1
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Chen G, Ma S, Gong Q, Xie X, Wu P, Guo W, Kang L, Li M, Zhang H, Zhou E, Zhang Y, Rong J, Duan H, Jin L, Xu S, Zhang N, Sun S, Li R, Yao L, Xiang D, Bu L, Liu Z. Assessment of brain imaging and cognitive function in a modified rhesus monkey model of depression. Behav Brain Res 2023; 445:114382. [PMID: 36871905 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Depression incurs a huge personal and societal burden, impairing cognitive and social functioning and affecting millions of people worldwide. A better understanding of the biological basis of depression could facilitate the development of new and improved therapies. Rodent models have limitations and do not fully recapitulate human disease, hampering clinical translation. Primate models of depression help to bridge this translational gap and facilitate research into the pathophysiology of depression. Here we optimized a protocol for administering unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) to non-human primates and evaluated the influence of UCMS on cognition using the classical Wisconsin General Test Apparatus (WGTA) method. We used resting-state functional MRI to explore changes in amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations and regional homogeneity in rhesus monkeys. Our work highlights that the UCMS paradigm effectively induces behavioral and neurophysiological (functional MRI) changes in monkeys but without significantly impacting cognition. The UCMS protocol requires further optimization in non-human primates to authentically simulate changes in cognition associated with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guopeng Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Simeng Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Qian Gong
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xinhui Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Hubei Topgene Xinsheng Technology Co., Ltd, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Wenbi Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Central Theater General Hospital, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lijun Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Meng Li
- PET-CT/MRI Center and Molecular Imaging Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Honghan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Enqi Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Jingtong Rong
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Hao Duan
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Liuyin Jin
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Shuxian Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Siqi Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Ruiling Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Lihua Yao
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Dan Xiang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Lihong Bu
- PET-CT/MRI Center and Molecular Imaging Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.
| | - Zhongchun Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
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2
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Ausderau KK, Colman RJ, Kabakov S, Schultz-Darken N, Emborg ME. Evaluating depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in non-human primates. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 16:1006065. [PMID: 36744101 PMCID: PMC9892652 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1006065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression and anxiety are some of the most prevalent and debilitating mental health conditions in humans. They can present on their own or as co-morbidities with other disorders. Like humans, non-human primates (NHPs) can develop depression- and anxiety-like signs. Here, we first define human depression and anxiety, examine equivalent species-specific behaviors in NHPs, and consider models and current methods to identify and evaluate these behaviors. We also discuss knowledge gaps, as well as the importance of evaluating the co-occurrence of depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in animal models of human disease. Lastly, we consider ethical challenges in depression and anxiety research on NHPs in order to ultimately advance the understanding and the personalized treatment of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla K. Ausderau
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Ricki J. Colman
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Sabrina Kabakov
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Nancy Schultz-Darken
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Marina E. Emborg
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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3
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Makau CM, Towett PK, Kanui TI, Abelson KSP. Antinociceptive effects of nortriptyline and desipramine hydrochloride in Speke's hinge-back tortoise (Kinixys Spekii). Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2023; 37:567-576. [PMID: 36617732 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Some of the most commonly used analgesic drugs in animals are of questionable efficacy or present adverse side effects among the various species of reptiles. Tricyclic antidepressants have been demonstrated to have antinociceptive effects in several animal models of pain and could be a good alternative for use in reptiles. The aim of the study was to investigate the antinociceptive effects of nortriptyline and desipramine hydrochloride in Speke's hinge-back tortoise. A total of 24 animals weighing 600-1000 g were used for nociceptive tests, i.e., formalin, capsaicin, and hot plate tests. Drugs were administered intracoelomically 30 min before starting the tests. The time spent in nocifensive behavior and the associated observable effects during the tests were recorded. Only the highest dose of 40 mg/kg of nortriptyline hydrochloride caused statistically significant decrease in nocifensive behavior in both the formalin and the capsaicin test. Desipramine hydrochloride at doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg caused statistically significant decrease in nocifensive behavior in the formalin test. Also, desipramine hydrochloride at doses of 15, 20, and 60 mg/kg caused statistically significant decrease in nocifensive behavior in the capsaicin test. None of the doses used for both drugs had any statistically significant effect on nocifensive behavior in the hot plate test. The results show that nortriptyline and desipramine hydrochloride have significant antinociceptive effects in the chemical but not thermal inflammatory pain-related behavior in the Speke's hinge-back tortoise. The most common associated side effect following administration of the higher doses of either of the drugs is excessive salivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Makau
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Philemon K Towett
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Titus I Kanui
- School of Agriculture and Veterinary sciences, South Eastern Kenya University, Kitui, Kenya
| | - Klas S P Abelson
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
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4
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de Meiroz Grilo MLP, de Sousa GM, de Mendonça LAC, Lobão-Soares B, de Sousa MBC, Palhano-Fontes F, de Araujo DB, Perkins D, Hallak JEC, Galvão-Coelho NL. Prophylactic action of ayahuasca in a non-human primate model of depressive-like behavior. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:901425. [PMID: 36408451 PMCID: PMC9672345 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.901425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Observational studies of long-term users of ayahuasca, an Amazonian psychedelic brew, suggest an increase in resilience via improvements in emotion and cognition. Ayahuasca has also demonstrated clinical antidepressant effects in human and animal studies; however, its potential prophylactic action in depression has not been previously studied. Therefore, this experimental study sought to evaluate the potential prophylactic effects of repeated and long-term ayahuasca use, via the modulation of resilience, in a non-human primate animal model, Callithrix jacchus, subjected to a protocol for induction of depressive-like behavior. For the formation of the study groups, some juvenile marmosets were kept in their family groups (GF = 7), while for the two experimental groups, the animals were removed from the family and kept socially isolated. Then, part of the isolated animals made up the group in which ayahuasca was administered (AG, n = 6), while for others, no intervention was made (IG, n = 5). AG animals took ayahuasca (1.67 mL/300g body weight) at weeks 4 (before isolation), 8, and 12 (during isolation) of the study. More adaptive stress response was observed for the AG when compared to the IG. The AG showed higher cortisol reactivity and fecal cortisol levels than IG, while both measures were similar to FG. Moreover, AG animals showed no signs of anhedonia and no increase in chronic stress-related behaviors, which were expressed by the IG. Thus, ayahuasca seems to promote the expression of resilient responses, indicating a prophylactic action, buffering the emergence of depressive-like behaviors and cortisol alterations associated with major depression. These results are encouraging for further research on the prophylactic use of psychedelics to prevent psychopathologies associated with chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lara Porpino de Meiroz Grilo
- Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Psychobiology, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Geovan Menezes de Sousa
- Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Psychobiology, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Lilían Andrade Carlos de Mendonça
- Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Bruno Lobão-Soares
- Postgraduate Program in Psychobiology, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
- National Science and Technology Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Bernardete Cordeiro de Sousa
- Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Psychobiology, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | | | - Daniel Perkins
- School of Social and Political Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jaime Eduardo Cecilio Hallak
- National Science and Technology Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nicole Leite Galvão-Coelho
- Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Psychobiology, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
- National Science and Technology Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Physiology and Behavior, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
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5
