age (B = 0.03) was significantly associated with higher cigarette dependence. A multinomial regression analysis, taking the smoking group as the dependent variable, showed that higher harm avoidance (aOR = 0.97) and novelty seeking (aOR = 0.97) were significantly associated with lower cigarette smoking. A high level of education vs. a low one (aOR = 8.85) was significantly associated with higher cigarette smoking. Higher self-transcendence was significantly associated with lower mixed smoking. Being married vs. single (aOR = 2.46) was significantly associated with higher odds of being a mixed smoker, whereas female gender compared to males (aOR = 0.41) was significantly associated with lower odds of being a mixed smoker. These results are pivotal in understanding the relationship between personality and smoking dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Awad
- Department of Psychology Faculty of Social Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Épidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Chadia Haddad
- Research and Psychology Departments, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal El Dib, Lebanon
- Université de Limoges, UMR 1094, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale, Institut d'Epidémiologie et de Neurologie Tropicale, GEIST, 87000, Limoges, France
| | - Marwan Akel
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Épidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Épidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
- Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Épidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon.
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.
| | - Sahar Obeid
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Épidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon
- Research and Psychology Departments, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal El Dib, Lebanon
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
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Lee C, Gao M, Ryff CD. Conscientiousness and Smoking: Do Cultural Context and Gender Matter? Front Psychol 2020; 11:1593. [PMID: 32733344 PMCID: PMC7358448 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Prior studies have found that conscientiousness has a protective effect against smoking, but evidence for this relationship mostly comes from Western contexts. In societies where smoking is pervasive and less stigmatized, the protective effect of conscientiousness on smoking may be less evident. Moreover, whether smoking is viewed as normal or deviant also may vary by gender norms attached to smoking. Using surveys of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) and Japan (MIDJA), we examined patterns in the association between conscientiousness and smoking status (never, former, current) for men and women. We found that in the United States, where the social unacceptability of smoking has dramatically increased, there is an inverse association between conscientiousness and smoking status for both genders. In Japan, where the stigma attached to smoking operates for women but not men, the association between conscientiousness and smoking status varies by gender. For Japanese men, levels of conscientiousness do not differ across smoking statuses. For Japanese women, those who formerly smoked show lower levels of conscientiousness than those who never smoked and those who currently smoke. We interpret these findings in light of differing cultural and historical backgrounds of smoking for men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chioun Lee
- Department of Sociology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Chioun Lee,
| | - Manjing Gao
- Department of Sociology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Carol D. Ryff
- Institute on Aging and Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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Determining population stratification and subgroup effects in association studies of rare genetic variants for nicotine dependence. Psychiatr Genet 2020; 29:111-119. [PMID: 31033776 PMCID: PMC6636808 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background Rare variants (minor allele frequency < 1% or 5 %) can help researchers to deal with the confounding issue of ‘missing heritability’ and have a proven role in dissecting the etiology for human diseases and complex traits. Methods We extended the combined multivariate and collapsing (CMC) and weighted sum statistic (WSS) methods and accounted for the effects of population stratification and subgroup effects using stratified analyses by the principal component analysis, named here as ‘str-CMC’ and ‘str-WSS’. To evaluate the validity of the extended methods, we analyzed the Genetic Architecture of Smoking and Smoking Cessation database, which includes African Americans and European Americans genotyped on Illumina Human Omni2.5, and we compared the results with those obtained with the sequence kernel association test (SKAT) and its modification, SKAT-O that included population stratification and subgroup effect as covariates. We utilized the Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel test to check for possible differences in single nucleotide polymorphism allele frequency between subgroups within a gene. We aimed to detect rare variants and considered population stratification and subgroup effects in the genomic region containing 39 acetylcholine receptor-related genes. Results The Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel test as applied to GABRG2 (P = 0.001) was significant. However, GABRG2 was detected both by str-CMC (P= 8.04E-06) and str-WSS (P= 0.046) in African Americans but not by SKAT or SKAT-O. Conclusions Our results imply that if associated rare variants are only specific to a subgroup, a stratified analysis might be a better approach than a combined analysis.
