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Reid MJ, Omlin X, Espie CA, Sharman R, Tamm S, Kyle SD. The effect of sleep continuity disruption on multimodal emotion processing and regulation: a laboratory-based, randomised, controlled experiment in good sleepers. J Sleep Res 2023; 32:e13634. [PMID: 35578403 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Previous research shows that experimental sleep deprivation alters emotion processing, suggesting a potential mechanism linking sleep disruption to mental ill-health. Extending previous work, we experimentally disrupted sleep continuity in good sleepers and assessed next-day emotion processing and regulation using tasks with established sensitivity to depression. In a laboratory-based study, 51 good sleepers (37 female; mean [SD] age 24 [3.63] years), were randomised to 1 night of uninterrupted sleep (n = 24) or sleep continuity disruption (n = 27). We assessed emotion perception, attention, and memory the following day. Participants also completed an emotion regulation task and measures of self-reported affect, anxiety, sleepiness, overnight declarative memory consolidation, and psychomotor vigilance. Confirming the effects of the manipulation, sleep continuity disruption led to a marked decrease in polysomnography-defined total sleep time (229.98 versus 434.57 min), increased wake-time after sleep onset (260.66 versus 23.84 min), and increased sleepiness (d = 0.81). Sleep continuity disruption led to increased anxiety (d = 0.68), decreased positive affect (d = -0.62), reduced overnight declarative memory consolidation (d = -1.08), and reduced psychomotor vigilance (longer reaction times [d = 0.64] and more lapses [d = 0.74]), relative to control. However, contrary to our hypotheses, experimental sleep disruption had no effect on perception of, or bias for, emotional facial expressions, emotional memory for words, or emotion regulation following worry induction. In conclusion, 1 night of sleep continuity disruption had no appreciable effect on objective measures of emotion processing or emotion regulation in response to worry induction, despite clear effects on memory consolidation, vigilance, and self-reported affect and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Reid
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ximena Omlin
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Colin A Espie
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rachel Sharman
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sandra Tamm
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon D Kyle
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Event-Related Potentials during Verbal Recognition of Naturalistic Neutral-to-Emotional Dynamic Facial Expressions. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12157782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Event-related potentials during facial emotion recognition have been studied for more than twenty years. Nowadays, there has been a growing interest in the use of naturalistic stimuli. This research was aimed, therefore, at studying event-related potentials (ERP) during recognition of dynamic facial neutral-to-emotional expressions, more ecologically valid than static faces. We recorded the ERP of 112 participants who watched 144 dynamic morphs depicting a gradual change from a neutral expression to a basic emotional expression (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise) and labelled those emotions verbally. We revealed some typical ERP, like N170, P2, EPN and LPP. Participants with lower accuracy exhibited a larger posterior P2. Participants with faster correct responses exhibited a larger amplitude of P2 and LPP. We also conducted a classification analysis that yielded the accuracy of 76% for prediction of participants who recognise emotions quickly on the basis of the amplitude of posterior P2 and LPP. These results extend data from previous research about the electroencephalographic correlates of facial emotion recognition.
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Chang F, Klumpp H. Sleep quality and emotion recognition in individuals with and without internalizing psychopathologies. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2022; 75:101719. [PMID: 34954429 PMCID: PMC8912122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2021.101719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Separate lines of research indicate sleep quality may impact recognition of facial expressions in anxious or depressed individuals. This study examined facial emotion recognition ability in the context of self-perceived sleep quality and anxiety and depression symptom levels in individuals with and without internalizing psychopathologies. METHODS Seventy anxious and/or depressed patients and 24 demographically matched healthy controls completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), standard measures of anxiety and depression, and an Emotion Recognition Task comprising negative and positive facial expressions. RESULTS Analyses of variance results revealed patients reported worse sleep quality than controls. Linear mixed-effects models indicated that all participants demonstrated better emotion recognition abilities in identifying positive versus negative emotions. For reaction time, but not accuracy, regression results revealed significant individual differences, with worse sleep quality predicting slower reaction times for positive faces, specifically for happiness. LIMITATIONS The use of a subjective measure of sleep quality and a specific behavioral paradigm for emotion recognition may impact the generalizability of the findings. CONCLUSIONS Associations between task performance and emotional valence of facial expression implies that poor sleep quality, beyond internalizing symptom severity, may disrupt emotion processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fini Chang
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Akram U. Perceptual Differences in Emotionally Ambiguous Neutral Faces Among Individuals Displaying Clinically Significant Insomnia Symptoms. Perception 2020; 49:1090-1100. [PMID: 32883166 DOI: 10.1177/0301006620954113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Many psychiatric populations present deficits in the processing of neutral faces. While insomnia is associated with perceptual alterations of facially expressed fear, sadness, and happiness, the perception of neutral faces have not been explored in this population. This study compared normal sleepers and individuals experiencing insomnia symptoms in their expression intensity ratings of neutral faces. A total of 56 normal sleepers scoring <5 on the Insomnia Severity Index and 58 individuals experiencing clinically significant insomnia symptoms scoring ≥15 on the Insomnia Severity Index (19.24 ± 3.53) observed 12 neutral facial photographs from the Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces database. Participants rated the extent to which each face appeared as attractive, sad, happy, trustworthy, approachable, healthy, and sociable. The results revelated a main effect of group, F(1,117) = 4.04, p = .047, and expression, F(7, 819) = 39.08, p = .001, on intensity ratings. While no significant Group × Expression interaction was confirmed, F(7,819)=1.03, p = .41, simple effects analysis determined that those experiencing insomnia symptoms rated neutral faces as significantly more attractive (34.30 ± 14.82; t(117) = -2.73, p = .007; Cohen's d = 0.50) and happy (34.83 ± 13.87; t(117) = -2.23, p = .028; Cohen's d = 0.41) compared with normal sleepers (Attractive: 26.89 ± 14.76; Happy: 28.90 ± 12.48). The present outcomes tentatively suggest that individuals experiencing clinically significant insomnia symptoms differentially perceive neutral faces when compared with normal sleepers. These outcomes present potentially negative psychosocial implications for those with insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umair Akram
