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Wen W, Zhang X, Wu K, Guan L, Huang A, Liang Z, Yu X, Gu Q, Huang Y. Association between parenting styles and dyslexia in primary school students: the mediating role of home literacy environment. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1382519. [PMID: 38939228 PMCID: PMC11209994 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1382519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Despite an increasing amount of research on the relationship between parenting styles and neurodevelopmental disorders, there has been minimal focus on how parenting styles impact children's reading abilities. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential mediating role of the home literacy environment in the connection between parenting styles and dyslexia. Methods A total of 212 primary school students from grade 2-5 were recruited for this study. The Chinese Reading Ability Test was used to screen children with dyslexia. The home literacy environment was evaluated using a structured questionnaire that measured the frequency and quality of reading-related activities between parents and children. Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran questionnaire was used to assess the parenting style, including emotional warmth, rejection, overprotection, and anxious rearing. It is a self-report tool filled out by the children themselves, used to assess their perceptions of their parents' parenting styles. The structural equation modeling was carried out to evaluate the direct, indirect, and total effects of parenting styles on dyslexia. Results Compared to control group, male children with dyslexia had lower scores in parenting styles characterized by emotional warmth, overprotecting and anxious rearing (p < 0.05), while female children with dyslexia only showed lower scores in anxious rearing (p < 0.05). Children with dyslexia lacked regular reading time (OR = 2.69, 95%CI: 1.04-6.97, p < 0.05), and have higher homework pressure compared to normal children (OR = 7.41, 95%CI: 1.45-37.82, p < 0.05). Additionally, emotional warmth, paternal overprotection and anxious rearing were negatively associated with dyslexia in children (all p < 0.05). Our findings indicate a strong correlation between dyslexia, home literacy environment, and parenting styles. In a structural equation model, the home literacy environment was identified as an independent mediator between parenting styles and dyslexia. The total effect of parenting styles on dyslexia is 0.55, with an indirect effect of 0.68 mediated by the home literacy environment. Conclusion The findings of this study indicate that home literacy environment serves as a mediator between parenting styles and dyslexia in children. This study highlights how parenting styles influence dyslexia, offering key insights for aiding dyslexic children and guiding effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyi Wen
- Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuanzhi Zhang
- Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College—Faculty of Medicine of University of Manitoba Joint Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kusheng Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liwen Guan
- Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Anyan Huang
- Department of Health Care, Shantou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiya Liang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinle Yu
- Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College—Faculty of Medicine of University of Manitoba Joint Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianfei Gu
- Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanhong Huang
- Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College—Faculty of Medicine of University of Manitoba Joint Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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Stephenson N, Hvidberg MF, Rogish M. The experience of parenting a child with dyslexia - A UK perspective with single parents. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2024; 147:104713. [PMID: 38458040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2024.104713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Dyslexia is a specific learning difficulty that affects the development of literacy and language-related skills, unrelated to intellectual ability. While the impact of parenting an individual with dyslexia (IWD) for married parents has been widely studied, little is known about the impact on single parents. This study explored the lived experiences of single parents of an IWD. Six female participants completed semi-structured interviews discussing their experience of the diagnostic process, support received and general parenting perspectives. Interview transcripts were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Three main themes were identified: Navigating the diagnosis; Various levels of support; Battling Misconceptions and Lack of Knowledge. Findings suggested that single parents had a mixed experience, both after receiving the diagnosis and in terms of the support they received from family and schools. Differences in the quality of statutory support were highlighted, implicating the need for improved dyslexia support in schools. Unique challenges of parenting an IWD as a single parent were also identified, highlighting important implications. Future research should explore differences in single fathers' experiences and the impact of dyslexia comorbidities on single parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Stephenson
- Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Michael Falk Hvidberg
- Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Miles Rogish
- Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK; Brainkind Neurological Centre York, York, YO23 1DE, UK
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Sharma GP, Sharma MC, Mohan R, Khera D, Raghu VA. A cross-sectional study to assess the anxiety and coping mechanism among primary caregivers of children admitted in PICU. J Family Med Prim Care 2023; 12:2042-2046. [PMID: 38024925 PMCID: PMC10657095 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_675_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction PICU admission of a child may cause anxiety and stress among the caregivers. The criteria for admission to a PICU are terrifying and may legitimately cause parents to fear that their child may pass away or suffer a serious disability. They may be overburdened with stress and anxiety of illness and compliment medical information while trying to maintain a balance with other family demands. They must learn coping mechanisms and use resources to stay stable when they face challenges. Evidence on the coping mechanisms used by primary caregivers to control their stress and anxiety is scarce so this study assessed the anxiety and coping mechanism among the primary caregivers of children admitted in PICU. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 143 primary caregivers by using convenience sampling technique at PICU, AIIMS, Jodhpur, from April 31, 2021, to January 20, 2022. The participants were enrolled after obtaining informed consent and were interviewed by the researcher. Results Study findings revealed that primary caregivers had 38% severe anxiety, 54% moderate anxiety, and 8% mild anxiety. They used emotion-focused coping (43.5%) followed by problem focused coping (37.2%) and avoidant coping (19.3%). Also, there was a significant association found between anxiety of primary caregivers and gender of the child (P = 0.012). Conclusion Anxiety and stress are one of the expected psychological problems faced by caregivers of children admitted in PICU. Healthcare workers must make concerted attempts to support caregivers adaptive coping mechanisms, so they can retain a sense of balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girraj P. Sharma
- Department of College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Science, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mukesh C. Sharma
- Department of College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Science, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Remiya Mohan
- Department of College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Science, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Daisy Khera
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - VA Raghu
- Department of College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Science, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
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Wilmot A, Pizzey H, Leitão S, Hasking P, Boyes M. "I struggle at times to see her struggle": Mothers' perspectives on dyslexia-related school struggles and the inter-connected nature of mother and child well-being. DYSLEXIA (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2023; 29:136-150. [PMID: 36755469 PMCID: PMC10946717 DOI: 10.1002/dys.1733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parents of children with dyslexia may be at elevated risk for parenting stress and mental health concerns. Our aim was to explore the emotional experience of growing up with dyslexia in Australia from parents' perspectives. In so doing, we also developed an understanding of parents' own mental health and support needs informed by their lived experience. METHODOLOGY Seventeen interviews with mothers of children (9-14 years; 16 with a diagnosis of dyslexia) were analysed using Braun and Clarke's reflexive thematic analysis approach. ANALYSIS Five themes were developed to address our aim: Theme 1: Years in the wilderness: Life before diagnosis; 2: "I struggle at times to see her struggle"; 3. School struggles: Advocating for our children and managing distress; 4. "It's a full-time job" and a "long slog"; 5: Care for the carer: Social support and coping strategies. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis suggests that mothers of children with dyslexia may be at elevated risk for mental health concerns. Specifically, chronic worry and stress, secondary distress, challenges to parenting self-efficacy, and lack of support and understanding (feeling isolated) were highlighted as plausible risk factors. Mothers described coping strategies at the community level (e.g., school connectedness) and at the individual level (e.g., "acceptance") as protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Wilmot
- Faculty of Health SciencesCurtin School of Population HealthBentleyAustralia
| | - Hannah Pizzey
- Faculty of Health SciencesCurtin School of Population HealthBentleyAustralia
| | - Suze Leitão
- Faculty of Health SciencesCurtin enAble Institute & Curtin School of Allied HealthBentleyAustralia
| | - Penelope Hasking
- Faculty of Health SciencesCurtin enAble Institute & Curtin School of Population HealthBentleyAustralia
| | - Mark Boyes