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Helman TJ, Headrick JP, Vider J, Peart JN, Stapelberg NJC. Sex-specific behavioral, neurobiological, and cardiovascular responses to chronic social stress in mice. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:2004-2027. [PMID: 36059192 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Psychosocial stress promotes and links mood and cardiovascular disorders in a sex-specific manner. However, findings in animal models are equivocal, in some cases opposing human dimorphisms. We examined central nervous system (CNS), behavioral, endocrine, cardiac, and hepatic outcomes in male or female C57Bl/6 mice subjected to chronic social stress (56 days of social isolation, with intermittent social confrontation encounters twice daily throughout the final 20 days). Females exhibited distinct physiological and behavioral changes, including relative weight loss, and increases in coronary resistance, hepatic inflammation, and thigmotaxic behavior in the open field. Males evidence reductions in coronary resistance and cardiac ischemic tolerance, with increased circulating and hippocampal monoamine levels and emerging anhedonia. Shared CNS gene responses include reduced hippocampal Maoa and increased Htr1b expression, while unique responses include repression of hypothalamic Ntrk1 and upregulation of cortical Nrf2 and Htr1b in females; and repression of hippocampal Drd1 and hypothalamic Gabra1 and Oprm in males. Declining cardiac stress resistance in males was associated with repression of cardiac leptin levels and metabolic, mitochondrial biogenesis, and anti-inflammatory gene expression. These integrated data reveal distinct biological responses to social stress in males and females, and collectively evidence greater biological disruption or allostatic load in females (consistent with propensities to stress-related mood and cardiovascular disorders in humans). Distinct stress biology, and molecular to organ responses, emphasize the importance of sex-specific mechanisms and potential approaches to stress-dependent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa J Helman
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - John P Headrick
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jelena Vider
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason N Peart
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicolas J C Stapelberg
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia.,Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Southport, Queensland, Australia
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6
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de França Santos M, de Menezes Galvão AC, Santos Silva F, Dos Santos Silva E, de Sousa G, Lobão-Soares B, Gonçalves Ferreira R, de Sousa MB, Leite Galvão-Coelho N. Welfare Improvement by Enrichment Programs in Common Marmoset Females Under Social Isolation. J APPL ANIM WELF SCI 2021; 25:297-309. [PMID: 34470552 DOI: 10.1080/10888705.2021.1968863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Animal welfare is critical to buffer stress in captive animals and to ensure the reliability of data from studies. The most usual environmental enrichment technique (EE) for social non-human primates is the social enrichment. However, some experimental protocols require keeping individuals isolated, thus demanding other types of EE. We tested in six adult Callithrix jacchus females, single housed for experimental purpose, the stress buffering efficacy of a structural enrichment protocol (SEP) and SEP in combination with a foraging enrichment (FSEP) using fecal cortisol and behaviors to infer stress levels. Both types of EE improved welfare in different ways, while cortisol levels decreased with both EE as compared to the baseline, autogrooming, and piloerection increased after FSEP probably due to the new foods. Therefore, these findings support alternative practices of EE when social animals are living in isolation and reinforce the positive role of structural and food enrichment for decreasing stress markers. It also encourages studies on welfare with females, since its use as an animal model has increased .
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana de França Santos
- Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Ana Cecília de Menezes Galvão
- Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Postgraduation Program in Psychobiology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Flávia Santos Silva
- Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Erick Dos Santos Silva
- Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Postgraduation Program in Psychobiology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Geovan de Sousa
- Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Postgraduation Program in Psychobiology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Bruno Lobão-Soares
- Postgraduation Program in Psychobiology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Renata Gonçalves Ferreira
- Postgraduation Program in Psychobiology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Laboratory of Advanced Studies in Primates, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Maria Bernardete de Sousa
- Postgraduation Program in Psychobiology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Postgraduation Program in Neuroscience, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Nicole Leite Galvão-Coelho
- Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Postgraduation Program in Psychobiology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Laboratory of Advanced Studies in Primates, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
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7