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Higgins ST, Kurti AN, Palmer M, Tidey JW, Cepeda-Benito A, Cooper MR, Krebs NM, Baezconde-Garbanati L, Hart JL, Stanton CA. A review of tobacco regulatory science research on vulnerable populations. Prev Med 2019; 128:105709. [PMID: 31054904 PMCID: PMC6824984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In 2013 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and National Institutes of Health established fourteen Tobacco Centers of Regulatory Science (TCORS) to advance scientific knowledge relevant to conducting evidence-based tobacco regulation. This report reviews TCORS-funded research with adult vulnerable populations. The literature search included a list of all TCORS-funded publications compiled by the TCORS coordinating center; all TCORS were requested to share publications not in the coordinating-center's list. Only TCORS-funded reports describing an empirical study with an adult vulnerable population published in a peer-reviewed journal between September 2013 and June 2018 were included. 71 reports met inclusion criteria; 39% (28/71) examined tobacco use among those with mental health and medical comorbidities, 34% (24/71) socioeconomic disadvantage, 31% (22/71) women of reproductive age, 30% (21/71) racial/ethnic minorities, 18% (13/71) rural residents, and 3% (2/71) each among active military/veterans and sexual/gender minorities. Regarding scientific domains, 63% (45/71) investigated behavior, 37% (26/71) addiction, 24% (17/71) health effects, 20% (14/71) impact analyses, 18% (13/71) toxicity, 8% (6/71) marketing influences, and 7% (5/71) communications. Totals exceed 100% because some reports addressed multiple populations/domains. TCORS funding has generated a substantial, multidisciplinary body of new scientific knowledge on tobacco use in adult vulnerable populations. However, considerable variability was noted in the amount of research conducted across the various vulnerable populations and scientific domains. Most notably, relatively few studies focused on active military/veterans or sexual/gender minorities, and the scientific domains of marketing influences and communications were conspicuously underrepresented. These are important knowledge gaps to address going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Joy L Hart
- University of Louisville, United States of America
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Use of the Fagerström test to assess differences in the degree of nicotine dependence in smokers from five ethnic groups: The HELIUS study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 194:197-204. [PMID: 30447512 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of smoking varies across ethnic groups in developed countries, but little is known about ethnic variations in specific aspects of nicotine dependence (ND). We conducted item-response analyses in current smokers to compare ND factors across five ethnic groups. METHODS Data were obtained from a population-based, multi-ethnic cohort study conducted in the Netherlands. The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) was assessed in 1147 Dutch, 991 South-Asian Surinamese, 1408 African Surinamese, 1396 Turkish, and 584 Moroccan smokers (N = 5526). We tested whether the factorial structure of the FTND was invariant across ethnic groups using a multi-group confirmatory factor analysis. FTND item and total scores and factor means were compared across groups. RESULTS The two-factor model representing "morning smoking" and "smoking patterns" provided an adequate fit. The items "Cigarettes smoked daily" and "Time until first cigarette" showed differential item functioning (DIF) as a function of ethnicity. Three out of four ethnic minority groups scored significantly higher on both factors compared to the Dutch origin group (all p < 0.001) before and after taking DIF into account, while the African Surinamese scored higher only on "morning smoking" when DIF was accounted for. DISCUSSION The factor structure of the FTND is not measurement invariant across ethnic groups in this population-based sample. Accounting for DIF affecting the nicotine dependence factor scores, although South-Asian Surinamese, Turkish, and Moroccan groups showed higher levels of dependence than the Dutch origin group, genetic as well as environmental factors may account for the observed differences.
