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Shahrouzi P, Forouz F, Mathelier A, Kristensen VN, Duijf PHG. Copy number alterations: a catastrophic orchestration of the breast cancer genome. Trends Mol Med 2024; 30:750-764. [PMID: 38772764 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2024.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BCa) is a prevalent malignancy that predominantly affects women around the world. Somatic copy number alterations (CNAs) are tumor-specific amplifications or deletions of DNA segments that often drive BCa development and therapy resistance. Hence, the complex patterns of CNAs complement BCa classification systems. In addition, understanding the precise contributions of CNAs is essential for tailoring personalized treatment approaches. This review highlights how tumor evolution drives the acquisition of CNAs, which in turn shape the genomic landscapes of BCas. It also discusses advanced methodologies for identifying recurrent CNAs, studying CNAs in BCa and their clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parastoo Shahrouzi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Farzaneh Forouz
- School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anthony Mathelier
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; Center for Bioinformatics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vessela N Kristensen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Division of Medicine, Department of Clinical Molecular Biology and Laboratory Science (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway; Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pascal H G Duijf
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biology, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia.
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Zhang Q, Qian F, Cai M, Liu R, Chen M, Li Z, Chen Y, Lu N. Research progress on factors affecting the sensitivity of breast cancer to radiotherapy: a narrative review. Transl Cancer Res 2024; 13:3869-3888. [PMID: 39145054 PMCID: PMC11319974 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-24-71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objective Radiation therapy (RT) is one of the important components of comprehensive treatment for breast cancer and has important value in improving the control rate of local areas, reducing the chance of recurrence and metastasis after breast cancer surgery, delaying disease progression, and improving the survival of breast cancer patients. The factors that affect the RT sensitivity of breast cancer are important. The above potential predictors of radiation efficacy can provide patients with a predictive method and therefore have significant value in clinical therapy. In this paper, we have summarised the predictive factors of radiotherapy sensitivity by reviewing recent research on breast cancer and focused on the following areas: tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), cancer stem cells, noncoding RNAs, signal transduction pathways, genes, etc. This review aims to provide theoretical basis and reference for improving the efficacy of radiotherapy and experimental individualized treatment of breast cancer. Methods We searched the Web of Science database to identify clinical studies published between 2010 and January 2024 that investigated radiotherapy sensitivity. The main findings of the validated studies were summarised. Key Content and Findings Improving the radiosensitivity of breast cancer is essential in the treatment of breast cancer. The radiosensitivity can be improved by modulating immune cells or immunomodulatory factors in the TIME, modulating signal transduction pathways, and other innovative combination therapy strategies. And we also summarized the predictive markers of breast cancer radiosensitivity. Conclusions In this paper, we reviewed the literature and summarized the newest research advances on the radiosensitivity of breast cancer patients. This review paper includes the following six aspects: the immune microenvironment, tumor stem cells, signaling pathways, regulation of gene/protein expression, small molecule drugs, and predictive markers for radiosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Fusheng Qian
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Mengjie Cai
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Ruijie Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Manping Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhitong Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Nannan Lu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Pharmaceutical Preparations and Clinical Pharmacy, Hefei, China
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Martello S, Bylicky MA, Shankavaram U, May JM, Chopra S, Sproull M, Scott KMK, Aryankalayil MJ, Coleman CN. Comparative Analysis of miRNA Expression after Whole-Body Irradiation Across Three Strains of Mice. Radiat Res 2023; 200:266-280. [PMID: 37527359 PMCID: PMC10635637 DOI: 10.1667/rade-23-00007.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Whole- or partial-body exposure to ionizing radiation damages major organ systems, leading to dysfunction on both acute and chronic timescales. Radiation medical countermeasures can mitigate acute damages and may delay chronic effects when delivered within days after exposure. However, in the event of widespread radiation exposure, there will inevitably be scarce resources with limited countermeasures to distribute among the affected population. Radiation biodosimetry is necessary to separate exposed from unexposed victims and determine those who requires the most urgent care. Blood-based, microRNA signatures have great potential for biodosimetry, but the affected population in such a situation will be genetically heterogeneous and have varying miRNA responses to radiation. Thus, there is a need to understand differences in radiation-induced miRNA expression across different genetic backgrounds to develop a robust signature. We used inbred mouse strains C3H/HeJ and BALB/c mice to determine how accurate miRNA in blood would be in developing markers for radiation vs. no radiation, low dose (1 Gy, 2 Gy) vs. high dose (4 Gy, 8 Gy), and high risk (8 Gy) vs. low risk (1 Gy, 2 Gy, 4 Gy). Mice were exposed to whole-body doses of 0 Gy, 1 Gy, 2 Gy, 4 Gy, or 8 Gy of X rays. MiRNA expression changes were identified using NanoString nCounter panels on blood RNA collected 1, 2, 3 or 7 days postirradiation. Overall, C3H/HeJ mice had more differentially expressed miRNAs across all doses and timepoints