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Min Z, Bin H, Wenjie Z, Tao L, Yi M, Chunhua Z, Tong Y. Developing an assessment tool for the healthy lifestyles of the occupational population in China: a modified Delphi-analytic hierarchy process study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20359. [PMID: 39223269 PMCID: PMC11369144 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71324-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle is an important factor affecting people's health. Evaluating and promoting healthy lifestyles among occupational population can not only improve work ability and efficiency, but also contribute to the prevention a variety of potential diseases. This study developed a preliminary index system based on literature review and group discussion. Two rounds of expert consultation were conducted on 12 experts using Delphi method. The questionnaire recovery rate of the two rounds of Delphi survey was over 85%, the expert authority coefficient was over 0.70, and Kendall W was 0.450 and 0.446, which were significant (P < 0.001). The weighting coefficient of each indicator was calculated using the hierarchical analysis method. Among them, the weighting coefficients of physical health lifestyle, mental health lifestyle, social adaptation lifestyle and occupational health lifestyle were 0.4133, 0.2922, 0.1078 and 0.1867, respectively. The consistency index CI = 0.024 and the consistency ratio CR = 0.027 of the first-level index judgment matrix. The weighting coefficient is acceptable and the indicators do not cause logical confusion. The healthy lifestyle assessment tool of the occupational population constructed in this study consists of 4 primary indicators, 13 secondary indicators and 45 tertiary indicators, which can provide a standardized and operable assessment tool for monitoring and evaluating the healthy lifestyle of the Chinese occupational population. At the same time, the weight analysis of various indicators through the analytic hierarchy process can also provide reference for the key areas of occupational health intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Min
- Shapingba District Disease Control and Prevention Center, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Hu Bin
- Shapingba District Disease Control and Prevention Center, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Zhou Wenjie
- Shapingba District Disease Control and Prevention Center, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Li Tao
- Shapingba District Disease Control and Prevention Center, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Meng Yi
- Shapingba District Disease Control and Prevention Center, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Zhang Chunhua
- Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yang Tong
- Shapingba District Disease Control and Prevention Center, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400000, China.
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Adzivor E, Emuze F, Ahiabu M, Kusedzi M. Scaling up a Positive Safety Culture among Construction Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Ghana. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:817. [PMID: 39063395 PMCID: PMC11276663 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21070817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The Ghanaian construction industry faces challenges in managing safety, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that need more resources. This research addressed the critical need for a positive safety culture framework specifically designed for SMEs in Ghana. The study adopts the Delphi research approach, which involves a series of questionnaire 'rounds' to gather and refine information and develop a collaborative safety culture framework with SME stakeholders. The study employed a mixed-methods strategy, harnessing quantitative and qualitative data to meet the research goals. The critical components of the developed framework included safety commitment, adaptability, information, awareness, culture, and performance. The research offered evidence-based recommendations for effective positive safety practices across Ghana's SMEs by analysing the relationship between these interventions and safety outcomes. Applying the framework should reduce workplace accidents and foster a positive safety culture that aligns with international best practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Adzivor
- Department of Building Technology, Faculty of Built and Natural Environment, Ho Technical University, Volta Region Box HP 217, Ho, VH-0044-6820, Ghana
| | - Fidelis Emuze
- Department of Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology, Central University of Technology, Free State, Private Bag X20539, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Moses Ahiabu
- Department of Building Technology, Faculty of Built and Natural Environment, Ho Technical University, Volta Region Box HP 217, Ho, VH-0044-6820, Ghana
| | - Moses Kusedzi
- Department of Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology, Central University of Technology, Free State, Private Bag X20539, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
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Ose SO, Lohmann-Lafrenz S, Kaspersen SL, Berthelsen H, Marchand GH. Registered nurses' exposure to workplace aggression in Norway: 12-month prevalence rates, perpetrators, and current turnover intention. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:1272. [PMID: 37974173 PMCID: PMC10655393 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-10306-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying occupational health hazards among Registered Nurses (RNs) and other health personnel and implementing effective preventive measures are crucial to the long-term sustainability of health services. The objectives of this study were (1) to assess the 12-month prevalence rates of exposure to workplace aggression, including physical violence, threats of violence, sexual harassment, and bullying; (2) to identify whether the perpetrators were colleagues, managers, subordinates, or patients and their relatives; (3) to determine whether previous exposure to these hazards was associated with RNs' current turnover intention; and (4) to frame workplace aggression from an occupational health and safety perspective. METHODS The third version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ III) was used to assess RNs' exposure to workplace aggression and turnover intention. A national sample of 8,800 RNs in Norway, representative of the entire population of registered nurses in terms of gender and geography, was analysed. Binary and ordinal logistic regression