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Vendl A, Alvarado-Alvarez C, Euwema M. Humor in professional coaching: a literature review and research agenda. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1288104. [PMID: 39027054 PMCID: PMC11255851 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1288104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Extensive research has explored the incorporation of humor in therapy, revealing its potential positive effects on clients' mental well-being and personal growth. However, limited research exists on how coaching could benefit from humor as an intervention and how its utilization impacts the interaction processes and outcomes for both the coachee and coach. Therefore, our research focuses on the use and effects of spontaneous humor within professional dialogues. This paper aims to extract insights from academic literature on humor in adjacent fields and apply these insights to the context of coaching. Methods This paper offers implications for coaching theory and practice, alongside a proposed research agenda. The initial phase involves analyzing reviews on humor in professional contexts, and coaching. Secondly, following the PRISMA guidelines for review, we identified 13 empirical studies, which address the role of humor in counseling, psychotherapy, and mentoring. Results and discussion Our findings suggest that humor serves as a valuable tool for establishing and deepening the working alliance, fostering adaptive coping mechanisms in clients, and enhancing the cognitive and behavioral process. Moreover, humor is shown to be advantageous for professionals in navigating challenging client relationships. These findings hold significance for the realm of coaching practice as well. In light of these insights, we propose the integration of humor use in education toolkits for coaching professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adélka Vendl
- Department of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cristina Alvarado-Alvarez
- Department of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martin Euwema
- Department of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Toh SHY, Lee SC, Sündermann O. Mobile Behavioral Health Coaching as a Preventive Intervention for Occupational Public Health: Retrospective Longitudinal Study. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e45678. [PMID: 37862086 PMCID: PMC10625093 DOI: 10.2196/45678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Researchers have recently proposed that behavioral health coaching (BHC) is effective in promoting proactive care among employees. However, to qualify as a preventive workplace intervention, more research is needed to evaluate whether BHC can further elevate well-being among moderately mentally healthy employees. OBJECTIVE Using real-world data, this study evaluates the preliminary effectiveness of app-based BHC against a nonrandomized control group with open access to self-help tools in improving well-being (ie, mood levels and perceived stress). The study also explores the active ingredients of BHC and dose-response associations between the number of BHC sessions and well-being improvements. METHODS Employees residing across Asia-Pacific countries (N=1025; mean age 30.85, SD 6.97 y) who reported moderately positive mood and medium levels of perceived stress in their first week of using the mental health app Intellect were included in this study. Users who were given access by their organizations to Intellect's BHC services were assigned to the "Coaching" condition (512/1025, 49.95%; mean age 31.09, SD 6.87 y), whereas other employees remained as "Control" participants (513/1025, 50.05%; mean age 30.61, SD 7.06 y). To evaluate effectiveness, monthly scores from the validated mood and stress sliders were aggregated into a composite well-being score and further examined using repeated-measure conditional growth models. Postcoaching items on "Perceived Usefulness of the BHC session" and "Working Alliance with my Coach" were examined as active ingredients of BHC using 1-1-1 multilevel mediation models. Finally, 2-way repeated-measure mixed ANOVA models were conducted to examine dose-response effects on well-being improvements between groups (coaching and control) across time. RESULTS Growth curve analyses revealed significant time by group interaction effects for composite well-being, where "Coaching" users reported significantly greater improvements in well-being than "Control" participants across time (composite well-being: F1,391=6.12; ηp2=0.02; P=.01). Among "Coaching" participants, dependent-sample 2-tailed t tests revealed significant improvements in composite well-being from baseline to 11 months (t512=1.98; Cohen d=0.17; P=.049). Improvements in "Usefulness of the BHC session" (β=.078, 95% Cl .043-.118; P<.001) and "Working Alliance" (β=.070, 95% Cl .037-.107; P<.001) fully mediated within-level well-being enhancements over time. Comparing against baseline or first month scores, significant time by group interactions were observed between the second and sixth months, with the largest effect size observed at the fifth month mark (first month vs fifth month: F1,282=15.0; P<.001; ηp2=0.051). CONCLUSIONS We found preliminary evidence that BHC is an effective preventive workplace intervention. Mobile-based coaching may be a convenient, cost-effective, and scalable means for organizations and governments to boost public mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sze Chi Lee
