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Kumar M, Atwoli L, Burgess RA, Gaddour N, Huang KY, Kola L, Mendenhall E, Mugo C, Mutamba BB, Nakasujja N, Njuguna I, Obasi A, Petersen I, Shidhaye R. What should equity in global health research look like? Lancet 2022; 400:145-147. [PMID: 35597247 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)00888-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manasi Kumar
- Brain and Mind Institute, Aga Khan University, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.
| | - Lukoye Atwoli
- Brain and Mind Institute, Aga Khan University, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; School of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | | | - Naoufel Gaddour
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Keng Yen Huang
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lola Kola
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Emily Mendenhall
- Edmund A Walsh School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Cyrus Mugo
- Research Department, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | | | - Irene Njuguna
- Research Department, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Angela Obasi
- Department of International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Inge Petersen
- Center for Rural Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Rahul Shidhaye
- Department of Psychiatry, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Loni, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India
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Larson CP, Plamondon KM, Dubent L, Bicaba F, Bicaba A, Minh TH, Nguyen A, Girard JE, Ramdé J, Gyorkos TW. The Equity Tool for Valuing Global Health Partnerships. GLOBAL HEALTH: SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2022; 10:GHSP-D-21-00316. [PMID: 35487557 PMCID: PMC9053142 DOI: 10.9745/ghsp-d-21-00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
There is a need to more comprehensively identify and respond to equity in global health partnerships. The Equity Tool can support dialogue at any stage of a partnership, by individuals at any level. This assists partnerships to embrace ways of recognizing, understanding, and advancing equity in all their processes. Global health partnerships (GHPs) involve complex relationships between individuals and organizations, often joining partners from high-income and low- or middle-income countries around work that is carried out in the latter. Therefore, GHPs are situated in the context of global inequities and their underlying sociopolitical and historical causes, such as colonization. Equity is a core principle that should guide GHPs from start to end. How equity is embedded and nurtured throughout a partnership has remained a constant challenge. We have developed a user-friendly tool for valuing a GHP throughout its lifespan using an equity lens. The development of the EQT was informed by 5 distinct elements: a scoping review of scientific published peer-reviewed literature; an online survey and follow-up telephone interviews; workshops in Canada, Burkina Faso, and Vietnam; a critical interpretive synthesis; and a content validation exercise. Findings suggest GHPs generate experiences of equity or inequity yet provide little guidance on how to identify and respond to these experiences. The EQT can guide people involved in partnering to consider the equity implications of all their actions, from inception, through implementation and completion of a partnership. When used to guide reflective dialogue with a clear intention to advance equity in and through partnering, this tool offers a new approach to valuing global health partnerships. Global health practitioners, among others, can apply the EQT in their partnerships to learning together about how to cultivate equity in their unique contexts within what is becoming an increasingly diverse, vibrant, and responsive global health community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles P Larson
- Canadian Association for Global Health (formerly Canadian Coalition for Global Health Research), Ottawa, Canada.
