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Haeyen S, Heres H, Pol S. Making meaning of one's own life story in words and images: A narrative case report of personal recovery from personality disorder through the interventions "An Empowering Story" and art therapy. J Clin Psychol 2024; 80:1736-1753. [PMID: 38581693 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Understanding and processing life experiences are essential in the treatment of personality disorders to promote personal recovery and psychological wellbeing. In this qualitative case report, drafted in co-creation between the client, clinical psychologist, and art therapist, individual treatment consisted of two psychotherapeutic interventions, "An Empowering Story" and life-story-focused art therapy, in 12 parallel sessions for 24 weeks. Hilda, 68 years of age, had been diagnosed with an unspecified personality disorder and various traits of borderline personality disorder. She experienced emotional exhaustion following long-term mental health problems rooted in a traumatic early childhood. This affected her ability to manage her emotions and social relations, resulting in the sense that her life had no meaning. Hilda was invited to reconstruct her life experiences, divided into the past, turning point, and present/future, in a written and a painted life story. This allowed for the integration of traumatic as well as positive memories, enhanced self-compassion, and meaning making. She developed self-reflection and integration of internal conflicts leading to a better emotional balance and self-understanding. Art therapy emphasizes bottom-up regulatory processes, while narrative psychology supports top-down regulatory processes. The combined approach effectively integrated bottom-up, experiential, sensory experiences with top-down, cognitive emotion-regulation processes. The results suggest that psychotherapeutic interventions involving a multi-pronged, complementary, and thus more holistic approach can support personal recovery in personality disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Haeyen
- GGNet, Centre for Mental Health, Scelta, Centre of Expertise for Personality Disorders Apeldoorn, GC Warnsveld, The Netherlands
- Research Group for Arts & Psychomotor Therapies in Personality Disorders, Academy of Health & Vitality, HAN University of Applied Sciences, GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- KenVaK, Research Centre for Arts Therapies, AN Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Hilda Heres
- GGNet, Centre for Mental Health, Scelta, Centre of Expertise for Personality Disorders Apeldoorn, GC Warnsveld, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Pol
- GGNet, Centre for Mental Health, Scelta, Centre of Expertise for Personality Disorders Apeldoorn, GC Warnsveld, The Netherlands
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Parpart H, Blass J, Meindl T, Blautzik J, Michl P, Beblo T, Engel R, Reiser M, Falkai P, Moeller HJ, Driessen M, Hennig-Fast K. Two Sides of the Same Coin in Female Borderline Personality Disorder: Self-Reported Guilt and Shame and Their Neurofunctional Correlates. Brain Sci 2024; 14:549. [PMID: 38928549 PMCID: PMC11201834 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14060549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) report to be especially prone to social emotions like shame and guilt. At the same time, these emotions seem to play an important role in BPD pathology. The present study aimed to deepen the knowledge about the processes behind shame and guilt in patients with BPD. METHODS Twenty patients with BPD and twenty healthy controls (HCs) took part in an experiment that induced shame and guilt by imagining scenarios during scanning using functional brain imaging. Participants also filled out self-report questionnaires and took part in diagnostic interviews. RESULTS BPD patients reported more proneness to guilt but not to shame than the HCs. There was no difference in the self-reported intensity rating of experimentally induced emotions between the groups. Between-group contrast of neural signals in the shame condition revealed a stronger activation of cingulate and fusiform gyrus for the BPD patients compared to the controls, and a more pronounced activation in the lingual gyrus and cuneus for the HCs. In the guilt condition, activation in the caudate nucleus, the fusiform gyrus, and the posterior cingulate cortex was stronger in BPD patients, while HC showed stronger activations in cuneus, lingual gyrus, and fronto-temporal regions. CONCLUSIONS Differences in the neuro-functional processes between BPD patients and HC were found, even though the two groups did not differ in their self-report of subjective proneness to guilt and emotional intensity of shame and guilt during the experiment. While the HCs may be engaged more by the emotional scenarios themselves, the BPD patients may be more occupied with cognitive regulatory and self-referential processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hella Parpart
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU Hospital, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Jakob Blass
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum OWL, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Thomas Meindl
- Institute of Clinical Radiology, LMU Hospital, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Janusch Blautzik
- Institute of Clinical Radiology, LMU Hospital, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Petra Michl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU Hospital, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Beblo
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum OWL, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Rolf Engel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU Hospital, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Reiser
- Institute of Clinical Radiology, LMU Hospital, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU Hospital, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Martin Driessen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum OWL, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Kristina Hennig-Fast
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU Hospital, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum OWL, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany