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de Sousa MBC, de Meiroz Grilo MLP, Galvão-Coelho NL. Natural and Experimental Evidence Drives Marmosets for Research on Psychiatric Disorders Related to Stress. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:674256. [PMID: 34177478 PMCID: PMC8227430 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.674256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the behavioral ecology of marmosets carried out in their natural habitat associated with the advent of a non-invasive technique for measuring steroid hormones in feces has made a significant contribution to understanding their social relationships and sexual strategies. These studies showed that they are mainly monogamous, live in relatively stable social groups according to a social hierarchy in which females compete and males cooperate, and form social bonds similar to humans, which makes this species a potential animal model to study disorders related to social stress. In addition, laboratory studies observed the expression of behaviors similar to those in nature and deepened the descriptions of their social and reproductive strategies. They also characterized their responses to the challenge using behavioral, cognitive, physiological, and genetic approaches that were sexually dimorphic and influenced by age and social context. These findings, added to some advantages which indicate good adaptation to captivity and the benefits of the birth of twins, small size, and life cycle in comparison to primates of the Old World, led to their use as animal models for validating psychiatric diseases such as major depression. Juvenile marmosets have recently been used to develop a depression model and to test a psychedelic brew called Ayahuasca from the Amazon rainforest as an alternative treatment for major depression, for which positive results have been found which encourage further studies in adolescents. Therefore, we will review the experimental evidence obtained so far and discuss the extension of the marmoset as an animal model for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bernardete Cordeiro de Sousa
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil.,Postgraduation Program in Psychobiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil.,Postgraduation Program in Neuroscience, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil.,Laboratory of Advanced Studies in Primates, UFRN-Brazil, and Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Natal, Brazil
| | - Maria Lara Porpino de Meiroz Grilo
- Postgraduation Program in Psychobiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil.,Laboratory of Advanced Studies in Primates, UFRN-Brazil, and Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Natal, Brazil
| | - Nicole Leite Galvão-Coelho
- Postgraduation Program in Psychobiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil.,Laboratory of Advanced Studies in Primates, UFRN-Brazil, and Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Natal, Brazil.,Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Translational Medicine, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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8
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Toward a Quantification of Anhedonia: Unified Matching Law and Signal Detection for Clinical Assessment and Drug Development. Perspect Behav Sci 2021; 44:517-540. [DOI: 10.1007/s40614-021-00288-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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9
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Koizumi M, Nogami N, Owari K, Kawanobe A, Nakatani T, Seki K. Motility Profile of Captive-Bred Marmosets Revealed by a Long-Term In-Cage Monitoring System. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:645308. [PMID: 33935661 PMCID: PMC8081884 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.645308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A quantitative evaluation of motility is crucial for studies employing experimental animals. Here, we describe the development of an in-cage motility monitoring method for new world monkeys using off-the-shelf components, and demonstrate its capability for long-term operation (e.g., a year). Based on this novel system, we characterized the motility of the common marmoset over different time scales (seconds, hours, days, and weeks). Monitoring of seven young animals belonging to two different age groups (sub-adult and young-adult) over a 231-day period revealed: (1) strictly diurnal activity (97.3% of movement during daytime), (2) short-cycle (∼20 s) transition in activity, and (3) bimodal diurnal activity including a "siesta" break. Additionally, while the mean duration of short-cycle activity, net daily activity, and diurnal activity changed over the course of development, 24-h periodicity remained constant. Finally, the method allowed for detection of progressive motility deterioration in a transgenic marmoset. Motility measurement offers a convenient way to characterize developmental and pathological changes in animals, as well as an economical and labor-free means for long-term evaluation in a wide range of basic and translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kazuhiko Seki
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Masi G, Berloffa S, Milone A, Brovedani P. Social withdrawal and gender differences: Clinical phenotypes and biological bases. J Neurosci Res 2021; 101:751-763. [PMID: 33550643 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Evidence from everyday life suggests that differences in social behaviors between males and females exist, both in animal and in humans. These differences can be related to socio-cultural determinants, but also to specialized portions of the brain (the social brain), from the neurotransmitter to the neural network level. The high vulnerability of this system is expressed by the wide range of neuropsychiatric disorders associated with social dysfunctions, particularly social withdrawal. The principal psychiatric disorders with prominent social withdrawal are described, including hikikomori-like syndromes, and anxiety, depressive, autistic, schizophrenic, and personality disorders. It is hypothesized that social withdrawal can be partially independent from other symptoms and likely reflect alterations in the social brain itself, leading to a similar, transdiagnostic social dysfunction, reflecting defects in the social brain across a variety of psychopathological conditions. An overview is provided of gender effects in the biological determinants of social behavior, including: the anatomical structures of the social brain; the dimorphic brain structures, and the modulation of their development by sex steroids; gender differences in "social" neurotransmitters (vasopressin and oxytocin), and in their response to social stress. A better comprehension of gender differences in the phenotypes of social disorders and in the neural bases of social behaviors may provide new insights for timely, focused, innovative, and gender-specific treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Masi
