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Grigoriou I, Kotoulas SC, Porpodis K, Spyratos D, Papagiouvanni I, Tsantos A, Michailidou A, Mourelatos C, Mouratidou C, Alevroudis I, Marneri A, Pataka A. The Interactions between Smoking and Sleep. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1765. [PMID: 39200229 PMCID: PMC11351415 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Smoking a cigarette before bed or first thing in the morning is a common habit. In this review, the relationship between smoking and sleep is investigated based on the existing literature. Out of 6504 unique items that were identified via a PubMed search related to smoking and sleep, 151 were included in this review. Tobacco smoking disrupts sleep architecture by reducing slow wave and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and undermining sleep quality. Furthermore, smoking affects sleep-related co-morbidities, such as obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS), insomnia, parasomnias, arousals, bruxism, and restless legs, as well as non-sleep-related conditions such as cardiovascular, metabolic, respiratory, neurologic, psychiatric, inflammatory, gynecologic and pediatric issues, while poor sleep quality also seems to worsen the chances of successful smoking cessation. In conclusion, the existing literature suggests that there is a wicked relation between smoking and sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Grigoriou
- Respiratory Failure Clinic and Sleep Laboratory, General Hospital of Thessaloniki “G. Papanikolaou”, Aristotle’s University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.G.); (A.P.)
| | | | - Konstantinos Porpodis
- Pulmonary Department, General Hospital of Thessaloniki “G. Papanikolaou”, Aristotle’s University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.P.); (D.S.)
| | - Dionysios Spyratos
- Pulmonary Department, General Hospital of Thessaloniki “G. Papanikolaou”, Aristotle’s University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.P.); (D.S.)
| | - Ioanna Papagiouvanni
- 4th Internal Medicine Department, General Hospital of Thessaloniki “Ippokrateio”, Aristotle’s University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Alexandros Tsantos
- Pulmonary Department, General Hospital of Thessaloniki “Ippokrateio”, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Anastasia Michailidou
- 2nd Propaedeutic Internal Medicine Department, General Hospital of Thessaloniki “Ippokrateio”, Aristotle’s University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | | | - Christina Mouratidou
- Adult ICU, General Hospital of Thessaloniki “Ippokrateio”, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.M.); (I.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Ioannis Alevroudis
- Adult ICU, General Hospital of Thessaloniki “Ippokrateio”, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.M.); (I.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Alexandra Marneri
- Adult ICU, General Hospital of Thessaloniki “Ippokrateio”, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.M.); (I.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Athanasia Pataka
- Respiratory Failure Clinic and Sleep Laboratory, General Hospital of Thessaloniki “G. Papanikolaou”, Aristotle’s University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.G.); (A.P.)
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Guo Y, Li J, Hu R, Luo H, Zhang Z, Tan J, Luo Q. Associations between ADHD and risk of six psychiatric disorders: a Mendelian randomization study. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:99. [PMID: 38317064 PMCID: PMC10840247 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05548-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies and diagnostic criteria have indicated that Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) frequently comorbid with various psychiatric disorders. Therefore, we conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to explore this potential genetic association between ADHD and six psychiatric disorders. METHODS Using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) design, this study systematically screened genetic instrumental variables (IVs) based on the genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of ADHD and six psychiatric disorders, with the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method as the primary approach. RESULTS The study revealed a positive and causal association between ADHD and the risk of ASD, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.328 (95%CI: 1.241-4.368) in the IVW MR analysis. Additionally, ADHD showed a positive causal effect on an increased risk of schizophrenia, with an OR of 1.867 (95%CI: 1.260-2.767) in the IVW MR analysis. However, no causal effect of Tic disorder, Mental retardation, Mood disorders and Anxiety disorder with ADHD was found in the analysis mentioned above. CONCLUSION Our MR analysis provides robust evidence of the causal role of ADHD in increasing the risk of ASD and schizophrenia. However, ADHD is not associated with the risk of Tic Disorder, Mental Retardation, Mood Disorders and Anxiety Disorder. This suggests the need for increased attention to the co-occurrence of ADHD-ASD or ADHD-schizophrenia and the implementation of timely intervention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junyao Li
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Renqin Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huirong Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinglan Tan
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinghua Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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