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Chang YW, Buerke M, Galfalvy H, Szanto K. Childhood trauma is associated with early-onset but not late-onset suicidal behavior in late-life depression. Int Psychogeriatr 2024; 36:371-384. [PMID: 37642013 PMCID: PMC10902201 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610223000662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the relationship between childhood traumatic experiences and early and late-onset suicidal behavior among depressed older adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Inpatient and outpatient psychiatric services in Pennsylvania. PARTICIPANTS Our sample included 224 adults aged 50+ (M ± SD = 62.5 ± 7.4) recruited into three depressed groups: (1) 84 suicide attempters, (2) 44 suicide ideators, and (3) 58 non-suicidal comparisons, and a non-psychiatric healthy comparison group (N = 38). MEASUREMENTS The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire measured experiences of childhood trauma such as emotional abuse, physical abuse, emotional neglect, physical neglect, and sexual abuse. RESULTS Attempters were separated into early- and late-onset based on age of first attempt using a statistical algorithm that identified a cutoff age of 30 years old. Overall, we found group differences in emotional and physical abuse and neglect in both genders and sexual abuse in females, but not in males. Early-onset attempters experienced more childhood emotional abuse and neglect than late-onset attempters and were more likely to have experienced multiple forms of abuse. They also experienced more emotional abuse and neglect than all comparison groups. Consistently, early-onset attempters more often met criteria for current or lifetime PTSD relative to late-onset attempters and most comparison groups. Late-onset attempters had similar levels of childhood trauma as other depressed groups. CONCLUSIONS Our study reaffirms that there are distinct pathways to suicidal behavior in older adults based on their age of first suicide attempt and that trauma experienced in childhood has long-lasting emotional and behavioral consequences, even into late life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Morgan Buerke
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Hanga Galfalvy
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katalin Szanto
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Sridhar VK, Praharaj SK. The elephant in the room: Is betrayal trauma associated with borderline personality disorder? Indian J Psychiatry 2024; 66:381-387. [PMID: 38778850 PMCID: PMC11107931 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_4_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Borderline personality disorder (BPD) has been found to be closely linked to childhood trauma, particularly betrayal trauma. Aim In our study, we aimed to investigate the association between betrayal trauma and anxiety among young adults. Methods We assessed a total of 305 young adults using a Google form utilizing three assessment tools: the 10-item McLean Screening Instrument for Borderline Personality Disorder (MSI-BPD), the 12-item Brief Betrayal Trauma Survey (BBTS), and the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) to evaluate borderline personality traits, betrayal trauma experiences, and anxiety level. Results Our findings revealed that 22% [95% confidence interval (CI) 17.7 to 26.9] of the participants screened positive for BPD on MSI-BPD assessment; self-reported anxiety as reported by GAD-7 was observed in 27.9% (95% CI 23.1 to 33.2), while 82% (95% CI 77.3 to 85.9) reported experiencing betrayal trauma. A significantly higher proportion of individuals with BPD (97%) reported experiencing betrayal trauma compared to those without the disorder. High betrayal trauma [odds ratio (OR) 8.14, 95% CI 3.06 to 21.67] and medium betrayal trauma (OR 7.06, 95% CI 2.64 to 18.92) were significantly associated with the diagnosis of BPD. The associations held true across genders, although they were stronger in females. Conclusions Our study highlights the strong relationship between betrayal trauma and BPD, with significant implications for the development of anxiety in young adults. These findings underscore the importance of recognizing and addressing childhood trauma, particularly betrayal trauma, in individuals at risk for BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vindhya K. Sridhar
- Department of Psychiatry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Samir Kumar Praharaj
- Department of Psychiatry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Malafanti A, Yotsidi V, Sideridis G, Giannouli E, Galanaki EP, Malogiannis I. The impact of childhood trauma on borderline personality organization in a community sample of Greek emerging adults. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 244:104181. [PMID: 38330732 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
There is limited research on the role of childhood trauma in personality pathology according to Kernberg's psychodynamic model of internalized object relations. Because childhood trauma reflects the disruptions of these relations, it is expected to predict borderline personality organization, especially at the threshold of adulthood. Therefore, the main aim of this retrospective study was to examine the impact of childhood trauma on borderline personality organization in a community sample of emerging adults. Participants were 543 Greek individuals aged 18-29 (M = 21.45; 58.6 % females; 85.1 % university students). They completed the Greek versions of the Traumatic Antecedents Questionnaire (TAQ) and the Inventory of Personality Organization (IPO), which were tested for their factorial structure, reliability, and measurement invariance across gender, as few empirical data exist on the psychometric properties of these measures. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the TAQ consisted of four factors, namely positive experiences, abuse, traumatic life events, and family chaos. The five-factor theoretical structure of the IPO, namely primitive defenses, identity diffusion, reality testing, aggression, and moral values, was confirmed. Low to moderate links between childhood trauma and borderline personality organization were found, with stronger links emerging for abuse and family chaos. Structural equation modeling showed that the various forms of childhood trauma across the age periods studied (i.e., 0-6, 7-12, 13-18) significantly and differentially predicted the dimensions of borderline personality organization. The finding that stronger links emerged when trauma occurred in older ages may be attributed to the retrospective method of the study. Gender differences were also found; for example, personality pathology was more likely in men when abuse and traumatic life events occurred in younger ages and abuse was a more important risk factor for personality pathology in women. This study highlights the impact of childhood adversity on personality pathology in emerging adulthood, provides empirical support for Kernberg's psychodynamic model, and has useful implications for trauma-informed early screening, prevention, and intervention regarding personality pathology in young people. Limitations of this study and suggestions for future research are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Malafanti
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Greece.
| | - Vasiliki Yotsidi
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Greece.
