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Nakhid D, Patel D, McMorris CA, Gibbard WB, Tortorelli C, Pei J, Lebel C. Limbic brain subregions associated with mental health symptoms in youth with and without prenatal alcohol exposure. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 47:2033-2044. [PMID: 38226747 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) can result in reduced brain volume and an increased risk of mental health challenges. Limbic brain structures such as the hippocampus, thalamus, and amygdala often exhibit smaller volumes in youth with PAE, and similar volume reductions are observed in unexposed youth with symptoms of depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety, and schizophrenia. However, the role of volume reductions in these brain regions in mental health challenges remains unclear for individuals with PAE. METHODS Thirty-four youth with PAE and 72 unexposed youth aged 7-16 years completed a T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scan. FreeSurfer was used to process and extract volumes for hippocampal subfields, thalamic subnuclei, and amygdalar subnuclei. Depression and anxiety symptoms were measured using the Behavioral Assessment System for Children (BASC-2/3-PRS), the Children's Depression Inventory, and the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children. We tested whether limbic subregion volumes differed between youth with and those without PAE and whether volumes were associated with depression and/or anxiety symptoms, controlling for age and gender. RESULTS Multiple hippocampal and thalamic subregions, but not amygdalar subnuclei, were smaller in individuals with PAE. Multiple group-brain interactions were observed for depression symptoms and subregion volumes. Negative associations between anxiety and limbic subregions were observed across groups. CONCLUSIONS These findings show extensive volume reductions in the hippocampus and thalamus in youth with PAE. PAE also appears to disrupt the association between depression symptoms and limbic subregions in youth, which may have implications for interventions in these individuals. Anxiety symptoms in youth with and without PAE are similarly associated with limbic volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne Nakhid
- Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Darpal Patel
- Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carly A McMorris
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Werklund School of Education, School and Applied Child Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - W Ben Gibbard
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christina Tortorelli
- Department of Child Studies and Social Work, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Pei
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Catherine Lebel
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Liu H, Gao W, Cao W, Meng Q, Xu L, Kuang L, Guo Y, Cui D, Qiu J, Jiao Q, Su L, Lu G. Immediate visual reproduction negatively correlates with brain entropy of parahippocampal gyrus and inferior occipital gyrus in bipolar II disorder adolescents. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:515. [PMID: 37464363 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05012-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain entropy reveals complexity and irregularity of brain, and it has been proven to reflect brain complexity alteration in disease states. Previous studies found that bipolar disorder adolescents showed cognitive impairment. The relationship between complexity of brain neural activity and cognition of bipolar II disorder (BD-II) adolescents remains unclear. METHODS Nineteen BD-II patients (14.63 ±1.57 years old) and seventeen age-gender matched healthy controls (HCs) (14.18 ± 1.51 years old) were enlisted. Entropy values of all voxels of the brain in resting-state functional MRI data were calculated and differences of them between BD-II and HC groups were evaluated. After that, correlation analyses were performed between entropy values of brain regions showing significant entropy differences and clinical indices in BD-II adolescents. RESULTS Significant differences were found in scores of immediate visual reproduction subtest (VR-I, p = 0.003) and Stroop color-word test (SCWT-1, p = 0.015; SCWT-2, p = 0.004; SCWT-3, p = 0.003) between the two groups. Compared with HCs, BD-II adolescents showed significant increased brain entropy in right parahippocampal gyrus and right inferior occipital gyrus. Besides, significant negative correlations between brain entropy values of right parahippocampal gyrus, right inferior occipital gyrus and immediate visual reproduction subtest scores were observed in BD-II adolescents. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study suggested that the disrupted function of corticolimbic system is related with cognitive abnormality of BD-II adolescents. And from the perspective temporal dynamics of brain system, the current study, brain entropy may provide available evidences for understanding the underlying neural mechanism in BD-II adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqin Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China
- School of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Weijia Gao
- Department of Child Psychology, The Children' s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weifang Cao
- School of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Qingmin Meng
- Department of interventional radiology, Taian Central Hospital, Tai'an, China
| | - Longchun Xu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China
| | - Liangfeng Kuang
- School of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Yongxin Guo
- School of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Dong Cui
- School of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Jianfeng Qiu
- School of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Qing Jiao
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China.