- IRCCS Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Berloffa
- IRCCS Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - Annarita Milone
- IRCCS Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Brovedani
- IRCCS Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
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11
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Temperament, Plasticity, and Emotions in Defensive Behaviour of Paca (Mammalia, Hystricognatha). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020293. [PMID: 33498936 PMCID: PMC7911602 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The paca (Cuniculus paca), a Neotropical caviomorph rodent, provides the most sought-after game meat in all its range, and it therefore faces high hunting pressure and consequent poor welfare. The species is categorised as having a conservation status of “least concern” and appears resilient to over-hunting by humans, which may be related to individuals’ behavioural characteristics. To investigate this, we submitted captive pacas to temperament (personality) tests designed to assess individual responses to short challenges and to evaluate individuals’ emotional states. Our results showed that paca with a “restless” temperament performed more abnormal behaviour and less exploratory behaviour in a test of defensive behaviour, which elevations in faecal glucocorticoid metabolites indicated to be stressful. Plasticity in defensive behaviour was inferred from changes in behavioural responses and apparently rapid adaptation to different levels of risk. Our results suggest that individual differences and consistency of behavioural responses displayed by paca toward challenges may reflect a generally flexible and successful defensive behavioural response that underpins the paca’s survival, despite the threat of overhunting throughout its range. Abstract Within a species, some individuals are better able to cope with threatening environments than others. Paca (Cuniculus paca) appear resilient to over-hunting by humans, which may be related to the behavioural plasticity shown by this species. To investigate this, we submitted captive pacas to temperament tests designed to assess individual responses to short challenges and judgement bias tests (JBT) to evaluate individuals’ affective states. Results indicated across-time and context stability in closely correlated “agitated”, “fearful” and “tense” responses; this temperament dimension was labelled “restless”. Individual “restless” scores predicted responses to novelty, although not to simulated chasing and capture by humans in a separate modified defence test battery (MDTB). Restless animals were more likely to show a greater proportion of positive responses to an ambiguous cue during JBT after the MDTB. Plasticity in defensive behaviour was inferred from changes in behavioural responses and apparently rapid adaptation to challenge in the different phases of the MDTB. The results indicate that both temperament and behavioural plasticity may play a role in influencing paca responses to risky situations. Therefore, our study highlights the importance of understanding the role of individual temperament traits and behavioural plasticity in order to better interpret the animals’ conservation status and vulnerabilities.
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Chronic unpredictable mild stress produces depressive-like behavior, hypercortisolemia, and metabolic dysfunction in adolescent cynomolgus monkeys. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:9. [PMID: 33414370 PMCID: PMC7791128 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01132-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescent depression is a common and serious mental disorder with unique characteristics that are distinct from adult depression. The adult non-human primate stress-induced model of depressive-like behavior is an excellent model for the study of mechanisms; however, an adolescent nonhuman primate model is still lacking. Ten male adolescent cynomolgus monkeys were divided into a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS, n = 5) group and a control (CON, n = 5) group by age and weight-matched pairs. The CUMS group was exposed to multiple unpredictable mild stressors for five cycles over 55 days. At baseline, there were no differences between CUMS and CON groups. At endpoint, the CUMS group demonstrated significantly higher depressive-like behavior (huddle posture), and significantly lower locomotion compared with the CON group. Furthermore, depressive-like behavior increased from baseline to endpoint in the CUMS group, but not changed in the CON group. In the attempt for apple test, the CUMS group made significantly fewer attempts for the apple than the CON group. In the human intruder test, the CUMS group showed significantly higher anxiety-like behaviors in the stare phase than the CON group. Hair cortisol level was significantly higher in the CUMS group than the CON group at endpoint, and was also elevated from baseline to endpoint. Metabolic profiling of plasma at endpoint identified alterations in metabolite pathways which overlapped with those of adolescent depression patients. CUMS can induce depressive-like and anxiety-like behaviors, hypercortisolemia, and metabolic perturbations in adolescent cynomolgus monkeys. This is a promising model to study the mechanisms underlying adolescent depression.