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Yao Y, Xu Y, Zhao J, Ma Y, Su K, Yuan W, Ma JZ, Payne TJ, Li MD. Detection of Significant Association Between Variants in Cannabinoid Receptor 1 Gene ( CNR1) and Personality in African-American Population. Front Genet 2018; 9:199. [PMID: 29963071 PMCID: PMC6010580 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Several studies have revealed significant associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1) gene and a broad spectrum of psychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and schizophrenia. Personality traits that are highly related to susceptibility to these conditions have been associated with the CNR1 variants in subjects of Caucasian origin. However, there are no reported studies regarding the effects of CNR1 polymorphisms on personality traits in the African-American (AA) population. Methods: We performed an imputation-based association analysis for 26 CNR1 variants with five dimensions of personality in 3,046 AAs. Results: SNPs rs806372 and rs2180619 showed a significant association with extraversion after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing (p < 0.0019). Further, several extraversion-associated SNPs were significantly associated with conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness. SNP priority score analysis indicated that SNPs rs806368, rs806371, and rs2180619 play a role in the modulation of personality and psychiatric conditions. Conclusion:CNR1 is important in determining personality traits in the AA population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghao Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junsheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunlong Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kunkai Su
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenji Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jennie Z Ma
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Thomas J Payne
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Ming D Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, United States
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Witusik A, Mokros Ł, Kuna P, Nowakowska-Domagała K, Antczak A, Pietras T. Type A Behavior Pattern, Impulsiveness, Risk Propensity, and Empathy as Predictors of Dyspnea and Number of Infections in Men with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:3832-3839. [PMID: 29874681 PMCID: PMC6018375 DOI: 10.12659/msm.907742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress and psychological factors can induce dyspnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of this study was to assess selected elements of the clinical presentation of COPD in the context of the severity of type A pattern of behavior, impulsiveness, and tendency for empathy. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional study. The study group consisted of 179 men with COPD and the control group consisted of 31 healthy male smokers. In all patients, the number of infectious exacerbations over the past year, the result on the dyspnea scale (MRC), and the FEV1-to- predicted FEV1 ratio was assessed. The A pattern of behavior was measured using the Type A scale. To measure impulsivity, risk propensity, and empathy, the IVE impulsivity questionnaire was used. RESULTS An increase in the number of infectious exacerbations was associated with an increased score on the Type A scale, an increase in risk propensity, and a decrease in impulsivity score. Increased severity of dyspnea was associated with an increase in Type A behavior pattern score and an increase in the risk propensity score. CONCLUSIONS Type A behavior pattern and risk propensity are independent predictors of the number of infections in the last year and of the subjective severity of dyspnea among men with COPD and healthy male smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Witusik
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Pedagogical Sciences, Faculty of Social Science, Piotrków Trybunalski Branch, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Łukasz Mokros
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Piotr Kuna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | | | - Adam Antczak
- Department of General and Oncological Pulmonology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Pietras
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
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Bucknor A, Chen AD, Egeler S, Bletsis P, Johnson AR, Myette K, Lin SJ, Hamori CA. Labiaplasty: Indications and Predictors of Postoperative Sequelae in 451 Consecutive Cases. Aesthet Surg J 2018; 38:644-653. [PMID: 29342228 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjx241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing demand for labiaplasty is well recognized; however, the procedure remains contentious. OBJECTIVES We aim to provide a large-scale, up-to-date analysis of labiaplasty outcomes and factors influencing postoperative sequelae (POS). METHODS We analyzed a single-center, prospectively maintained database of females undergoing labiaplasty between 2002 and 2017. Demographic, procedural, and outcomes' data were retrieved. Binary logistic regressions were used to evaluate the odds of developing POS (revisional surgery and complications); presented as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Data for 451 consecutive patients were retrieved, ten of whom were <18 years of age. Overall, 86% were Caucasian, mean age was 32.6 years, and 11.8% were smokers. Concomitant labia majora reduction was performed in 7.3%, and clitoral hood reduction in 5.8%. There were 32 cases of POS (7.1%), while the complication rate was 3.8%. Comparing those with POS to those without, there were no differences in age (32.8 vs 29.9 years, P = 0.210), operative time (78.5 vs 80.6 minutes, P = 0.246), or comorbidities (P > 0.05 for all). On univariable analysis, increased odds of POS occurred with sexual dysfunction as an indication for surgery (OR 3.778, CI 1.682-8.483). On subgroup analysis of those ≥18 years, both smoking (2.576, CI 1.044-6.357) and sexual dysfunction as an indication (OR 4.022, CI 1.772-9.131) increased the odds of POS. On multivariable analysis of the subgroup, sexual dysfunction as an indication persisted in significance (OR 3.850, CI 1.683-8.807). CONCLUSIONS Results compare favorably with previously reported complication and revisional surgery rates. Smoking and sexual dysfunction may increase the risk of complications. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Bucknor
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Austin D Chen
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sabine Egeler
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Patrick Bletsis
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Anna Rose Johnson
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kate Myette
- private plastic surgery practice in Duxbury, MA
| | - Samuel J Lin
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Christine A Hamori
- Plastic surgeon in private practice in Duxbury MA
- The Genital Rejuvenation Section Editor for Aesthetic Surgery Journal
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