- Faculty of Health SciencesCurtin enAble Institute & Curtin School of Population HealthBentleyAustralia
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Fucà E, Costanzo F, Ursumando L, Vicari S. Parenting Stress in Mothers of Children and Adolescents with Down Syndrome. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11051188. [PMID: 35268278 PMCID: PMC8911183 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Parenting stress has deleterious effects on parents, children, and overall family functioning. Parents of children with intellectual disability, including Down Syndrome (DS), show higher levels of parenting stress than parents of typically developing children. This research aimed to (i) evaluate parenting stress levels in a group of mothers of youths with DS using a parent-report questionnaire, (ii) identify children’s individual and clinical features associated with maternal stress, and (iii) identify specific situational life/demographics factors related to maternal stress. Seventy-eight youths with DS underwent a neuropsychological evaluation, whereas mothers completed questionnaires for the assessment of parenting stress and of the child’s emotional and behavioral problems. We found that Parent–Child Difficult Interaction was the domain with the highest percentage of clinical scores (39.7%). Both internalizing and externalizing problems correlated with maternal stress, as well as autistic symptoms. The levels of maternal stress were not associated with any socio-demographic variable. After controlling for child-related correlates of maternal stress and for mothers’ age and education level, unemployed mothers exhibited higher levels of parental distress than employed mothers. The present study highlights that unemployment is related with parenting stress and potentially amenable to policy interventions supporting parents in combining work and family care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Fucà
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (E.F.); (L.U.); (S.V.)
| | - Floriana Costanzo
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (E.F.); (L.U.); (S.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-6859-7091
| | - Luciana Ursumando
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (E.F.); (L.U.); (S.V.)
| | - Stefano Vicari
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (E.F.); (L.U.); (S.V.)
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Catholic University, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Casa San Giuseppe, Centro di Riabilitazione Opera Don Guanella, 00165 Rome, Italy
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Soriano-Ferrer M, Morte-Soriano MR, Begeny J, Piedra-Martínez E. Psychoeducational Challenges in Spanish Children With Dyslexia and Their Parents' Stress During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychol 2021; 12:648000. [PMID: 34122234 PMCID: PMC8193576 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.648000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Research during 2020 has been rapidly attending to the impact of COVID-19 on various dimensions of wellbeing (e.g., physical, psychological, lifestyle and routines) on adults and children around the world. However, less attention has focused on the psychoeducational impact on children and their families. To our knowledge, no currently available studies have looked specifically at the impact of COVID-19 on students with dyslexia and their families. Research on this topic is needed to offer greater support for this population of students and their families. Objective The main objective of this paper is to examine the psychoeducational impact of the required COVID-19 quarantine in Spain among children with dyslexia and their families. Method A sample of 32 children with dyslexia and their mothers participated in this study. Measures Children and adolescents with dyslexia and their mother completed several measures before the required national quarantine in Spain and again during the quarantine. Children completed measures of depression, state anxiety, reading activity, and reading motivation. Mothers provided demographic information and completed measures related to students’ emotional and behavioral difficulties as well as parenting stress, parental distress, and a questionnaire about educational problems during quarantine. Results Major findings showed that during quarantine, children with dyslexia had increased levels of depression and anxiety symptoms, and parents perceived their children as having more emotional symptoms, hyperactivity-inattention, and conduct problems. During quarantine, children and adolescents with dyslexia also showed less reading activity and less reading motivation. Parents also reported significantly more stress, during quarantine compared to pre-quarantine conditions. Some demographic and psychological variables predicted children’s state anxiety as well parental stress. The questionnaire related to impacts of quarantine also revealed several important findings. For example, nearly all parents of children with dyslexia reported (a) difficulties in establishing study routines, (b) that the quarantine negatively affected their child’s learning, and (c) that they did not receive sufficient help from teachers on how to support their child’s learning. Additionally, the vast majority of the parents were very worried about the child’s learning and school success, the child’s motivation and interest in reading, the child’s peer relations, and the professional skills of the child’s teacher. Conclusion This study offers a preliminary investigation into this topic and elucidates several psychoeducational challenges that children with dyslexia and their families have experienced during the quarantine in Spain. Study findings highlight the need to provide immediate support for children with dyslexia and emphasizes the importance of developing prevention programs to mitigate any future negative impacts of COVID-19 on children with dyslexia and their parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Soriano-Ferrer