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Wooldridge LM, Bergman J, Pizzagalli DA, Kangas BD. Translational Assessments of Reward Responsiveness in the Marmoset. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 24:409-418. [PMID: 33280005 PMCID: PMC8130205 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyaa090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anhedonia, the loss of pleasure in previously rewarding activities, is a prominent feature of major depressive disorder and often resistant to first-line antidepressant treatment. A paucity of translatable cross-species tasks to assess subdomains of anhedonia, including reward learning, presents a major obstacle to the development of effective therapeutics. One assay of reward learning characterized by orderly behavioral and pharmacological findings in both humans and rats is the probabilistic reward task. In this computerized task, subjects make discriminations across numerous trials in which correct responses to one alternative are rewarded more often (rich) than correct responses to the other (lean). Healthy control subjects reliably develop a response bias to the rich alternative. However, participants with major depressive disorder as well as rats exposed to chronic stress typically exhibit a blunted response bias. METHODS The present studies validated a touchscreen-based probabilistic reward task for the marmoset, a small nonhuman primate with considerable translational value. First, probabilistic reinforcement contingencies were parametrically examined. Next, the effects of ketamine (1.0-10.0 mg/kg), a US Food and Drug Administration-approved rapid-acting antidepressant, and phencyclidine (0.01-0.1 mg/kg), a pharmacologically similar N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist with no known antidepressant efficacy, were evaluated. RESULTS Increases in the asymmetry of rich:lean probabilistic contingencies produced orderly increases in response bias. Consistent with their respective clinical profiles, ketamine but not phencyclidine produced dose-related increases in response bias at doses that did not reduce task discriminability. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these findings confirm task and pharmacological sensitivity in the marmoset, which may be useful in developing medications to counter anhedonia across neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jack Bergman
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Diego A Pizzagalli
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brian D Kangas
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Correspondence: Brian D. Kangas, PhD, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478 ()
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14
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Gururajan A, Reif A, Cryan JF, Slattery DA. The future of rodent models in depression research. Nat Rev Neurosci 2019; 20:686-701. [DOI: 10.1038/s41583-019-0221-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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15
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Sanders SJ, Sahin M, Hostyk J, Thurm A, Jacquemont S, Avillach P, Douard E, Martin CL, Modi ME, Moreno-De-Luca A, Raznahan A, Anticevic A, Dolmetsch R, Feng G, Geschwind DH, Glahn DC, Goldstein DB, Ledbetter DH, Mulle JG, Pasca SP, Samaco R, Sebat J, Pariser A, Lehner T, Gur RE, Bearden CE. A framework for the investigation of rare genetic disorders in neuropsychiatry. Nat Med 2019; 25:1477-1487. [PMID: 31548702 PMCID: PMC8656349 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0581-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
De novo and inherited rare genetic disorders (RGDs) are a major cause of human morbidity, frequently involving neuropsychiatric symptoms. Recent advances in genomic technologies and data sharing have revolutionized the identification and diagnosis of RGDs, presenting an opportunity to elucidate the mechanisms underlying neuropsychiatric disorders by investigating the pathophysiology of high-penetrance genetic risk factors. Here we seek out the best path forward for achieving these goals. We think future research will require consistent approaches across multiple RGDs and developmental stages, involving both the characterization of shared neuropsychiatric dimensions in humans and the identification of neurobiological commonalities in model systems. A coordinated and concerted effort across patients, families, researchers, clinicians and institutions, including rapid and broad sharing of data, is now needed to translate these discoveries into urgently needed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan J Sanders
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mustafa Sahin
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Hostyk
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, Hammer Health Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Audrey Thurm
- National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sebastien Jacquemont
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Paul Avillach
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elise Douard
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christa L Martin
- Geisinger Autism & Developmental Medicine Institute, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Meera E Modi
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Alan Anticevic
- Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ricardo Dolmetsch
- Department of Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Guoping Feng
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David C Glahn
- Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David B Goldstein
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, Hammer Health Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - David H Ledbetter
- Geisinger Autism & Developmental Medicine Institute, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer G Mulle
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sergiu P Pasca
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Rodney Samaco
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan Sebat
- Beyster Center for Genomics of Psychiatric Diseases, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anne Pariser
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Lehner
- National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Section, and the Lifespan Brain Institute, Perelman School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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16