- Intellect Private Limited Company, Singapore, Singapore
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Valesi R, Gabrielli G, Zito M, Bellati M, Bilucaglia M, Caponetto A, Fici A, Galanto A, Falcone MG, Russo V. From Coaching to Neurocoaching: A Neuroscientific Approach during a Coaching Session to Assess the Relational Dynamics between Coach and Coachee-A Pilot Study. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:596. [PMID: 37504044 PMCID: PMC10376351 DOI: 10.3390/bs13070596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Life transitions represent moments characterized by changes that can profoundly influence individual life trajectories and subjective well-being. Recently, career coaching has become an important method of helping people expand their self-awareness, facilitate personal development, and increase their performance in the school-to-work transition. Although previous studies have confirmed that one of the most important keys to the success of a coaching program is the quality of the relationship between coach and coachee, there is a lack of knowledge regarding how to objectively measure it. In this pilot study, we adopted a neuroscientific approach to introduce objective measures of the relationship between coach and coachee through the phases of a coaching session. A sample of 14 university students and a professional coach participated in career-coaching sessions while their affective states were measured by recording brain (EEG) and physiological (Skin conductance) activity. Electroencephalographic indicators of valence, arousal, and engagement showed differences between session phases, highlighting the possibility of a neurophysiological measurement of relational dynamics. Our results provide initial evidence that neurophysiological activity can be considered a way to understand differences in the coach-coachee relationship, thereby providing information on the effectiveness of coaching interventions and facilitating a better life transition from school to work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Valesi
- Department of Management, University of Bergamo, 24129 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gabrielli
- Department of Business, Law, Economics and Consumer Behaviour "Carlo A. Ricciardi", Università IULM, 20143 Milan, Italy
- Behavior and Brain Lab IULM-Neuromarketing Research Center, Università IULM, 20143 Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Zito
- Department of Business, Law, Economics and Consumer Behaviour "Carlo A. Ricciardi", Università IULM, 20143 Milan, Italy
- Behavior and Brain Lab IULM-Neuromarketing Research Center, Università IULM, 20143 Milan, Italy
| | - Mara Bellati
- Behavior and Brain Lab IULM-Neuromarketing Research Center, Università IULM, 20143 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Bilucaglia
- Department of Business, Law, Economics and Consumer Behaviour "Carlo A. Ricciardi", Università IULM, 20143 Milan, Italy
- Behavior and Brain Lab IULM-Neuromarketing Research Center, Università IULM, 20143 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Caponetto
- Behavior and Brain Lab IULM-Neuromarketing Research Center, Università IULM, 20143 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fici
- Department of Business, Law, Economics and Consumer Behaviour "Carlo A. Ricciardi", Università IULM, 20143 Milan, Italy
- Behavior and Brain Lab IULM-Neuromarketing Research Center, Università IULM, 20143 Milan, Italy
| | - Annarita Galanto
- Skillmatch-Insubria Group, Università Carlo Cattaneo-LIUC, 21053 Castellanza, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Russo
- Department of Business, Law, Economics and Consumer Behaviour "Carlo A. Ricciardi", Università IULM, 20143 Milan, Italy
- Behavior and Brain Lab IULM-Neuromarketing Research Center, Università IULM, 20143 Milan, Italy
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van Zyl LE, Gaffaney J, van der Vaart L, Dik BJ, Donaldson SI. The critiques and criticisms of positive psychology: A systematic review. THE JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2023.2178956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Llewellyn E. van Zyl
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences, University of Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Optentia Research Unit, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
- Department of Human Resource Management, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
- Department of Social Psychology, Institut für Psychologie, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jaclyn Gaffaney
- Division of Behavioral and Organizational Sciences, Claremont Graduate University, CA, USA
| | | | - Bryan J. Dik
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Stewart I Donaldson
- Division of Behavioral and Organizational Sciences, Claremont Graduate University, CA, USA
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5