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, School of Population and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Katrina M Plamondon
- Canadian Association for Global Health (formerly Canadian Coalition for Global Health Research), Ottawa, Canada
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Canada
| | - Leslie Dubent
- Canadian Association for Global Health (formerly Canadian Coalition for Global Health Research), Ottawa, Canada
| | - Frank Bicaba
- Société d'Études et de Recherche en Santé Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Abel Bicaba
- Société d'Études et de Recherche en Santé Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Tran Hung Minh
- Center for Creative Initiatives in Health and Population, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - An Nguyen
- HealthBridge Vietnam, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Jacques E Girard
- Canadian Association for Global Health (formerly Canadian Coalition for Global Health Research), Ottawa, Canada
- Direction en Santé Mondiale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean Ramdé
- Canadian Association for Global Health (formerly Canadian Coalition for Global Health Research), Ottawa, Canada
- HealthBridge Vietnam, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Theresa W Gyorkos
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, School of Population and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
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Ross-Hellauer T, Reichmann S, Cole NL, Fessl A, Klebel T, Pontika N. Dynamics of cumulative advantage and threats to equity in open science: a scoping review. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:211032. [PMID: 35116143 PMCID: PMC8767192 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Open Science holds the promise to make scientific endeavours more inclusive, participatory, understandable, accessible and re-usable for large audiences. However, making processes open will not per se drive wide reuse or participation unless also accompanied by the capacity (in terms of knowledge, skills, financial resources, technological readiness and motivation) to do so. These capacities vary considerably across regions, institutions and demographics. Those advantaged by such factors will remain potentially privileged, putting Open Science's agenda of inclusivity at risk of propagating conditions of 'cumulative advantage'. With this paper, we systematically scope existing research addressing the question: 'What evidence and discourse exists in the literature about the ways in which dynamics and structures of inequality could persist or be exacerbated in the transition to Open Science, across disciplines, regions and demographics?' Aiming to synthesize findings, identify gaps in the literature and inform future research and policy, our results identify threats to equity associated with all aspects of Open Science, including Open Access, Open and FAIR Data, Open Methods, Open Evaluation, Citizen Science, as well as its interfaces with society, industry and policy. Key threats include: stratifications of publishing due to the exclusionary nature of the author-pays model of Open Access; potential widening of the digital divide due to the infrastructure-dependent, highly situated nature of open data practices; risks of diminishing qualitative methodologies as 'reproducibility' becomes synonymous with quality; new risks of bias and exclusion in means of transparent evaluation; and crucial asymmetries in the Open Science relationships with industry and the public, which privileges the former and fails to fully include the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Ross-Hellauer
- Know-Center GmbH, Graz, Austria
- Open and Reproducible Research Group, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Reichmann
- Open and Reproducible Research Group, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Nicki Lisa Cole
- Know-Center GmbH, Graz, Austria
- Open and Reproducible Research Group, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Angela Fessl
- Know-Center GmbH, Graz, Austria
- Open and Reproducible Research Group, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Blicharska M, Teutschbein C, Smithers RJ. SDG partnerships may perpetuate the global North-South divide. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22092. [PMID: 34824306 PMCID: PMC8617181 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01534-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development gives equal emphasis to developed ("Northern") countries and developing ("Southern") countries. Thus, implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) demands coherent collaboration to transform society across all countries. Yet, there has been little research published on SDG partnerships and this is the first study to explore the extent to which partners from Northern and Southern countries are involved in them and their focus. It identifies that involvement is unequally distributed and may perpetuate the North-South divide in countries' resources, including access to data and scientific capacities. Most notably, partners from low-income countries are involved in far fewer partnerships than partners from countries in all other World Bank income categories, although the former are least able to develop sustainably. As such, all those promoting sustainable development from governmental, private and third-sector organisations need to address global inequalities in establishing and implementing SDG partnerships if, collectively, they are to facilitate delivery of Agenda 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Blicharska
- Natural Resources and Sustainable Development, Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Claudia Teutschbein
- Air, Water and Landscape Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Richard J Smithers
- Ricardo Energy & Environment, Gemini Building, Fermi Avenue, Harwell, Didcot, OX11 0QR, UK