- Sheffield Hallam University, UK; 6396University of Oxford, UK
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de Almondes KM, Júnior FWNH, Leonardo MEM, Alves NT. Facial Emotion Recognition and Executive Functions in Insomnia Disorder: An Exploratory Study. Front Psychol 2020; 11:502. [PMID: 32362851 PMCID: PMC7182077 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical and experimental findings suggest that insomnia is associated with changes in emotional processing and impairments in cognitive functioning. In the present study, we investigate the relationship between facial emotion recognition and executive functioning among individuals with insomnia as well as healthy controls. METHOD A total of 11 individuals (mean age 31.3 ± 9.4) diagnosed with insomnia disorder and 15 control participants (mean age 24.8 ± 4.6) took part in the study. Participants responded to a facial emotion recognition task which presented them with static and dynamic stimuli, and were evaluated with regard to cognition, sleep, and mood. RESULTS Compared to controls, we found that participants with insomnia performed worse in the recognition of the facial emotion of fear (p = 0.001; η p 2 = 0.549; β = 0.999) and had lower scores in tests of verbal comprehension and perceptual organization (104.00 vs. 115.00, U = 135.5; p = 0.004; Cohen's, 2013 d = 1.281). We also found a relationship between facial emotion recognition and performance in cognitive tests, such as those related to perceptual organization, cognitive flexibility, and working memory. CONCLUSION Results suggest that participants with insomnia may present some impairment in executive functions as well as in the recognition of facial emotions with negative valences (fear and sadness).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Moraes de Almondes
- Department of Psychology and Postgraduate Program in Psychobiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Emanuela Matos Leonardo
- Department of Psychology and Postgraduate Program in Psychobiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Nelson Torro Alves
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
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Sadeghi Bahmani D, Razazian N, Motl RW, Farnia V, Alikhani M, Pühse U, Gerber M, Brand S. Physical activity interventions can improve emotion regulation and dimensions of empathy in persons with multiple sclerosis: An exploratory study. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019; 37:101380. [PMID: 32173007 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2019.101380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) report difficulties with emotion regulation and empathy. Regular physical activity (RPA) improves dimensions of psychological well-being in PwMS, but it remains unclear if regular physical activity has effects on emotion regulation and empathy. The present study investigated the effect of regular physical activity on emotion regulation and empathy, and explored, if endurance training or coordinative training are better than an active control condition. METHODS 92 female PwMS (mean age: 37.4 years; age range: 20-57 years; mean EDSS: 2.43) took part in this study. Participants were randomly assigned into endurance training, coordinative training, or active control conditions that all lasted 8 weeks and were yoked on frequency, duration, and social contact. Participants completed questionnaires on emotion regulation, empathy, depression and fatigue before and after the 8-week conditions. RESULTS Regulation and control of emotions and empathy improved over time, but more so in the exercising groups, compared to the active control group. No changes over time and between groups were observed for perception and acknowledgement of emotions, emotional expressivity, and empathy, as measured with Reading in the Eyes test. These changes were not influenced by control for depression and fatigue as covariates. CONCLUSIONS Both endurance and coordinative exercise training had favorable effects on some aspects of emotion regulation and social cognition such as empathy in PwMS. Such initial results support for examination of exercise training for the treatment of issues of emotion regulation and social interactions in PwMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dena Sadeghi Bahmani
- University of Basel, Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Center of Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Basel, Switzerland; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Department of Psychiatry, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah, Iran; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Department of Psychiatry, Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nazanin Razazian
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Neurology Department, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Robert W Motl
- Departments of Physical Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Vahid Farnia
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Department of Psychiatry, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mostafa Alikhani
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Department of Psychiatry, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Uwe Pühse
- University of Basel, Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Gerber
- University of Basel, Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Serge Brand
- University of Basel, Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Center of Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Basel, Switzerland; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Department of Psychiatry, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah, Iran; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Department of Psychiatry, Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran; University of Basel, Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Basel, Switzerland; Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tehran, Iran
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