| | - Georgios Sideridis
- Psychology Laboratory, Department of Pedagogy and Primary Education, School of Education, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
| | - Eleni Giannouli
- Personality Disorders Specific Sector, 1st Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
| | - Evangelia P Galanaki
- Psychology Laboratory, Department of Pedagogy and Primary Education, School of Education, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
| | - Ioannis Malogiannis
- Personality Disorders Specific Sector, 1st Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
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Kouros I, Holmberg H, Ekselius L, Ramklint M. Temperament, but not childhood trauma, distinguishes borderline personality disorder from bipolar disorder and ADHD. Nord J Psychiatry 2024; 78:79-86. [PMID: 37870069 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2023.2267041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate if temperament and experience of childhood trauma differed between young psychiatric patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD), bipolar disorder (BD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS Diagnoses were based on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Axis I and Axis II. Temperament was assessed by the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and childhood trauma by the Early Trauma Inventory-Self Report-Short Form (ETI-SR-SF). Temperament and childhood trauma were compared between the BPD group (n = 19) and the non-BPD group (BD/ADHD) (n = 95). Interactions between trauma and temperament were evaluated using a logistic regression model with a BPD diagnosis as outcome variable. RESULTS Participants in the BPD group showed higher novelty seeking (NS) and harm avoidance (HA). Traumatic experiences in childhood were common but the BPD group differed very little from the others in this regard. The interaction between temperament and trauma had low explanatory power for a BPD diagnosis in this sample. CONCLUSION Temperament might be useful to distinguish BPD when symptoms of impulsivity and affective instability are evaluated in psychiatric patients. The results from the interaction analysis support the multifactorial background to BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Kouros
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Håkan Holmberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lisa Ekselius
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department for Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mia Ramklint
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset, Uppsala, Sweden
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Koppeschaar A, Bachrach N, Arntz A. Timing of imagery rescripting during schema therapy for borderline personality disorder: the LUCY trial. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1204439. [PMID: 38152355 PMCID: PMC10751307 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1204439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Early childhood adversity plays an important role in the etiology of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Current evidence suggests that trauma treatment for patients with BPD can be performed safely and that early trauma treatment has a positive effect on the course of PD. However, there is a scarcity of RCTs comparing the effects of the timing of trauma treatment during schema therapy (ST) for BPD on BPD severity. Therefore, the LUCY trial investigates the effects of the timing of trauma treatment by comparing early trauma treatment using imagery rescripting (ImRs) on the course of BPD during ST to trauma treatment in the middle of the treatment course. Methods In this multicenter RCT, two conditions are compared among 73 individuals with BPD. The participants receive combined individual and group ST in both conditions. However, in condition (A), participants directly start ImRs in the individual sessions in months 2-4, and in condition (B), participants receive ST-as-Usual (STAU), in which ImRs is not allowed during months 2-4. The treatment follows ST treatment protocols, consists of a fixed combination of individual sessions and group sessions with a maximum of nine patients, and has a maximum duration of 25 months. The primary outcome is change in BPD severity, which is assessed using the Borderline Personality Disorder Severity Index-5 by independent raters blinded to the treatment. Secondary outcome measures include treatment retention, disconnection/rejection schemas, general functioning, posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, general psychopathological complaints, quality of life, happiness, schemas, and schema modes. Multilevel analysis will be performed to analyze and compare changes in BPD severity between conditions and generalized linear mixed model analyses to test predictors and moderators. Discussion This study will increase the knowledge on whether trauma treatment early in therapy positively affects the course of BPD manifestations during ST. When the early application of ImRs leads to a faster decrease in BPD manifestations, the treatment of BPD patients might be shortened, leading to improved treatment outcomes and decreased healthcare expenses. Moreover, the planned sub-studies will expand our knowledge of how ST works and the factors that influence the outcome of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemieke Koppeschaar
- Parnassia Groep Academy, The Hague, Netherlands
- Academic Centre for Trauma and Personality, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nathan Bachrach
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
- Department of Personality Disorders, GGZ-Oost Brabant, Helmond, Netherlands
| | - Arnoud Arntz
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Koolschijn M, Janković M, Bogaerts S. The impact of childhood maltreatment on aggression, criminal risk factors, and treatment trajectories in forensic psychiatric patients. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1128020. [PMID: 38098623 PMCID: PMC10720334 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1128020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Children's development into healthy well-functioning adults can be negatively affected by adversity. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been shown to lead to a variety of poor life outcomes, ranging from mental health problems (e.g., anxiety or suicidality) through problematic health behaviors to serious physical diseases and even early death. ACEs can also make people more prone to aggressive behavior, criminality, and recidivism. In this study, we investigated the association between ACEs, specifically childhood maltreatment (CM), and forensically relevant factors; aggression, criminal risk factors, and treatment trajectories, as little is known about these associations in forensic psychiatric patients. Methods The study includes data derived from two studies in The Netherlands, of which the first study enrolled 128 patients residing in a Forensic Psychiatric Center (FPC) and the second study included 468 patients who were released unconditionally from FPCs between 2009 and 2013. We expected that more CM would be correlated with higher levels of aggression, higher clinical risk factor scores, and less decrease in clinical risk factor scores over time. To investigate this, we applied correlational analyses and linear growth curve modeling on risk assessment scores and self-report as well as staff report questionnaires on CM and aggression. Results Consistent with our first hypothesis, patients with higher CM scores also had higher aggression and risk assessment scores. The effect sizes were small to medium (0.12 to 0.34). Unexpectedly, CM did not influence the course of these treatment trajectories, however, we found that patients with histories of CM had a significantly longer length of stay in a forensic facility than patients without CM (respectively, 10.8 years and 9.3 years on average). Discussion This study underlines the importance of carefully examining the history of ACEs and CM in forensic psychiatric patients and considering this in forensic risk assessment and risk guided treatment. More research is needed to draw conclusions about whether and how histories of ACEs should be considered and targeted during treatment trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijtje Koolschijn
- Fivoor Forensic Psychiatric Center (FPC) de Kijvelanden, Portugal, Netherlands
- Fivoor Science and Treatment Innovation (FARID), Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marija Janković
- Fivoor Science and Treatment Innovation (FARID), Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Stefan Bogaerts
- Fivoor Forensic Psychiatric Center (FPC) de Kijvelanden, Portugal, Netherlands
- Fivoor Science and Treatment Innovation (FARID), Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
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Bourvis N, Cohen D, Benarous X. Therapeutic and Preventive Interventions in Adolescents with Borderline Personality Disorder: Recent Findings, Current Challenges, and Future Directions. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6668. [PMID: 37892806 PMCID: PMC10607502 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12206668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Borderline personality disorder (BPD) has long suffered from overshadowing in adolescents and hopelessness from the psychiatrists themselves. Comprehensive guidelines for this age group are lacking. AIMS This narrative review aims to describe current recommendations for BPD and recent empirical evidence on effective treatments (both pharmacological and non-pharmacological) and preventive approaches. Innovative approaches, based on recent and original research on BPD adolescents, are also discussed. RESULTS Very low-certainty evidence has supported that medication has a positive effect on core BPD symptoms in adolescents. Medication prescribed for suicidal crises or associated disorders should be included in a global therapeutic plan, including efficacy reassessment, treatment duration, and a security plan. The overall benefit of structured psychotherapy for adolescents with BPD (cognitive behavioral therapy, mentalization-based therapy, dialectic behavioral therapy, and group therapy) is more important for self-harm behaviors than other BPD symptoms. Their specific efficacy, although difficult to distinguish from the overall non-specific effect of integrative care. CONCLUSIONS structured care of young BPD individuals should be based on the following principles: (1) setting the frame of care, including recognition of the diagnosis, and sharing information with patients and families about symptoms, prognosis, and putative psychological mechanisms involved; and (2) promoting comprehensive approaches, including both specific and non specific therapy, ecological interventions, community care, and preventive interventions in at-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Bourvis
- Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Toulon la Seyne (CHITS), 83000 Toulon, France
- Maison des Adolescents du Var, 83000 Toulon, France
- Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie Infanto Juvenile, Aix-Marseille Université, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - David Cohen
- Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et Robotique, APHP-Sorbonne Université, 75651 Paris, France; (D.C.); (X.B.)
- GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Xavier Benarous
- Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et Robotique, APHP-Sorbonne Université, 75651 Paris, France; (D.C.); (X.B.)
- GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
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Grant C, Radley J, Philip G, Lacey R, Blackburn R, Powell C, Woodman J. Parental health in the context of public family care proceedings: A scoping review of evidence and interventions. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 140:106160. [PMID: 37023580 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child protective services (CPS), or their equivalent, have statutory power to remove children from birth parents in instances of child abuse, neglect, or concerns around parenting capacity via public family care proceedings. Parents who have children subject to proceedings, 'birth parents', often have complex health and social care needs. OBJECTIVE We aimed to review what is known about the health needs of birth parents and the interventions implemented to support these health needs. METHODS We searched PubMed, Scopus, and grey literature using a systematic strategy of key concepts "health", "care proceedings", and "parents". We included all publications in English that reported parental health in the context of care proceedings from the 1st of January 2000 to the 1st of March 2021. RESULTS Included studies (n = 61) reported on maternal health (57 %) or the health of both parents (40 %), with only one study reporting on fathers alone. We conceptually categorised parental health need (n = 41) into i) mental health, ii) physical health, iii) substance misuse, iv) developmental disorders, and v) reproductive health. Health inequities and poor access to services were described across all categories, with longstanding issues often pre-dating proceedings or the child's birth. All interventions supporting parental health (n = 20) were targeted at mothers, with some supporting fathers (n = 8), formally or informally. We grouped similar interventions into three types: alternative family courts, wrap-around services, and specialist advocacy/peer support. CONCLUSIONS Parents who have children subject to care proceedings have complex health needs that pre-date CPS concerns. The studies included in our review strongly suggest that health issues are exacerbated by child removal, triggering deteriorations in mental health, poor antenatal health for subsequent pregnancies, and avoidable mortality. Findings highlight the need for targeted and timely intervention for parents to improve whole-family outcomes. There are models that have been designed, implemented, and tested using relationship-based, trauma-informed, multidisciplinary, family-focused, and long-term approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Grant
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK.