- School of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China.
| | - Linyan Su
- Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guangming Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Ballerini A, Talami F, Molinari MA, Micalizzi E, Scolastico S, Biagioli N, Orlandi N, Pugnaghi M, Giovannini G, Meletti S, Vaudano AE. Exploring the relationship between amygdala subnuclei volumes and cognitive performance in left-lateralized temporal lobe epilepsy with and without hippocampal sclerosis. Epilepsy Behav 2023; 145:109342. [PMID: 37422935 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2023.109342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive disruption is a debilitating comorbidity in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE). Despite recent advances, the amygdala is often neglected in studies that explore cognition in TLE. Amygdala subnuclei are differently engaged in TLE with hippocampal sclerosis (TLE-HS) compared to non-lesional TLE (TLE-MRIneg), with predominant atrophy in the first and increased volume in the latter. Herein, we aim to explore the relationship between the volumes of the amygdala and its substructures with respect to cognitive performances in a population of left-lateralized TLE with and without HS. Twenty-nine TLEs were recruited (14 TLE-HS; 15 TLE-MRIneg). After investigating the differences in the subcortical amygdalae and hippocampal volumes compared to a matched healthy control population, we explored the associations between the subnuclei of the amygdala and the hippocampal subfields with the cognitive scores in TLE patients, according to their etiology. In TLE-HS, a reduced volume of the basolateral and cortical amygdala complexes joined with whole hippocampal atrophy, was related to poorer scores in verbal memory tasks, while in TLE-MRIneg, poorer performances in attention and processing speed tasks were associated with a generalized amygdala enlargement, particularly of the basolateral and central complexes. The present findings extend our knowledge of amygdala involvement in cognition and suggest structural amygdala abnormalities as useful disease biomarkers in TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Ballerini
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Talami
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Italian National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Neuroscience, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Micalizzi
- PhD Program in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Neurophysiology Unit, Epilepsy Center, IRCCS San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Simona Scolastico
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Neurology Unit, OCB Hospital, AOU Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Niccolò Biagioli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Neurology Unit, OCB Hospital, AOU Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Niccolò Orlandi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Neurology Unit, OCB Hospital, AOU Modena, Modena, Italy
| | | | | | - Stefano Meletti
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Neurology Unit, OCB Hospital, AOU Modena, Modena, Italy.
| | - Anna Elisabetta Vaudano
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Neurology Unit, OCB Hospital, AOU Modena, Modena, Italy.
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Hours C. Pediatric Bipolar Disorder: A Practical Guide for Clinicians. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023:10.1007/s10578-023-01534-9. [PMID: 37097506 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01534-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) is a controversial clinical entity and it still needs to be satisfactorily defined. Having a polymorphous presentation and associated with numerous symptoms of comorbid psychiatric illnesses often diagnosed during childhood and adolescence, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, its symptoms do not completely parallel those of bipolar disorder in adults. The clinician must be able to reach a diagnosis of PBD in the presence of fluctuating and atypical symptoms, especially in children, who tend to experience mixed episodes and very rapid cycles. Historically a key symptom for diagnosing PBD is episodic irritability. Proper diagnosis is critical due to the gravity of its prognosis. Clinicians may find supporting evidence for a diagnosis through careful study of the medical and developmental history of the young patient in addition to psychometric data. Treatment prioritizes psychotherapeutic intervention and assigns important roles to family involvement and a healthy lifestyle.
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5
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Long X, Li L, Wang X, Cao Y, Wu B, Roberts N, Gong Q, Kemp GJ, Jia Z. Gray matter alterations in adolescent major depressive disorder and adolescent bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2023; 325:550-563. [PMID: 36669567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gray matter volume (GMV) alterations in several emotion-related brain areas are implicated in mood disorders, but findings have been inconsistent in adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar disorder (BD). METHODS We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of 35 region-of-interest (ROI) and 18 whole-brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) MRI studies in adolescent MDD and adolescent BD, and indirectly compared the results in the two groups. The effects of age, sex, and other demographic and clinical scale scores were explored using meta-regression analysis. RESULTS In the ROI meta-analysis, right putamen volume was decreased in adolescents with MDD, while bilateral amygdala volume was decreased in adolescents with BD compared to healthy controls (HC). In the whole-brain VBM meta-analysis, GMV was increased in right middle frontal gyrus and decreased in left caudate in adolescents with MDD compared to HC, while in adolescents with BD, GMV was increased in left superior frontal gyrus and decreased in limbic regions compared with HC. MDD vs BD comparison revealed volume alteration in the prefrontal-limbic system. LIMITATION Different clinical features limit the comparability of the samples, and small sample size and insufficient clinical details precluded subgroup analysis or meta-regression analyses of these variables. CONCLUSIONS Distinct patterns of GMV alterations in adolescent MDD and adolescent BD could help to differentiate these two populations and provide potential diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xipeng Long