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Murphy AM, Ross CN, Bliss-Moreau E. Noninvasive cardiac psychophysiology as a tool for translational science with marmosets. Am J Primatol 2019; 81:e23037. [PMID: 31515850 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The importance of marmosets for comparative and translational science has grown in recent years because of their relatively rapid development, birth cohorts of twins, family social structure, and genetic tractability. Despite this, they remain understudied in investigations of affective processes. In this methodological note, we establish the validity of using noninvasive commercially available equipment to record cardiac physiology and compute indices of autonomic nervous system activity-a major component of affective processes. Specifically, we recorded electrocardiogram and impedance cardiogram, from which we derived heart rate, respiration rate, measures of high-frequency heart rate variability (indices of parasympathetic autonomic nervous system activity), and ventricular contractility (an index of sympathetic autonomic nervous system activity). Our methods produced physiologically plausible data, and further, animals with increased heart rates during testing were also more reactive to isolation from their social partner and presentation of novel objects, though no relationship was observed between reactivity and specific indices of parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous system activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Murphy
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California.,Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Corinna N Ross
- Department of Science and Mathematics, Texas A&M University, San Antonio, Texas.,Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas.,Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Eliza Bliss-Moreau
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California.,Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, California
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da Silva FS, Silva EA, de Sousa GM, Maia-de-Oliveira JP, Soares-Rachetti VDP, de Araujo DB, Sousa MB, Lobão-Soares B, Hallak J, Galvão-Coelho NL. Acute effects of ayahuasca in a juvenile non-human primate model of depression. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PSIQUIATRIA (SAO PAULO, BRAZIL : 1999) 2019; 41:280-288. [PMID: 30427388 PMCID: PMC6804303 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The incidence rate of major depression in adolescents reaches approximately 14%. This disorder is usually recurrent, without remission of symptoms even after pharmacological treatment, and persists throughout adult life. Since the effects of antidepressants take approximately 2 weeks to begin, new pharmacological therapies are under continuous exploration. Recent evidence suggests that psychedelics could produce rapid antidepressant effects. In this study, we evaluated the potential antidepressant effects of ayahuasca in a juvenile non-human primate model of depression. METHODS While living with their families, juvenile marmosets (8 males; 7 females) were observed on alternate days for four weeks during a baseline phase. This was followed by 8 weeks of an induced depressive state protocol, the social isolated context (IC), in which the animals were monitored in the first and last weeks. Subsequently, five males and four females were randomly selected for treatment, first with a single administration of saline vehicle (1.67 mL/300 g of body weight, via gavage), followed by a single dose of ayahuasca (1.67 mL/300 g of body weight, via gavage). Both phases lasted 1 week and the animals were monitored daily. A third week of sampling was called the tardive-pharmacological effects phase. In all phases the marmosets were assessed for behavior, fecal cortisol levels, and body weight. RESULTS After IC, the animals presented typical hypocortisolemia, but cortisol recovered to baseline levels 24 h after an acute dose of ayahuasca; this recovery was not observed in vehicle-treated animals. Additionally, in males, ayahuasca, but not the vehicle, reduced scratching, a stereotypic behavior, and increased feeding. Ayahuasca treatment also improved body weight to baseline levels in both sexes. The ayahuasca-induced behavioral response had long-term effects (14 days). Thus, in this translational juvenile animal model of depression, ayahuasca presented beneficial effects. CONCLUSIONS These results can contribute to the validation of ayahuasca as an antidepressant drug and encourage new studies on psychedelic drugs as a tool for treating mood disorders, including for adolescents with early-onset depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia S. da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
- Laboratório de Medidas Hormonais, Departamento de Fisiologia, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Erick A.S. Silva
- Laboratório de Medidas Hormonais, Departamento de Fisiologia, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Geovan M. de Sousa
- Laboratório de Medidas Hormonais, Departamento de Fisiologia, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - João P. Maia-de-Oliveira
- Departamento de Medicina Clínica, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria B.C. Sousa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
- Laboratório de Medidas Hormonais, Departamento de Fisiologia, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
- Instituto do Cérebro, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Bruno Lobão-Soares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Natal, RN, Brazil
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Jaime Hallak
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Natal, RN, Brazil
- Departamento de Neurociências e Comportamento, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Nicole L. Galvão-Coelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
- Laboratório de Medidas Hormonais, Departamento de Fisiologia, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Natal, RN, Brazil
- Departamento de Fisiologia, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
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18
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Meng LB, Shan MJ, Yu ZM, Lv J, Qi RM, Guo P, Zhang YM, Gong T. Chronic stress: a crucial promoter of cell apoptosis in atherosclerosis. J Int Med Res 2019; 48:300060518814606. [PMID: 30700193 PMCID: PMC7140195 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518814606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Chronic stress may lead to augmented incidence rates of coronary and
cerebrovascular diseases associated with atherosclerosis. However, few
studies have focused on the effect of chronic stress on atherosclerosis
plaque formation. Therefore, this study was designed to directly evaluate
how chronic stress affects atherosclerosis. Methods Thirty rabbits were divided into three groups: the control group,
balloon-injury operation + high-fat diet model group, and chronic
stress + balloon-injury operation + high-fat diet model group. Physical and
social stress were induced, and proteomic methods were applied to identify
specific markers. Results After protein determination, the chronic stress + balloon-injury