| | - Jessica Radley
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, UK
| | - Georgia Philip
- Centre for Research on Children & Families, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Rebecca Lacey
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK
| | - Ruth Blackburn
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Claire Powell
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jenny Woodman
- Thomas Coram Research Unit, Social Research Institute, University College London, UK
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Gupta N, Gupta M, Madabushi JS, Zubiar F. Integrating Psychosocial Risks With Emerging Evidence for Borderline Personality Disorders in Adolescence: An Update for Clinicians. Cureus 2023; 15:e40295. [PMID: 37448386 PMCID: PMC10337505 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) has seen significant advances in the knowledge of its developmental phenomenology during late childhood and adolescence. Various genetic, neurobiological, psychological, and social factors are implicated in the etiology of BPD. With emerging evidence on BPD development in adolescence, the review focused on recent literature to understand the role of psychosocial risk factors. The effects of adverse familial environment, physical, emotional, verbal, and sexual abuse, intergenerational transmission of psychopathological traits, maternal neglect and rejection, low socioeconomic status, bullying victimization, and dating violence were reviewed to understand their role in the development of BPD. BPD is a highly complex, serious, and enduring mental illness that has now been widely accepted to have symptoms that onset in early adolescence and could be diagnosed as early as age 12. BPD symptoms are stable, phenomenologically distinct from externalizing and internalizing disorders, and often present with co-occurring disorders, which during assessment could not explain impairments associated with BPD. New measures like the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), detailed developmental histories, understanding of psychosocial risks, shared decision-making, and psychoeducation could assist in early diagnosis and improvement of long-term outcomes. The implementation of evidence-based treatments is a challenge given higher costs and access to services; therefore, modifications in the treatment based on the core principles of these strategies should be considered. It is imperative to screen for psychosocial factors early in higher-risk groups. The assessment of familial factors, parental histories of psychopathologies, and histories of childhood abuse is important in context with impairing symptoms of clinical presentation and dimensional aspects of self-functioning. The role of family therapies, parental psychoeducation, and the integration of trauma-informed care approaches are important for clinical outcomes. Also, coordinated efforts with multiple stakeholders like school awareness programs, anti-bullying policies, legislation, and enforcement of existing laws might be instrumental in addressing issues related to victimization by peers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihit Gupta
- Psychiatry, University of West Virginia, Glen Dale, USA
| | - Mayank Gupta
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Southwood Psychiatric Hospital, Pittsburgh , USA
| | | | - Faiza Zubiar
- Psychiatry, The Trenton Psychiatric Hospital, Trenton, USA
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12
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Ciocca G, Di Stefano R, Collazzoni A, Jannini TB, Di Lorenzo G, Jannini EA, Rossi A, Rossi R. Sexual Dysfunctions and Problematic Sexuality in Personality Disorders and Pathological Personality Traits: A Systematic Review. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2023; 25:93-103. [PMID: 36738436 PMCID: PMC9968244 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-023-01409-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This aim of the present systematic literature review is to critically analyze problematic sexuality and sexual dysfunctions in personality disorders (PDs) and pathological personality traits. RECENT FINDINGS An initial pool of 123 studies was found, out of which 17 met the selection criteria and were therefore included. Traumatic experiences as childhood sexual abuse and adverse childhood experiences characterize the relationship between sexual behavior and PDs. From this point of view, sexual compulsivity and sexual risk behaviors, typical of BPD and ASPD, respectively, are among the pathognomonic aspects of PDs and of pathological personality traits. A maladaptive personality functioning may manifest through a problematic sexuality and a sexual impairment. In this regard, traumatic life experiences may structure personality together with sexual functioning. Therefore, it would be useful to consider the relationship between trauma, sexuality, and personality in research and in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Ciocca
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ramona Di Stefano
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Alberto Collazzoni
- Renewed Freedom Center for Rapid Anxiety Relief, Division of Strategic Cognitive Behavioral Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tommaso B Jannini
- School of Psychiatry, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Di Lorenzo
- School of Psychiatry, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Rossi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Rossi
- School of Psychiatry, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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13
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Butjosa A, Usall J, Vila-Badia R, Mezquida G, Cuesta MJ, Rodríguez-Toscano E, Amoretti S, Lobo A, González-Pinto A, Espliego A, Corripio I, Vieta E, Baeza I, Bergé D, Bernardo M, García-Rizo C, Mayoral M, Merchan J, Alonso-Solís A, Rabella M, López P, Zorrilla I, De-la-Cámara C, Barcones F, Sanjuan J, Dolores Moltó M, Morro L, Monserrat C, Verdolini N, Salagre E, la Serna ED, Castro-Fornieles J, Contreras Fernández F, Saiz Masvidal C, Paz Garcia-Portilla M, Bousoño M, Gutiérrez Fraile M, Zabala Rabadán A, Dompablo M, Rodriguez-Jimenez R, Rubio-Abadal E, Pardo M, Sarró S, Pomarol-Clotet E, Ibanez A, Sánchez-Torres AM, Selva-Vera G. Impact of traumatic life events on clinical variables of individuals with first-episode psychosis and healthy controls. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2023; 69:134-145. [PMID: 35068217 DOI: 10.1177/00207640211070398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic life events (TLEs) are one of the most robust environmental risk factors for the onset of first-episode psychosis (FEP). AIMS To explore TLEs in FEP patients and healthy controls (HC), to analyze gender differences and to examine whether TLEs were associated with sociodemographic, clinical and psychofunctional variables in all FEP sample and split by age. METHODS Descriptive and cross-sectional study. Three hundred and thirty-five FEP and 253 HC were recruited at 16 Spanish mental health research centers. The Traumatic Experiences in Psychiatric Outpatients Questionnaire was administered. RESULTS We found a higher number of TLEs in FEP than in HC, and the proportion of individuals with three or more TLEs was significantly higher in the FEP group. No differences were found in terms of gender and age. There was no relationship between total number of TLEs and psychotic symptomatology and functional outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The number and cumulative TLEs should be taken into account in the detection, epidemiology and process of recovery in FEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Butjosa