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 GuoXue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Department of Clinical Psychiatry, the Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yuan Cao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 GuoXue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Baolin Wu
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Neil Roberts
- The Queens Medical Research Institute (QMRI), School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China; Department of Radiology, West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University, 699Jinyuan Xi Road, Jimei District, 361021 Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Graham J Kemp
- Liverpool Magnetic Resonance Imaging Center (LiMRIC) and Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Zhiyun Jia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 GuoXue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
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6
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Luciano M, Di Vincenzo M, Mancuso E, Marafioti N, Di Cerbo A, Giallonardo V, Sampogna G, Fiorillo A. Does the Brain Matter? Cortical Alterations in Pediatric Bipolar Disorder: A Critical Review of Structural and Functional Magnetic Resonance Studies. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1302-1318. [PMID: 36173069 PMCID: PMC10324338 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220927114417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) is associated with significant psychosocial impairment, high use of mental health services and a high number of relapses and hospitalization. Neuroimaging techniques provide the opportunity to study the neurodevelopmental processes underlying PBD, helping to identify the endophenotypic markers of illness and early biological markers of PBD. The aim of the study is to review available studies assessing structural and functional brain correlates associated with PBD. PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge and PsychINFO databases have been searched. Studies were included if they enrolled patients aged 0-18 years with a main diagnosis of PBD according to ICD or DSM made by a mental health professional, adopted structural and/or functional magnetic resonance as the main neuroimaging method, were written in English and included a comparison with healthy subjects. Of the 400 identified articles, 46 papers were included. Patients with PBD present functional and anatomic alterations in structures normally affecting regulations and cognition. Structural neuroimaging revealed a significant reduction in gray matter, with cortical thinning in bilateral frontal, parietal and occipital cortices. Functional neuroimaging studies reported a reduced engagement of the frontolimbic and hyperactivation of the frontostriatal circuitry. Available studies on brain connectivity in PBD patients potentially indicate less efficient connections between regions involved in cognitive and emotional functions. A greater functional definition of alteration in brain functioning of PBD patients will be useful to set up a developmentally sensitive targeted pharmacological and nonpharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Luciano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Matteo Di Vincenzo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Emiliana Mancuso
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Niccolò Marafioti
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Arcangelo Di Cerbo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Gaia Sampogna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Fiorillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
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7
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Ballerini A, Tondelli M, Talami F, Molinari MA, Micalizzi E, Giovannini G, Turchi G, Malagoli M, Genovese M, Meletti S, Vaudano AE. Amygdala subnuclear volumes in temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis and in non-lesional patients. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac225. [PMID: 36213310 PMCID: PMC9536297 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Together with hippocampus, the amygdala is important in the epileptogenic network of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Recently, an increase in amygdala volumes (i.e. amygdala enlargement) has been proposed as morphological biomarker of a subtype of temporal lobe epilepsy patients without MRI abnormalities, although other data suggest that this finding might be unspecific and not exclusive to temporal lobe epilepsy. In these studies, the amygdala is treated as a single entity, while instead it is composed of different nuclei, each with peculiar function and connection. By adopting a recently developed methodology of amygdala's subnuclei parcellation based of high-resolution T1-weighted image, this study aims to map specific amygdalar subnuclei participation in temporal lobe epilepsy due to hippocampal sclerosis (n = 24) and non-lesional temporal lobe epilepsy (n = 24) with respect to patients with focal extratemporal lobe epilepsies (n = 20) and healthy controls (n = 30). The volumes of amygdala subnuclei were compared between groups adopting multivariate analyses of covariance and correlated with clinical variables. Additionally, a logistic regression analysis on the nuclei resulting statistically different across groups was performed. Compared with other populations, temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis showed a significant atrophy of the whole amygdala (p Bonferroni = 0.040), particularly the basolateral complex (p Bonferroni = 0.033), while the non-lesional temporal lobe epilepsy group demonstrated an isolated hypertrophy of the medial nucleus (p Bonferroni = 0.012). In both scenarios, the involved amygdala was ipsilateral to the epileptic focus. The medial nucleus demonstrated a volume increase even in extratemporal lobe epilepsies although contralateral to the seizure onset hemisphere (p Bonferroni = 0.037). Non-lesional patients with psychiatric comorbidities showed a larger ipsilateral lateral nucleus compared with those without psychiatric disorders. This exploratory study corroborates the involvement of the amygdala in temporal lobe epilepsy, particularly in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and suggests a different amygdala subnuclei engagement depending on the aetiology and lateralization of epilepsy. Furthermore, the logistic regression analysis indicated that the basolateral complex and the medial nucleus of amygdala can be helpful to differentiate temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis and with MRI negative, respectively, versus controls with a consequent potential clinical yield. Finally, the present results contribute to the literature about the amygdala enlargement in temporal lobe epilepsy, suggesting that the increased volume of amygdala can be regarded as epilepsy-related structural changes common across different syndromes whose meaning should be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Ballerini