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Rajabzadeh V, Burn E, Sajun SZ, Suzuki M, Bird VJ, Priebe S. Understanding global mental health: a conceptual review. BMJ Glob Health 2021; 6:bmjgh-2020-004631. [PMID: 33758013 PMCID: PMC7993328 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mental health disorders are viewed as a global concern requiring globally led approaches to address them. Since the publication of the 2007 Lancet series on global mental health (GMH), the term has become widespread. Over the last two decades, GMH has become increasingly affiliated with policy reform, academic courses, funding bodies and research. However, it is not always obvious how those working in the field of GMH are using the term, resulting in a lack of clarity. Therefore, work is needed to synthesise the current understanding(s) of GMH to help characterise its meaning. Aim To synthesise the literature and identify the different ways GMH is understood. Method A conceptual review, using a systematic search and a content analysis, was conducted to develop a conceptual framework of the different conceptual understandings of GMH. Results We developed a conceptual framework of four understandings of GMH. These understandings of GMH are as follows: an area of research generating findings to establish a GMH evidence-base; implementation of research into practice; improving the mental health environment; learning from and supporting low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs). Conclusion Our review proposes a simple framework, clarifying the key characteristics of the GMH landscape. The findings highlight the diversity of usage of the term in the literature, as well as present the wide scope that comprises the field of GMH. Referring to this framework may help those engaged with GMH to be more specific with which aspect of the field they are concerned with.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vian Rajabzadeh
- Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Erin Burn
- Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sana Z Sajun
- Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Mimi Suzuki
- Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Victoria Jane Bird
- Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Stefan Priebe
- Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Monette EM, McHugh D, Smith MJ, Canas E, Jabo N, Henley P, Nouvet E. Informing 'good' global health research partnerships: A scoping review of guiding principles. Glob Health Action 2021; 14:1892308. [PMID: 33704024 PMCID: PMC7954413 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2021.1892308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Several sets of principles have been proposed to guide global health research partnerships and mitigate inequities inadvertently caused by them. The existence of multiple sets of principles poses a challenge for those seeking to critically engage with and develop their practice. Which of these is best to use, and why? To what extent, if any, is there agreement across proposed principles? Objective: The objectives of this review were to: (1) identify and consolidate existing documents and principles to guide global health research partnerships; (2) identify areas of overlapping consensus, if any, regarding which principles are fundamental in these partnerships; (3) identify any lack of consensus in the literature on core principles to support these partnerships. Methods: A scoping review was conducted to gather documents outlining ‘principles’ of good global health research partnerships. A broad search of academic databases to gather peerreviewed literature was conducted, complemented by a hand-search of key global health funding institutions for grey literature guidelines. Results: Our search yielded nine sets of principles designed to guide and support global health research partnerships. No single principle recurred across all documents reviewed. Most frequently cited were concerns with mutual benefits between partners (n = 6) and equity (n = 4). Despite a lack of consistency in the inclusion and definition of principles, all sources highlighted principles that identified attention to fairness, equity, or justice as an integral part of good global health research partnerships. Conclusions: Lack of consensus regarding how principles are defined suggests a need for further discussion on what global health researchers mean by ‘core’ principles. Research partnerships should seek to interpret the practical meanings and requirements of these principles through international consultation. Finally, a need exists for tools to assist with implementation of these principles to ensure their application in research practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David McHugh
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Maxwell J Smith
- School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Eugenia Canas
- Faculty of Information and Media Studies, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Nicole Jabo
- Center for One Health, University of Global Health Equity, Butaro, Rwanda
| | - Phaedra Henley
- Center for One Health, University of Global Health Equity, Butaro, Rwanda
| | - Elysée Nouvet
- School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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Kumar M. Envisioning a mental health science to empower vulnerable women, children and youth. EBioMedicine 2021; 66:103302. [PMID: 33774329 PMCID: PMC8039544 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Manasi Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Nairobi, 00100 Kenya.
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Impact of pandemic on mental health in lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2020; 7:e35. [PMID: 34191999 PMCID: PMC7750653 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2020.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Su F, Cheng D, Wen S. Multilevel Impacts of Transformational Leadership on Service Quality: Evidence From China. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1252. [PMID: 31205463 PMCID: PMC6553023 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In service contexts, leaders’ efforts to maintain and enhance employees’ service quality are vital to organizational performance. However, few studies have investigated the mechanisms underlying the relationship between transformational leadership (TFL) and employees’ service quality across levels. Based on the theory of planned behavior, this study investigated the multilevel impacts of TFL on employees’ service quality and the multilevel mechanisms mediating this relationship. Data were collected from 208 managers and 1,431 employees at 223 branches (chain restaurants) of a large catering corporation in southern China. The results showed that stronger TFL significantly improved employees’ service quality at both individual and branch level. Affective commitment and psychological empowerment partially mediated the relationship between individual-level TFL and employees’ service quality. Branch-level service climate fully mediated the relationship between branch-level TFL and employees’ service quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangguo Su
- College of Management, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dejun Cheng
- School of Business, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shanshan Wen
- College of Management, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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