operation + high-fat diet model group exhibited significant upregulation of
the following apoptosis-related proteins: UBE2K, caspase 3, caspase 9, BAX,
P53, and FAS. In particular, real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that
the protein expression of caspase 9 was significantly downregulated in the
stress group compared with the non-stress groups. However, the other
proteins showed significantly increased expression in the stress group. Conclusion Chronic stress may promote cell apoptosis in the physiopathologic process of
atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Bing Meng
- Neurology Department, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Dong Dan, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Jie Shan
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ze-Mou Yu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Lv
- Second Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Ruo-Mei Qi
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Dong Dan, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Meng Zhang
- Internal Medicine Department, Jinzhou Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Tao Gong
- Neurology Department, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Dong Dan, Beijing, China
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Enomoto T, Ikeda K. [Translational behavioral research using common marmosets in the psychiatric field]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2019; 153:28-34. [PMID: 30643089 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.153.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The drug discovery activities for novel compounds with the superior efficacies to current drugs have been largely unsuccessful in the psychiatric field. One of the main reasons is the lack of appropriate behavioral assays and animal models for psychiatric disorders. Since the prefrontal cortex has great roles in their pathophysiology, non-human primate common marmosets with the well-developed prefrontal cortex would be useful as experimental animals in the future translational research. To measure objectively and quantitatively the psychiatric symptoms like motivational deficits, negative affective bias and cognitive impairments in patients with schizophrenia or major depressive disorder, the clinical laboratory tasks have been developed. The development of marmoset behavioral paradigms, which may correspond to the clinical laboratory tasks, have been progressed for the translational research. On the other hand, there are still limitations to develop the marmoset models resembling the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. We review the current state and future perspective of translational behavioral research using marmosets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Enomoto
- Higher Brain Function Research, Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd
| | - Kazuhito Ikeda
- Higher Brain Function Research, Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd
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20
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Galvão ACDM, de Almeida RN, Silva EADS, Freire FAM, Palhano-Fontes F, Onias H, Arcoverde E, Maia-de-Oliveira JP, de Araújo DB, Lobão-Soares B, Galvão-Coelho NL. Cortisol Modulation by Ayahuasca in Patients With Treatment Resistant Depression and Healthy Controls. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:185. [PMID: 29867608 PMCID: PMC5952178 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depression is a highly prevalent mood disorder, affecting about 350 million people, and around 30% of the patients are resistant to currently available antidepressant medications. Recent evidence from a randomized controlled trial (RCT) supports the rapid antidepressant effects of the psychedelic ayahuasca in treatment-resistant depression. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of ayahuasca on plasma cortisol and awakening salivary cortisol response, in the same group of treatment-resistant patients (MD) and in healthy volunteers (C). Subjects received a single dose of ayahuasca or placebo (dosing session), and both plasma and awakening salivary cortisol response were measured at baseline (before dosing session) and 48 h after the dosing session. Baseline assessment (D0) showed blunted awakening salivary cortisol response and hypocortisolemia in patients, with respect to healthy controls. Salivary cortisol was also measured during dosing session, and we observed higher increases for both C and MD that ingested ayahuasca than placebo. After 48 h from the dosing session with ayahuasca, patients' awakening salivary cortisol response is similar to the ones detected in controls. No significant changes in plasma cortisol levels were observed 48 h after the sessions. Therefore, these findings point to new evidence on the modulation of salivary cortisol levels as a result of an ayahuasca session, both in healthy and depressive volunteers. Considering that cortisol acts in regulation of distinct physiological pathways, emotional and cognitive processes, it is assumed to be critically involved to the etiology of depression and its regulation seems to be important for the treatment and remission of major depression, ayahuasca use as antidepressant should be further investigated. Moreover, this study highlights the importance of psychedelics in the treatment of human mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C de Menezes Galvão
- Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Psychobiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Raíssa N de Almeida
- Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Psychobiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Erick A Dos Santos Silva
- Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Fúlvio A M Freire
- Postgraduate Program in Psychobiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Palhano-Fontes
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Onofre Lopes University Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Heloisa Onias
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Onofre Lopes University Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Emerson Arcoverde
- Onofre Lopes University Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - João P Maia-de-Oliveira
- Onofre Lopes University Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Translational Medicine, Natal, Brazil
| | - Dráulio B de Araújo
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Onofre Lopes University Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Bruno Lobão-Soares
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Translational Medicine, Natal, Brazil.,Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Nicole L Galvão-Coelho
- Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Psychobiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Translational Medicine, Natal, Brazil
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