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41125, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Talami
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41125, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Micalizzi
- PhD Program in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41121, Italy
| | - Giada Giovannini
- Neurology Unit, OCB Hospital, AOU Modena, Modena 41126, Italy
- PhD Program in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41121, Italy
| | - Giulia Turchi
- Neurology Unit, OCB Hospital, AOU Modena, Modena 41126, Italy
| | | | | | - Stefano Meletti
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41125, Italy
- Neurology Unit, OCB Hospital, AOU Modena, Modena 41126, Italy
| | - Anna Elisabetta Vaudano
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41125, Italy
- Neurology Unit, OCB Hospital, AOU Modena, Modena 41126, Italy
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8
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Simonetti A, Saxena K, Koukopoulos AE, Janiri D, Lijffijt M, Swann AC, Kotzalidis GD, Sani G. Amygdala structure and function in paediatric bipolar disorder and high-risk youth: A systematic review of magnetic resonance imaging findings. World J Biol Psychiatry 2022; 23:103-126. [PMID: 34165050 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2021.1935317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Converging evidence from structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies points to amygdala alteration as crucial in the development of paediatric bipolar disorder (pBP). The high number of recent studies prompted us to comprehensively evaluate findings. We aimed to systematically review structural and functional MRI studies investigating the amygdala in patients with pBP and in youth at high-risk (HR) for developing pBP. METHODS We searched PubMed from any time to 25 September 2020 using: 'amygdala AND (MRI OR magnetic resonance imaging) AND bipolar AND (pediatr* OR child OR children OR childhood OR adolescent OR adolescents OR adolescence OR young OR familial OR at-risk OR sibling* OR offspring OR high risk)'. In this review, we adhered to the PRISMA statement. RESULTS Amygdala hyperactivity to emotional stimuli is the most commonly reported finding in youth with pBP and HR compared to healthy peers (HC), whereas findings from structural MRI studies are inconsistent. CONCLUSIONS Hyperactivation of the amygdala might be an endophenotype of pBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Simonetti
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Centro Lucio Bini, Rome, Italy
| | - Kirti Saxena
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexia E Koukopoulos
- Centro Lucio Bini, Rome, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza School of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Delfina Janiri
- Centro Lucio Bini, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marijn Lijffijt
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alan C Swann
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Georgios D Kotzalidis
- Centro Lucio Bini, Rome, Italy.,NESMOS Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
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9
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Liao W, Cui D, Jin J, Liu W, Wang X, Wang H, Li Y, Liu Z, Yin T. Correlation Between Amygdala Nuclei Volumes and Memory in Cognitively Normal Adults Carrying the ApoE ε3/ε3 Allele. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:747288. [PMID: 34970135 PMCID: PMC8713572 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.747288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The amygdala is known to be related to cognitive function. In this study, we used an automated approach to segment the amygdala into nine nuclei and evaluated amygdala and nuclei volumetric changes across the adult lifespan in subjects carrying the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε3/ε3 allele, and we related those changes to memory function alteration. We found that except the left medial nucleus (Me), whose volume decreased in the old group compared with the middle-early group, all other nuclei volumes presented a significant decline in the old group compared with the young group. Left accessory basal nucleus (AB) and left cortico-amygdaloid transition area (CAT) volumes were also diminished in the middle-late group. In addition, immediate memory recall is impaired by the process of aging, whereas delayed recall and delayed recognition memory functions were not significantly changed. We found significant positive correlations between immediate recall scores and volumes of the bilateral basal nucleus (Ba), AB, anterior amygdaloid area (AAA), CAT, whole amygdala, left lateral nucleus (La), left paralaminar nucleus (PL), and right cortical nucleus (Co). The results suggest that immediate recall memory decline might be associated with volumetric reduction of the amygdala and its nuclei, and the left AB and left CAT might be considered as potential imaging biomarkers of memory decline in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong Cui
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingna Jin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- Sinovation (Beijing) Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - He Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Yin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.,Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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