analyses were conducted, and odds for exposure and intention to leave are presented, with and without controls for RNs' gender, age, and the type of health service they work in. RESULTS The 12-month prevalence rates for exposure were 17.0% for physical violence, 32.5% for threats of violence, 12.6% for sexual harassment, and 10.5% for bullying. In total, 42.6% of the RNs had experienced at least one of these types of exposure during the past 12 months, and exposure to more than one of these hazards was common. Most perpetrators who committed physical acts and sexual harassment were patients, while bullying was usually committed by colleagues. There was a strong statistical association between exposure to all types of workplace aggression and RNs' intention to leave. The strongest association was for bullying, which greatly increased the odds of looking for work elsewhere. CONCLUSIONS Efforts to prevent exposure to workplace aggression should be emphasised to retain health personnel and to secure the supply of skilled healthcare workers. The results indicate a need for improvements. To ensure the sustainability of health services, labour and health authorities should join forces to develop effective workplace measures to strengthen prevention, mitigation, and preparedness regarding incidents of workplace aggression in health services and the response and recovery regarding incidents that could not be prevented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hanne Berthelsen
- Centre for WorkLife and Evaluation Studies, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
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Thonon F, Godon-Rensonnet AS, Perozziello A, Garsi JP, Dab W, Emsalem P. Return on investment of workplace-based prevention interventions: a systematic review. Eur J Public Health 2023:7192365. [PMID: 37290417 PMCID: PMC10393479 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckad092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational Safety and Health is an important public health topic. Many employers may regard health promotion or prevention initiatives as an additional cost with few benefits. The aim of this systematic review is to identify the studies conducted on the return on investment (ROI) of preventive health interventions conducted within workplaces, and to describe their designs, topics and calculation methods. METHODS We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, International Labour Organization and Occupational Safety and Health Administration from 2013 to 2021. We included studies that evaluated prevention interventions in the workplace setting and reported an economic outcome or company-related benefits. We report the findings according to PRISMA reporting guidelines. RESULTS We included 141 articles reporting 138 interventions. Of them, 62 (44.9%) had an experimental design, 29 (21.0%) had a quasi-experimental design, 37 (26.8%) were observational studies and 10 (7.2%) were modelling studies. The interventions' objectives were mostly related to psychosocial risks (N = 42; 30.4%), absenteeism (N = 40; 29.0%), general health (N = 35; 25.4%), specific diseases (N = 31; 22.5%), nutrition (N = 24; 17.4%), sedentarism (N = 21; 15.2%) musculoskeletal disorders (N = 17; 12.3%) and accidents (N = 14; 10.1%). The ROI calculation was positive for 78 interventions (56.5%), negative for 12 (8.7%), neutral for 13 (9.4%) and undetermined for 35 (25.4%). CONCLUSION There were many different ROI calculations. Most studies have a positive result but randomized controlled trials have fewer positive results than other designs. It is important to conduct more high-quality studies so that results can inform employers and policy-makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédérique Thonon
- Laboratoire Modélisation Epidémiologie et Surveillance des Risques Sanitaires (MESuRS), Conservatoire national des Arts et Métiers (CNAM), Paris, France
- Chaire Entreprise et santé, CNAM-Malakoff Humanis, Malakoff, France
| | | | - Anne Perozziello
- Laboratoire Modélisation Epidémiologie et Surveillance des Risques Sanitaires (MESuRS), Conservatoire national des Arts et Métiers (CNAM), Paris, France
| | - Jérôme-Philippe Garsi
- Laboratoire Modélisation Epidémiologie et Surveillance des Risques Sanitaires (MESuRS), Conservatoire national des Arts et Métiers (CNAM), Paris, France
| | - William Dab
- Laboratoire Modélisation Epidémiologie et Surveillance des Risques Sanitaires (MESuRS), Conservatoire national des Arts et Métiers (CNAM), Paris, France
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Zhao J, Yang FQ, Guo Y, Ren X. Mapping knowledge domains for mine heat hazard: a bibliometric analysis of research trends and future needs. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:17076-17093. [PMID: 36630032 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25207-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As the shallow mineral resources are nearly depleted, the mining of deep resources has become an urgent problem to be studied. The increase in mine depth can lead to the increase of mine heat hazard, which is a critical concern for mining safety/occupational health and safety. However, there are limited review articles available regarding the prevention of mine heat hazard. To fill in this gap, a bibliometric analysis and knowledge mapping of the field of mine heat hazard prevention are presented in this paper. A total of 314 papers from the Web of Science (WOS) core collection database that published between January 1998 and July 2022 were analyzed using VOSviewer and CiteSpace. China, South Africa, Poland, USA, and Australia are the top five countries in this field. The important journals are Applied Thermal Engineering, Applied Energy, Energies, and International Journal of Mining Science and Technology. In addition, the research focal points and two research fronts were identified and discussed. The knowledge base of mine heat hazard research focuses on mine cooling technology, energy efficiency optimization of cooling systems, thermodynamic theory, and occupational health. There are two research fronts. One is to use the numerical simulation method to study various problems such as simulate the performance of refrigeration systems and thermal comfort in mines. The second is to study the occupational health impact of climate change on miners. Therefore, this paper provides readers and academics with an overview of the intellectual structure and knowledge body that have been developed on the subject of mine heat hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Zhao
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Fu-Qiang Yang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China.