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - John Begeny
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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Scarano F, Dalla Corte A, Michielon R, Gava A, Midrio P. Application of a non-pharmacological technique in addition to the pharmacological protocol for the management of children's preoperative anxiety: A 10 years' experience. LA PEDIATRIA MEDICA E CHIRURGICA 2021; 43. [PMID: 33739059 DOI: 10.4081/pmc.2021.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate how Non- Pharmacological Techniques (NPT), in addition to standard pharmacological techniques, can help to manage and reduce the preoperative anxiety of children waiting for Day Surgery procedures (DS). Isola Serena activity started in 2008 to manage the preoperative time of children waiting for surgery in the playing room. The latter is run by a pedagogist. NPT includes use of games and toys, readings and drawings. A descriptive and comparative study was conducted on 50 children, aged 4 to 12 years, randomly assigned to Isola Serena group ISG and control group CG. All children received standard pharmacological techniques, while those of the ISG also received the NPT. The evaluation of the preoperative anxiety level (modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale) and parent's coping style (Coping Inventory for Stressful Situation) compared the two groups. The ISG showed a significantly lower level of preoperative anxiety than the CG. Parents' coping style was not related to the preoperative anxiety. The activity performed in the Isola Serena Project resulted to be effective for the reduction of preoperative anxiety in children undergoing DS procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Scarano
- Comitato Assistenza Bambini of the Lega Italiana per la Lotta contro i Tumori (CAB LILT), Treviso.
| | - Alessandra Dalla Corte
- Comitato Assistenza Bambini of the Lega Italiana per la Lotta contro i Tumori (CAB LILT), Treviso.
| | - Roberto Michielon
- Comitato Assistenza Bambini of the Lega Italiana per la Lotta contro i Tumori (CAB LILT), Treviso.
| | - Alessandro Gava
- Radiotherapy Department, Ca' Foncello Hospital and LILT, Treviso.
| | - Paola Midrio
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso.
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Smirni P, Vetri L, Misuraca E, Cappadonna M, Operto FF, Pastorino GMG, Marotta R. Misunderstandings about developmental dyslexia: a historical overview. Pediatr Rep 2020; 12:8505. [PMID: 32922710 PMCID: PMC7461647 DOI: 10.4081/pr.2020.8505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental dyslexia is a reading disorder unrelated to intellectual disability, inadequate teaching systems or poor motivation for schooling. The first attempts to understand such difficulty of learning to read, connected the problem to a primary 'visual defect'. Since then, several models have been developed. In the last decades, autopsy and histopathological studies on the brain of developmental dyslexics provided neuroanatomical evidence of structural and morphological differences between the normal and dyslexic brains. Furthermore, neuroimaging studies allowed to understand the neural systems of reading and dyslexia. According to more recent studies, developmental dyslexia appears as a language-related neurodevelopmental disorder with a deficit in phonological decoding and visuospatial organization of the language code. Therefore, dyslexia is viewed as a multicomponential and complex disorder. Consequently, rehabilitation should be aimed at both the recovery of linguistic decoding processes and the improvement of visuo-spatial and attentional processes. This brief overview should be a valuable tool for a deeper understanding of dyslexic disorder. Literature searches in Medline, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science identified one hundred articles focusing attention on how this disorder has been considered over the years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Smirni
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, Catania
| | - Luigi Vetri
- Departiment of Health Promotion, Maternal and Child Health, Internal Medicine and Specialist of Excellence “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo
| | - Eliana Misuraca
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo
| | - Marco Cappadonna
- Departiment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina
| | - Francesca Felicia Operto
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno
| | - Grazia Maria Giovanna Pastorino
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno
- Sleep Lab for Developmental Age, Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Department of Mental Health, Physical and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Napoli
| | - Rosa Marotta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
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