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Judith Usall
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Regina Vila-Badia
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gisela Mezquida
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Spain.,Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Neuroscience Institute, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Spain
| | - Manuel J Cuesta
- Department of Psychiatry, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNa), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elisa Rodríguez-Toscano
- Instituto de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental del Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Servicio de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Psicología experimental, Procesos psicológicos y logopedia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Amoretti
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Spain.,Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Neuroscience Institute, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Spain
| | - Antonio Lobo
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Spain.,Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University of Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana González-Pinto
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de Alava, BIOARABA, UPV/EHU, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Ana Espliego
- Departamento de Psicología experimental, Procesos psicológicos y logopedia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - Iluminada Corripio
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Spain.,Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Baeza
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Spain.,Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, SGR489, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dani Bergé
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Spain.,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Miguel Bernardo
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Spain.,Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Neuroscience Institute, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Spain
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Fang T, Liu MN, Tian XY, Lu GY, Li F, Zhang X, Liu F, Hao W, Wu N, Li H, Li J. The association of FKBP5 polymorphisms with the severity of depressive disorder in patients with methamphetamine use disorders. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1147060. [PMID: 37051166 PMCID: PMC10083280 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1147060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Co-occurring depressive disorder (DD) in patients of methamphetamine use disorder (MAUD) impacts the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of the disease. Although FKBP5 has been associated with a variety of psychiatric disorders, whether FKBP5 influences depression susceptibility in MAUD is unknown so far. Methods Here, we sequenced six FKBP5 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites (rs4713916, rs6926133, rs9470080, rs737054, rs4713902, and rs9470079) in 282 methamphetamine users. MAUD and DD were evaluated by clinical questionnaires. SPSS was used to analyze the relationship between FKBP5 SNPs and DD in individuals with MAUD. Results Of the 282 methamphetamine users, 161 individuals met the MAUD criteria, and among them, 50 patients (31.1%) had DD co-occurring. Importantly, the incidence of DD in individuals with MAUD was 3.314 times greater than that of the methamphetamine users who did not meet the MAUD criteria (p < 0.001). Although none of the six SNPs of FKBP5 were correlated with the co-occurrence of DD in the population with MAUD, two FKBP5 alleles (rs4713916A and rs6926133A) were substantially associated with the higher DD scores in patients with MAUD (p < 0.05). Moreover, those with the two risk alleles do not have much higher scores than those with a single risk allele, and the strong linkage disequilibrium of the two SNPs may be the underlying cause of this result. Despite having weak linkage disequilibrium with either rs4713916 or rs6926133, FKBP5 rs9470079 became risky when paired with either. Conclusion The results of this study revealed that the FKBP5 risk alleles (rs4713916A and rs6926133A) were associated with a greater probability of severe DD in patients with MAUD. These findings here would help with the development of biological early warning markers and the creation of personalized treatment strategies for MAUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Nan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Guan-Yi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Compulsory Detoxification Center of Changsha Public Security Bureau, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Hao
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ning Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- Hong Li
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jin Li
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15
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Traynor JM, Roberts DE, Ross S, Zeifman R, Choi-Kain L. MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy for Borderline Personality Disorder. FOCUS (AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING) 2022; 20:358-367. [PMID: 37200873 PMCID: PMC10187385 DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.20220056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Borderline personality disorder is a complex psychiatric disorder with limited treatment options that are associated with large heterogeneity in treatment response and high rates of dropout. New or complementary treatments for borderline personality disorder are needed that may be able to bolster treatment outcomes. In this review, the authors comment on the plausibility for research on 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) used in conjunction with psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder (i.e., MDMA-assisted psychotherapy [MDMA-AP]). On the basis of the promise of MDMA-AP in treating disorders overlapping with borderline personality disorder (e.g., posttraumatic stress disorder), the authors speculate on initial treatment targets and hypothesized mechanisms of change that are grounded in prior literature and theory. Initial considerations for designing MDMA-AP clinical trials to investigate the safety, feasibility, and preliminary effects of MDMA-AP for borderline personality disorder are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna M Traynor
- Gunderson Personality Disorders Research Institute, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts (Traynor, Choi-Kain); Faculty of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Traynor, Choi-Kain); Langone Center for Psychedelic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York (Roberts, Ross); Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto (Zeifman); Centre for Psychedelic Research, Imperial College London, London (Zeifman)
| | - Daniel E Roberts
- Gunderson Personality Disorders Research Institute, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts (Traynor, Choi-Kain); Faculty of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Traynor, Choi-Kain); Langone Center for Psychedelic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York (Roberts, Ross); Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto (Zeifman); Centre for Psychedelic Research, Imperial College London, London (Zeifman)
