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Lu YL, Ge Y, Li M, Liang S, Zhang X, Sui Y, Yang L, Li X, Zhang Y, Yue W, Zhang H, Yan H. Cognitive Phenotype Shifts in Risk Taking: Interplay of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Behaviors and Intensified Depression. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024:S2451-9022(24)00157-5. [PMID: 38871052 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) behavior is significantly prevalent in both adolescents and psychiatric populations, particularly in individuals with major depressive disorder. NSSI can be considered a result of risky decision making in response to negative emotions, where individuals choose self-harm over other less harmful alternatives, suggesting a potential decision-making deficit in those engaging in NSSI. This study delves into the complex relationship between NSSI and depression severity in decision making and its cognitive underpinnings. METHODS We assessed decision behaviors in 57 patients with major depressive disorder and NSSI, 42 patients with major depressive disorder without NSSI, and 142 healthy control participants using the Balloon Analog Risk Task, which involves risk taking, learning, and exploration in uncertain scenarios. Using computational modeling, we dissected the nuanced cognitive dimensions influencing decision behaviors. A novel statistical method was developed to elucidate interaction effects between NSSI and depression severity. RESULTS Contrary to common perceptions, we found that individuals with NSSI behaviors were typically more risk averse. There was also a complex interaction between NSSI and depression severity in shaping risk-taking behaviors. As depressive symptoms intensified, the individuals with NSSI began to perceive less risk and behave more randomly. CONCLUSIONS This research provides new insights into the cognitive aspects of NSSI and depression, highlighting the importance of considering the influence of comorbid mental disorders when investigating the cognitive underpinnings of such behaviors, especially in the context of prevalent cross-diagnostic phenomena such as NSSI behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Long Lu
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqi Ge
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University) and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Mingzhu Li
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University) and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Shutian Liang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhang
- Department of Mental Health, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Yupeng Sui
- Department of Mental Health, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Lei Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University) and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Xueni Li
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University) and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Yuyanan Zhang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University) and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Yue
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University) and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of General Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.
| | - Hao Yan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University) and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China.
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Ge Y, Xiao Y, Li M, Yang L, Song P, Li X, Yan H. Maladaptive cognitive regulation moderates the mediating role of emotion dysregulation on the association between psychosocial factors and non-suicidal self-injury in depression. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1279108. [PMID: 38098637 PMCID: PMC10719840 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1279108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is highly prevalent in depression, and is associated with psychosocial factors, emotion dysregulation, and strategies of cognitive emotion regulation. However, the internal combination and interactions of these risk factors in depression remain unclear. Methods Data from 122 patients with depression, including 56 with NSSI and 66 without NSSI, were analyzed. Self-rating scales were used to assess psychosocial factors, emotion dysregulation, and cognitive regulation strategies. Sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis (sPLS-DA) was employed to explore internal combinations in each profile. A moderated mediation model was applied to examine their interactional relationship. Results The results identified an NSSI-related psychosocial profile characterized by high neuroticism, childhood trauma, poor family functioning, and low psychological resilience. Emotion dysregulation, including high levels of alexithymia, anhedonia, and emotion regulation difficulties, mediated the association between this psychosocial profile and NSSI. The mediated effect was further moderated by maladaptive cognitive regulation strategies. Limitations Lack of sufficient information on NSSI frequency and severity. Relatively small sample size for discussing the impact of gender and age of depressive patients with NSSI. Conclusion These findings hold important implications for the prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of NSSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Ge
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Mingzhu Li
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Peihua Song
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Xueni Li
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Hao Yan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
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