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Telephone Health and Wellness Coaching for Weight Loss in the Occupational Health Setting: A Mixed Methods Single-Case Study. J Nurse Pract 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nurpra.2022.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Duan W, Klibert J, Schotanus-Dijkstra M, Llorens S, van den Heuvel M, Mayer CH, Tomasulo D, Liao Y, van Zyl LE. Editorial: Positive psychological interventions: How, when and why they work: Beyond WEIRD contexts. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1021539. [PMID: 36262443 PMCID: PMC9575688 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1021539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Duan
- School of Social and Public Administration, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jeff Klibert
- Department of Psychology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, United States
| | - Marijke Schotanus-Dijkstra
- Department of Positive Psychology and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Marijke Schotanus-Dijkstra
| | - Susana Llorens
- WANT Research Team, Department of Developmental Psychology, Education, Social Psychology and Methodology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Machteld van den Heuvel
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences Programme, Work and Organizational Psychology Group, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Claude-Helene Mayer
- Department of Industrial Psychology and People Management, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Dan Tomasulo
- Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yujing Liao
- School of Social and Public Administration, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Llewellyn Ellardus van Zyl
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences, University of Eindhoven, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Optentia Research Unit, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
- Department of Human Resource Management, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
- Department of Social Psychology, Institut für Psychologie, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Llewellyn Ellardus van Zyl
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Costantini A, De Beer LT, Klooster PMT, Zondervan-Zwijnenburg MAJ, Vera M, van Zyl LE. Editorial: Positive Psychological Assessments: Modern Approaches, Methodologies, Models and Guidelines: Current perspectives. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1020653. [PMID: 36225702 PMCID: PMC9549936 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1020653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Costantini
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Leon T. De Beer
- WorkWell Research Unit, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Peter M. ten Klooster
- Department of Psychology, Health and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | | | - Maria Vera
- Social Psychology Department, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Llewellyn Ellardus van Zyl
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences, University of Eindhoven, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Optentia Research Unit, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
- Department of Human Resource Management, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
- Department of Social Psychology, Institut für Psychologie, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- *Correspondence: Llewellyn Ellardus van Zyl
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8
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van Zyl LE, van Vuuren HA, Roll LC, Stander MW. Person-environment fit and task performance: exploring the role(s) of grit as a personal resource. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03461-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The Job Demands-Resources Framework (JDR) has established job- and personal resources as essential elements motivating people to perform. Whilst the purpose of job resources in this motivational process is well established, the role of personal resources is still quite ambiguous. Within the JDR framework, personal resources could (a) directly affect performance, (b) indirectly affect the relationship between a job resource and a performance outcome and (c) moderate the job resource-performance relationship. Grit has recently emerged as a promising personal resource as it could potentially act as a direct antecedent-, mediator and moderator within the motivational process of the JDR. To further the debate on the role of personal resources, this paper explores the function of grit (as a personal resource) within the person-environment fit (job resource) and task performance relationship. Specifically, the aim is to determine if grit directly or indirectly affects the relationship between person-environment fit and task performance. Finally, it aims to investigate whether grit moderates this relationship. Data were collected from 310 working adults through electronic surveys, and the relationships were explored through structural equation modelling. When controlling for age and gender, the results showed a positive association between person-environment fit, grit and task performance. Further, grit was also found to indirectly affect the relationship between the person-environment fit and task performance. However, no moderating effect could be established. This signifies the importance of grit as a psychological process, rather than a buffering element that may explain how person-environment fit affects performance outcomes.