| | - Stephen Ross
- Gunderson Personality Disorders Research Institute, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts (Traynor, Choi-Kain); Faculty of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Traynor, Choi-Kain); Langone Center for Psychedelic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York (Roberts, Ross); Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto (Zeifman); Centre for Psychedelic Research, Imperial College London, London (Zeifman)
| | - Richard Zeifman
- Gunderson Personality Disorders Research Institute, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts (Traynor, Choi-Kain); Faculty of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Traynor, Choi-Kain); Langone Center for Psychedelic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York (Roberts, Ross); Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto (Zeifman); Centre for Psychedelic Research, Imperial College London, London (Zeifman)
| | - Lois Choi-Kain
- Gunderson Personality Disorders Research Institute, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts (Traynor, Choi-Kain); Faculty of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Traynor, Choi-Kain); Langone Center for Psychedelic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York (Roberts, Ross); Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto (Zeifman); Centre for Psychedelic Research, Imperial College London, London (Zeifman)
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16
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Abstract
Childhood trauma, particularly emotional abuse, is prevalent in bipolar disorder, and affective instability mechanistically explains the relationship between childhood trauma and poor bipolar disorder outcomes. Yet, trauma-focused interventions in bipolar disorder are lacking. This editorial calls for future early interventions to target the effects of childhood trauma and affective instability in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Hett
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, UK; and National Centre for Mental Health, The Barberry, Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health Trust, UK
| | - Bruno Etain
- INSERM UMR-S 1144, Université de Paris, France
| | - Steven Marwaha
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, UK; National Centre for Mental Health, The Barberry, Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health Trust, UK; and Specialist Mood Disorders Clinic, Zinnia Centre, Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health Trust, UK
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17
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Krause-Utz A. Dissociation, trauma, and borderline personality disorder. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul 2022; 9:14. [PMID: 35440020 PMCID: PMC9020027 DOI: 10.1186/s40479-022-00184-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissociation is a complex phenomenon, which occurs in various clinical conditions, including dissociative disorders, (complex) post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD, PTSD), and borderline personality disorder (BPD). Traumatic stress is considered an important risk factor, while the etiology of dissociation is still debated. Next to traumatic experiences, temperamental and neurobiological vulnerabilities seem to contribute to the development of dissociation. Stress-related dissociation is a prevalent symptom of BPD, which may interfere with psychosocial functioning and treatment outcome. More research in the field is strongly needed to improve the understanding and management of this complex phenomenon. This article collection brings together research on dissociation and trauma, with a special focus on BPD or sub-clinical expressions of BPD. In this editorial, recent conceptualizations of dissociation and relevant previous research are introduced in order to provide a framework for this novel research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annegret Krause-Utz
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands. .,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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18
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Gelezelyte O, Kvedaraite M, Kairyte A, Roberts NP, Bisson JI, Kazlauskas E. The mediating role of complex posttraumatic stress and borderline pattern symptoms on the association between sexual abuse and suicide risk. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul 2022; 9:13. [PMID: 35410436 PMCID: PMC9001016 DOI: 10.1186/s40479-022-00183-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) includes a new diagnosis of complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD). There has been very little research investigating associations between CPTSD symptoms and suicide risk following sexual abuse. This and questions concerning similarities and differences between CPTSD and borderline personality disorder (BPD), led to the current study that aimed to explore indirect associations between sexual abuse and suicide risk through the symptoms of CPTSD and borderline traits. METHODS The study sample comprised 103 adults with a history of traumatic experiences (Mage = 32.64, SDage = 9.36; 83.5% female). In total, 26.3% of the participants reported experiencing sexual abuse during their lifetime. The clinician-administered International Trauma Interview (ITI) was used for the assessment of ICD-11 CPTSD symptoms. Self-report measures were used for the evaluation of borderline pattern (BP) symptoms and suicide risk. Mediation analyses were performed to evaluate the mediating effects of CPTSD and BP symptoms for the association between sexual trauma and suicide risk. RESULTS In a parallel mediation model, CPTSD and BP symptoms mediated the association between sexual abuse and suicide risk, following adjustment for the covariates of age, gender, and whether the traumatic experience occurred in childhood or adulthood. Around 73% of participants who met diagnostic criteria for CPTSD reported previous suicide attempt(s). CONCLUSIONS Suicide risk assessment and intervention should be an important part of the management of victims of sexual abuse with CPTSD and BP symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odeta Gelezelyte
- Center for Psychotraumatology, Institute of Psychology, Vilnius University, M. K. Ciurlionio str. 29, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Monika Kvedaraite
- Center for Psychotraumatology, Institute of Psychology, Vilnius University, M. K. Ciurlionio str. 29, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Agniete Kairyte
- Center for Psychotraumatology, Institute of Psychology, Vilnius University, M. K. Ciurlionio str. 29, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Neil P Roberts
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK.,Psychology and Psychological Therapies Directorate, Cardiff & Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jonathan I Bisson
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Evaldas Kazlauskas
- Center for Psychotraumatology, Institute of Psychology, Vilnius University, M. K. Ciurlionio str. 29, Vilnius, Lithuania
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19