| | - Yong Guo
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Xin Ren
- Safety and Security Science Group, Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, TU Delft, 2628, BX, Delft, The Netherlands
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Mayta-Tovalino F, Pacheco-Mendoza J, Alvitez-Temoche D, Alvítez J, Barja-Ore J, Munive-Degregori A, Guerrero ME. Scientometric evaluation of trends and global characteristics of published research on occupational public health. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12165. [PMID: 36578384 PMCID: PMC9791871 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this scientometric study was to assess the global trends and characteristics of published occupational health research from 2016 to 2020. The SciVal tool (Elsevier) was used to perform the corresponding bibliometric analyses such as the Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI), Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP), CiteScore, and SCImago Journal Rank (SJR). Most of the manuscripts (46.5%) had national collaboration, with an average of 6.1 citations per paper. However, only 71 manuscripts (5.4%) presented single authorship (without collaboration). It was found that 486 manuscripts related to occupational health were published in Q2 journals (top 26-50%). Scientific publications on occupational health have increased remarkably worldwide, especially in Europe, and have mainly been published in Q1 and Q2 journals with a total of 292 and 289 scientific manuscripts in 2019 and 2020, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Mayta-Tovalino
- CHANGE Research Working Group, Universidad Cientifica del Sur, Lima, Peru,Corresponding author.
| | | | - Daniel Alvitez-Temoche
- Postgraduate Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima, Peru
| | - Juan Alvítez
- Academic Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima, Peru
| | - John Barja-Ore
- Direction of Research, Universidad Privada del Norte, Lima, Peru
| | - Arnaldo Munive-Degregori
- Faculty of Systems and Computer Engineering, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Maria Eugenia Guerrero
- Academic Medical-Surgical Department, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
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Wang Y, Chen H, Long R, Jiang S, Liu B. Evaluation of Occupational Health and Safety Management of Listed Companies in China’s Energy Industry Based on the Combined Weight-Cloud Model: From the Perspective of FPE Information Disclosure. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148313. [PMID: 35886161 PMCID: PMC9318156 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Protecting labor safety and health and actively carrying out occupational safety and health management (OSHM) is a common need worldwide, and it is also one of the important efforts of Chinese enterprises under the background of promoting the implementation of the Healthy China strategy. Based on in-depth thinking on the current stage of OHSM, this study incorporated “management framework, management process, management effectiveness” (FPE) into an integrated framework and constructed an FPE evaluation system for enterprise OHSM. This study innovatively collected and refined FPE information from the perspective of information disclosure and used the combined weight cloud model to evaluate the occupational health and safety management level (OHSML) of 69 listed companies in China’s energy industry from 2009–2019. The results showed the following. (1) The OHSML of most listed companies in China’s energy industry was still at a low-end level. Among the companies that have issued relevant information reports, only 5.58% (S = 30) of the sample companies’ OHSML were at an acceptable level (Level IV) or declarable level (Level V). The OHSML comprehensive evaluation level of 92.56% (S = 498) of the sample companies was between the transitional level (Level III) and the improved level (Level II). (2) During 2009–2019, although the annual OHSML of listed companies in China’s energy industry showed an upward trend, the growth rate was low, and even the OHSML of some listed companies in the energy industry showed the characteristics of reduced fluctuations. (3) From the perspective of the PFT three-dimensional subsystem level of OHSM, the evaluation level of the governance framework subsystem was the highest, whereas the evaluation level of the management process subsystem and the management effectiveness subsystem were relatively low. Finally, according to the relevant results, some suggestions were proposed to improve the OHSML of listed companies in China’s energy industry. These findings can provide guidance for companies to improve their OSHM performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Wang
- School of Economics and Management, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030600, China;
| | - Hong Chen
- School of Business, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China;
- Institute of National Security and Green Development, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-133-7221-0769
| | - Ruyin Long
- School of Business, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China;
- Institute of National Security and Green Development, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shiyan Jiang
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; (S.J.); (B.L.)