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van Zyl LE, Salanova M. Editorial: Facilitating the Third Wave of Positive Psychology: Perspectives on the Future of the Discipline. Front Psychol 2022; 13:963167. [PMID: 35846693 PMCID: PMC9285396 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.963167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Llewellyn E. van Zyl
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences, University of Eindhoven, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Optentia Research Unit, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
- Department of Human Resource Management, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
- Department of Social Psychology, Institut für Psychologie, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- *Correspondence: Llewellyn E. van Zyl
| | - Marisa Salanova
- WANT Research Team, Department of Developmental Psychology, Education, Social Psychology and Methodology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
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10
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van Zyl LE, Rothmann S. Grand Challenges for Positive Psychology: Future Perspectives and Opportunities. Front Psychol 2022; 13:833057. [PMID: 35712184 PMCID: PMC9196264 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.833057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Llewellyn E van Zyl
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences, University of Eindhoven, Eindhoven, Netherlands.,Optentia Research Unit, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa.,Department of Human Resource Management, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands.,Department of Social Psychology, Institut für Psychologie, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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11
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Chen S, van der Meij L, van Zyl LE, Demerouti E. The Life Crafting Scale: Development and Validation of a Multi-Dimensional Meaning-Making Measure. Front Psychol 2022; 13:795686. [PMID: 35330727 PMCID: PMC8940191 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.795686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Finding meaning in our lives is a central tenet to the human experience and a core contributor to mental health. Individuals tend to actively seek the sources of meaning in their lives or consciously enact efforts to create or "craft" meaning in different life domains. These overall "Life Crafting" behaviors refer to the conscious efforts individuals exert to create meaning in their lives through (a) cognitively (re-)framing how they view life, (b) seeking social support systems to manage life challenges, and (c) actively seeking challenges to facilitate personal growth. Specifically, these behaviors are actioned to better align life goals, personal needs, values, and capabilities. However, no psychological assessment instrument currently exists to measure overall life crafting. As such, the purpose of this paper was twofold: to conceptualize life crafting and to develop, validate and evaluate a robust measure of overall life crafting. A mixed-method, multi-study research design was employed. First, nine participants were interviewed to determine the methods or techniques used to craft meaningful life experiences. These methods/techniques were used as indicators to create an initial item pool which was then reviewed by a panel of experts to ensure face validity. Second, in Study 1, the factorial structure of the instrument was explored by gathering data from a convenience sample (N = 331), with the results showing support for a three-factor structure of life crafting, consisting of (a) cognitive crafting, (b) seeking social support, and (c) seeking challenges. Finally, in Study 2 (N = 362), the aim was to confirm the factorial structure of the Life Crafting scale and to determine its level of internal consistency, partial measurement invariance across genders, and criterion validity [meaning in life (β = 0.91), mental health (β = 0.91), work engagement (β = 0.54), and job burnout (β = -0.42)]. The results supported a second-order factorial model of Life Crafting, which comprised of three first-order factors (cognitive crafting, seeking social support, and seeking challenges). Therefore, the Life Crafting Scale can be used as a valid and reliable instrument to measure- and track the effectiveness of life crafting interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Chen
- Human Performance Management Group, Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences, University of Eindhoven, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Leander van der Meij
- Human Performance Management Group, Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences, University of Eindhoven, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Llewellyn E. van Zyl
- Human Performance Management Group, Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences, University of Eindhoven, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Optentia Research Focus Area, North-West University (VTC), Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
- Department of Human Resource Management, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
- Department of Social Psychology, Institut für Psychologie, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Evangelia Demerouti