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Hurtado-Santiago S, Guzmán-Parra J, Mayoral F, Bersabé RM. Iconic Therapy for the reduction of borderline personality disorder symptoms among suicidal youth: a preliminary study. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:224. [PMID: 35351048 PMCID: PMC8966277 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03862-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iconic therapy (IT) is a new therapy that uses images to teach skills with the aim of improving the symptoms of borderline personality disorder. Preliminary results are promising, and there is indication that IT may be effective. The purpose of this preliminary study was to test the effectiveness of IT compared to a psychological supportive intervention (SI). METHODS The study was carried out at the University Regional Hospital of Malaga. Young patients (N = 40; 15-30 years) with suicidal or parasuicidal behavior and borderline personality traits were randomized into IT (N = 20) or SI (N = 20). The main outcome variable was a change in the symptoms of borderline personality disorder (BSL-23) at the end of treatment. The secondary outcome variables were suicidal ideation and behavior, self-harm, the need for medication, the number of visits to mental health professionals, maladaptive behavior, satisfaction with therapy and perceived improvement, both at the end of the intensive treatment and at the 12-month follow-up. RESULTS As expected, the two therapies produced a reduction in BPD symptoms at 10 weeks post-treatment and at the 12-month follow-up. Contrary to expectation, there were no statistically significant differences in the effectiveness of the two therapies (p > 0.05). However, at the 12-month follow-up, the effect sizes for the difference between the effectiveness of the two therapy groups on BSL-23 scores (d = 0.33) and on maladjustment to daily life (d = 0.39) was found to exceed the commonly used convention for a small effect (d = 0.20). Besides, participants in the IT group showed greater satisfaction with therapy than those who received SI. The mean difference between groups was statistically significant after the 10-week treatment period (p < .01), with a large effect size (d = 1.11). Nevertheless, this difference was not maintained at the 12-month follow-up (p > .05), although the effect size for this analysis (d = 0.34) was found to exceed a small effect. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary study did not find a statistically significant difference in the effectiveness of the two therapies, probably due to the small sample of participants, but there are some indicators (effect sizes) suggesting that perhaps IT may be superior for reducing BPD symptoms and maladjustment in daily life. Future studies with larger samples and comparisons with established treatments for borderline personality disorder are necessary to confirm that IT effects are significant and persistent in the long term. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03011190 . First posted 05/01/2017. Last update posted 15/05/2018.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Guzmán-Parra
- grid.452525.1University Regional Hospital of Málaga. Mental Health Unit. Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Fermín Mayoral
- grid.452525.1University Regional Hospital of Málaga. Mental Health Unit. Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Bersabé
- grid.10215.370000 0001 2298 7828Psychobiology and Methodology of the Behavioral Sciences Department, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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20
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Abramov DM, Peixoto PDTDC. Does contemporary Western culture play a role in mental disorders? Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:978860. [PMID: 36159946 PMCID: PMC9489857 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.978860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Marques Abramov
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Clinical Neurophysiology, National Institute of Women, Children and Adolescents' Health Fernandes Figueira, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo-de-Tarso de Castro Peixoto
- Open College and Laboratory of Emotions, Affections, Society & Subjectivities, Office of Higher Education, Macaé City Hall, Macaé, Brazil
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21
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Fellinger M, Knasmüller P, Kocsis-Bogar K, Wippel A, Fragner L, Mairhofer D, Hochgatterer P, Aigner M. Adverse childhood experiences as risk factors for recurrent admissions in young psychiatric inpatients. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:988695. [PMID: 36523872 PMCID: PMC9744800 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.988695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients who require psychiatric inpatient treatment early in life are a particularly at-risk population. Factors such as adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are, however, not well studied in those requiring psychiatric inpatient treatment during both childhood or adolescence and adulthood. Thus, the aim of the current study was to investigate, in young adult inpatients, the risk factors for prior admissions in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, with a focus on ACEs. MATERIALS AND METHODS An explorative population-based systematic chart investigation of psychiatric inpatients aged 18-25 was conducted at the University Hospital Tulln, Austria. Data analysis was done with descriptive methods and Pearson's chi- squared-, Fisher's exact-, Mann-Whitney-U-tests and predictive logistic regression models. RESULTS The sample comprised 390 inpatients (51.8% female), with an average age of 20 years at first psychiatric hospital admission. Those with a former child and adolescent psychiatry inpatient treatment (10.3%) were predominantly female (77.5%). Their number of documented ACEs was increased compared to those without former child and adolescent psychiatry admissions (2 vs 1.1), with up to twice as many experiences of family dysfunction, neglect or abuse. Sexual abuse (OR: 3.0), having been an adopted or fostered child (OR: 4.5), and female sex (OR: 3.0) were identified as main risk factors. Furthermore, former child and adolescent psychiatry inpatients suffered from higher rates of psychosomatic or personality disorders, comorbidities and functional impairment, and were readmitted twice as often in young adulthood. CONCLUSION Young adult inpatients with reoccurring psychiatric inpatient treatments have increased rates of severe ACEs. Thus, special attention should be given to identifying ACEs, evaluating needs for psychosocial support and therapy, and meeting these needs after discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthäus Fellinger
- Clinical Division of Social Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tulln, Tulln, Austria
| | - Philipp Knasmüller
- Department of General Psychiatry, Clinic Landstraße, Vienna Healthcare Group, Vienna, Austria
| | - Krisztina Kocsis-Bogar
- Clinical Division of Social Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Wippel
- Clinical Division of Social Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Fragner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dunja Mairhofer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paulus Hochgatterer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Tulln, Tulln, Austria
| | - Martin Aigner
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tulln, Tulln, Austria.,Karl Landsteiner Private University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria
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