| | - Bei Liu
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; (S.J.); (B.L.)
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Adeoye RI, Okaiyeto K, Igunnu A, Oguntibeju OO. Systematic mapping of DNAzymes research from 1995 to 2019. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 41:384-406. [PMID: 35343361 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2022.2052318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
DNAzymes (catalytic DNA) have gained significant diagnostic and therapeutic applications with increasing research output over the years. Functional oligonucleotides are used as molecular recognition elements within biosensors for detection of analytes and viral infections such as SARS-CoV-2. DNAzymes are also applied for silencing and regulating cancer specific genes. However, there has not been any report on systematic analysis to track research status, reveal hotspots, and map knowledge in this field. Therefore, in the present study, research articles on DNAzymes from 1995 to 2019 were extracted from Web of Science (SCI-Expanded) after which, 1037 articles were imported into Rstudio (version 3.6.2) and analysed accordingly. The highest number of articles was published in 2019 (n = 138), while the least was in 1995 (n = 1). The articles were published across 216 journals by 2344 authors with 2337 multi-author and 7 single authors. The most prolific authors were Li Y (n = 47), Liu J (n = 46), Wang L (n = 33), Willner I (n = 33) and Zhang L (n = 33). The top three most productive countries were China (n = 2018), USA (n = 447) and Canada (n = 251). The most productive institutions were Hunan University, China (n = 141), University of Illinois, USA (n = 139) and Fuzhou University, China (n = 101). Despite the increasing interest in this field, international collaborations between institutions were very low which requires immediate attention to mitigate challenges such as limited funding, access to facilities, and existing knowledge gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Idowu Adeoye
- Enzymology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Pure and Applied Sciences, Caleb University, Imota, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Kunle Okaiyeto
- Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Adedoyin Igunnu
- Enzymology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwafemi Omoniyi Oguntibeju
- Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa
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Wang J, Wang Q, Bao Z, Peng Y, Liu S, Yu T, Wang L, Yang G, Gao M, Sun G. The Combined Effects of Patient Activation and Relational Aspects on the Quality of Life in Atrial Fibrillation Patients. Front Psychol 2021; 12:761149. [PMID: 34867661 PMCID: PMC8636326 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.761149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to explore the influence of patient activation (PA) and relational aspects on the quality of life (QoL) in patients with Atrial Fibrillation (AF) for developing measures to improve PA and QoL. Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken in 2021 among 190 AF patients in Nanjing, China. Research instruments included a self-designed social-demographic characteristics scale, the Patient Activation Measure (PAM), the Atrial Fibrillation Effect on Quality of Life (AFEQT). The data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS 25.0. Spearman correlation analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to assess the association accordingly. Results: The average AFEQT score for the 190 AF patients was 69.32 ± 14.52. The distribution of activation Levels 1, 2, 3, and 4, were where 4.7, 34.2, 47.4, and 13.7%, respectively. The multiple linear regression analysis revealed that patient activation, work status, and cardiac rehabilitation of AF patients predicted AF-related QoL (β = 0.270, -0.205, and 0.183, respectively; all P < 0.05). The influences of PA level on subdimensions of AF-related QoL were as follows: symptoms, daily activities and treatment concern. Conclusion: The level of QoL of patients with AF was moderate. Higher levels of patient activation in those with AF were associated with milder symptoms, more positive daily activities and fewer treatment concern. Based on our findings, we suggest that healthcare personnel should encourage AF patients to take active participation in cardiac rehabilitation, disease self-management and foster progression of PA level. Future research is warranted to develop tailor-made interventions aimed at the activation level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhipeng Bao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Peng
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shenxinyu Liu
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianxi Yu
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guozhen Sun
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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