- Human Performance Management Group, Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences, University of Eindhoven, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Department of Industrial Psychology and People Management, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Donaldson SI, van Zyl LE, Donaldson SI. PERMA+4: A Framework for Work-Related Wellbeing, Performance and Positive Organizational Psychology 2.0. Front Psychol 2022; 12:817244. [PMID: 35140667 PMCID: PMC8819083 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.817244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of empirical evidence suggests that positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishments (PERMA) may be a robust framework for the measurement, management and development of wellbeing. While the original PERMA framework made great headway in the past decade, its empirical and theoretical limitations were recently identified and critiqued. In response, Seligman clarified the value of PERMA as a framework for and not a theory of wellbeing and called for further research to expand the construct. To expand the framework into organizational contexts, recent meta-analyses and systematic literature reviews showed that physical health, mindset, physical work environments and economic security could be seen as essential contextually relevant building blocks for work-related wellbeing and are therefore prime candidates to expand the PERMA framework for use within organizational contexts. Through expanding the original PERMA framework with these four factors, a new holistic approach to work-related wellbeing and work performance was born: the PERMA+4. As such, the purpose of this brief perspective paper is to provide a conceptual overview of PERMA+4 as holistic framework for work-related wellbeing and work performance which extends beyond the predominant componential thinking of the discipline. Specifically, we aim to do so by providing: (1) a brief historical overview of the development of PERMA as a theory for wellbeing, (2) a conceptual overview of PERMA+4 as a holistic framework for work-related wellbeing and work performance, (3) empirical evidence supporting the usefulness of PERMA+4, and (4) charting a course for the second wave of positive organizational psychological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart I. Donaldson
- Division of Behavioral and Organizational Sciences, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, United States
| | - Llewellyn Ellardus van Zyl
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences, University of Eindhoven, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Optentia Research Unit, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
- Department of Human Resource Management, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
- Department of Social Psychology, Institut für Psychologie, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Scott I. Donaldson
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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van Zyl LE, ten Klooster PM. Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling: Practical Guidelines and Tutorial With a Convenient Online Tool for Mplus. Front Psychiatry 2022; 12:795672. [PMID: 35069293 PMCID: PMC8779472 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.795672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Critics of positive psychology have questioned the validity of positive psychological assessment measures (PPAMs), which negatively affects the credibility and public perception of the discipline. Psychometric evaluations of PPAMs have shown that various instruments produce inconsistent factor structures between groups/contexts/times frames, that their predictive validity is questionable, and that popular PPAMs are culturally biased. Further, it would seem positive psychological researchers prioritize date-model-fit over measurement quality. To address these analytical challenges, more innovative and robust approaches toward the validation and evaluation of PPAMs are required to enhance the discipline's credibility and to advance positive psychological science. Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) has recently emerged as a promising alternative to overcome some of these challenges by incorporating the best elements from exploratory- and confirmatory factor analyses. ESEM is still a relatively novel approach, and estimating these models in statistical software packages can be complex and tedious. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to provide novice researchers with a practical tutorial on how to estimate ESEM with a convenient online tool for Mplus. Specifically, we aim to demonstrate the use of ESEM through an illustrative example by using a popular positive psychological instrument: the Mental Health Continuum-SF. By using the MHC-SF as an example, we aim to provide (a) a brief overview of ESEM (and different ESEM models/approaches), (b) guidelines for novice researchers on how to estimate, compare, report, and interpret ESEM, and (c) a step-by-step tutorial on how to run ESEM analyses in Mplus with the De Beer and Van Zy ESEM syntax generator. The results of this study highlight the value of ESEM, over and above that of traditional confirmatory factor analytical approaches. The results also have practical implications for measuring mental health with the MHC-SF, illustrating that a bifactor ESEM Model fits the data significantly better than any other theoretical model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Llewellyn E. van Zyl
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Eindhoven, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Optentia Research Focus Area, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
- Department of Human Resource Management, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
- Institut für Psychologie, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Youssef-Morgan CM, van Zyl LE, Ahrens BL. The Work Gratitude Scale: Development and Evaluation of a Multidimensional Measure. Front Psychol 2022; 12:795328. [PMID: 35069383 PMCID: PMC8766303 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.795328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explores gratitude as a multidimensional and work-specific construct. Utilizing a sample of 625 employees from a variety of positions in a medium-sized school district in the United States, we developed and evaluated a new measure, namely the Work Gratitude Scale (WGS), which encompasses recognized conative (intentional), cognitive, affective, and social aspects of gratitude. A systematic, six-phased approach through structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to explore and confirm the factorial structure, internal consistency, measurement invariance, concurrent, convergent, and discriminant validity of the WGS. The results supported a 10-item measure with three dimensions: "grateful appraisals" (three items), "gratitude toward others" (four items), and "intentional attitude of gratitude" (three items). Thereafter, first-order, second-order, and bifactor confirmatory models were estimated and compared. Work gratitude was found to be best described by a second-order construct with three underlying first-order dimensions. Measurement invariance was supported in relation to gender. Concurrent validity was supported in relation to two existing dispositional gratitude scales, namely the Gratitude Questionnaire and the Gratitude, Resentment, and Appreciation Scale (GRAT). Convergent validity was supported in relation to the Core Self-Evaluations Scale (CSES) and the Psychological Capital Questionnaire. Discriminant validity was supported in relation to various demographic factors such as age, gender, occupation, and tenure. The findings support the WGS as a multidimensional measure that can be used in practice to measure overall work-related gratitude and to track the effectiveness of gratitude-related workplace interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Llewellyn E. van Zyl
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences, University of Eindhoven, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Optentia Research Unit, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
- Department of Human Resource Management, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
- Department of Social Psychology, Institut für Psychologie, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Costeira C, Dixe MA, Querido A, Vitorino J, Laranjeira C. Coaching as a Model for Facilitating the Performance, Learning, and Development of Palliative Care Nurses. SAGE Open Nurs 2022; 8:23779608221113864. [PMID: 35860191 PMCID: PMC9289909 DOI: 10.1177/23779608221113864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Palliative care nurses experience huge pressures, which only increased with coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19). A reflection on the new demands for nursing care should include
an evaluation of which evidence-based practices should be implemented in clinical
settings. This paper discusses the impacts and challenges of incorporating coaching
strategies into palliative care nursing. Evidence suggests that coaching strategies can
foster emotional self-management and self-adjustment to daily life among nurses. The
current challenge is incorporating this expanded knowledge into nurses’ coping strategies.
Coaching strategies can contribute to nurses’ well-being, empower them, and consequently
bring clinical benefits to patients, through humanized care focused on the particularities
of end-of-life patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Costeira
- School of Health Sciences of Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
- Centre for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), Leiria, Portugal
- The Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria A. Dixe
- School of Health Sciences of Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
- Centre for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), Leiria, Portugal
| | - Ana Querido
- School of Health Sciences of Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
- Centre for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), Leiria, Portugal
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), NursID, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joel Vitorino
- Palliative Care Service of Portuguese Oncology Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos Laranjeira
- School of Health Sciences of Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
- Centre for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), Leiria, Portugal
- Research in Education and Community Intervention (RECI I&D), Piaget Institute, Viseu, Portugal
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Worthington EL, van Zyl LE. The Future of Evidence-Based Temperance Interventions. Front Psychol 2021; 12:707598. [PMID: 34484063 PMCID: PMC8414636 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.707598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Positive psychology has accumulated a large and ever-growing body of scientific knowledge about human strengths and virtues. However, research on positive psychology interventions (PPIs) to develop such is still in its infancy. In this brief position paper, we summarize the status of PPIs in one of the positive psychology's most important virtues: temperance. Temperance refers to the capacity to manage habits and protect against excess and is composed of forgiveness, humility, and (we include) patience. Specifically, we examine the current state-of-the-science in the conceptualization of temperance, explore the efficacy of temperance interventions, and reflect upon what the future may hold in this research domain. In this paper, we first highlight the challenges and opportunities for expanding the theoretical conceptualization of temperance and reflect upon the challenges in temperance-related PPIs. For each aspect of temperance, we propose a specific research agenda. Second, we explore what is needed for PPIs to promote temperance and how growth in temperance intervention research can be fostered. Generally, while forgiveness interventions are well established, we recommended that both humility and patience interventions need more viable evidence-based research on existing and new interventions. Third, we advanced several recommendations regarding how to promote more research in new interventions. These recommendations included attracting more funders to the area, developing new interventions, and employing new technology. Because intervention research in temperance is in its infancy, the future looks rosy for PPI researchers as we move into a second generation of positive psychology research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Llewellyn E. van Zyl
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences, University of Eindhoven, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Optentia Research Focus Area, North-West University (VTC), Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
- Department of Human Resource Management, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
- Department of Social Psychology, Institut für Psychologie, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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