than BALB/c mice. The highest amount of differential expression occurred at days 2 and 3 postirradiation for both strains. Comparison of C3H/HeJ and BALB/c expression profiles to those previously identified in C57BL/6 mice revealed 12 miRNAs that were commonly expressed across all three strains, only one of which, miR-340-5p, displayed a consistent regulation pattern in all three miRNA data. Notably multiple Let-7 family members predicted high-dose and high-risk radiation exposure (Let-7a, Let-7f, Let-7e, Let-7g, and Let-7d). KEGG pathway analysis demonstrated involvement of these predicted miRNAs in pathways related to: Fatty acid metabolism, Lysine degradation and FoxO signaling. These findings indicate differences in the miRNA response to radiation across various genetic backgrounds, and highlights key similarities, which we exploited to discover miRNAs that predict radiation exposure. Our study demonstrates the need and the utility of including multiple animal strains in developing and validating biodosimetry diagnostic signatures. From this data, we developed highly accurate miRNA signatures capable of predicting exposed and unexposed subjects within a genetically heterogeneous population as quickly as 24 h of exposure to radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Martello
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850
| | - Michelle A. Bylicky
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850
| | - Uma Shankavaram
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850
| | - Jared M. May
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850
| | - Sunita Chopra
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850
| | - Mary Sproull
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850
| | - Kevin MK Scott
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850
| | - Molykutty J. Aryankalayil
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850
| | - C. Norman Coleman
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850
- Radiation Research Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850
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Schuster B, Hecht M, Schmidt M, Haderlein M, Jost T, Büttner-Herold M, Weber K, Denz A, Grützmann R, Hartmann A, Geinitz H, Fietkau R, Distel LV. Influence of Gender on Radiosensitivity during Radiochemotherapy of Advanced Rectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010148. [PMID: 35008311 PMCID: PMC8750676 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In radiotherapy for rectal cancer, the treatment is identical for women and men. In recent years, the question has arisen whether there are gender differences in radiochemotherapy. We have investigated, in detail, differences between men and women, especially with regard to radiation sensitivity. We found no evidence for a difference in radiosensitivity between the sexes. Nevertheless, during radiochemotherapy, women experienced increased impairments in the quality of life, which, however, are restored in the subsequent period. One possibility is an increased sensitivity of women to chemotherapy. Abstract Gender is increasingly recognized as an important factor in medicine, although it has long been neglected in medical research in many areas. We have studied the influence of gender in advanced rectal cancer with a special focus on radiosensitivity. For this purpose, we studied a cohort of 495 men (84.1% ≥ T3, 63.6% N1, 17.6%, M1) and 215 women (84.2% ≥ T3, 56.7% N1, 22.8%, M1) who all suffered from advanced rectal cancer and were treated with radiochemotherapy. The energy deposited, DNA double-strand break (dsb) repair, occurrence of chromosomal aberrations, duration of therapy, tumor regression and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, laboratory parameters, quality of life and survival were assessed. The residual DNA dsb damage 24 h after irradiation in lymphocytes was identical in both sexes. Furthermore, chromosomal aberrations accurately reflecting radiosensitivity, were similar in both sexes. There were no gender-dependent differences in tumor regression, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and outcome indicating no differences in the radiosensitivity of cancer cells. The irradiated tumor volume in women was slightly lower than in men, related to body weight, no difference was observed. However, when the total energy deposited was calculated and related to the body weight, women were exposed to higher amounts of ionizing radiation. During radiochemotherapy, decreases in blood lymphocyte counts and albumin and several quality-of-life parameters such as nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, and diarrhea were significantly worse in women. There is no difference in radiation sensitivity between men and women in both normal tissue and tumors. During radiochemotherapy, the quality of life deteriorates more in women than in men. However, women also recover quickly and there are no long-term differences in quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Schuster
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (B.S.); (M.H.); (M.S.); (M.H.); (T.J.); (R.F.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.B.-H.); (K.W.); (A.D.); (R.G.); (A.H.)
| | - Markus Hecht
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (B.S.); (M.H.); (M.S.); (M.H.); (T.J.); (R.F.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.B.-H.); (K.W.); (A.D.); (R.G.); (A.H.)
| | - Manfred Schmidt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (B.S.); (M.H.); (M.S.); (M.H.); (T.J.); (R.F.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.B.-H.); (K.W.); (A.D.); (R.G.); (A.H.)
| | - Marlen Haderlein
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (B.S.); (M.H.); (M.S.); (M.H.); (T.J.); (R.F.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.B.-H.); (K.W.); (A.D.); (R.G.); (A.H.)
| | - Tina Jost
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (B.S.); (M.H.); (M.S.); (M.H.); (T.J.); (R.F.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.B.-H.); (K.W.); (A.D.); (R.G.); (A.H.)
| | - Maike Büttner-Herold
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.B.-H.); (K.W.); (A.D.); (R.G.); (A.H.)
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Klaus Weber
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.B.-H.); (K.W.); (A.D.); (R.G.); (A.H.)
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Friedrich Alexander University, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Axel Denz
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.B.-H.); (K.W.); (A.D.); (R.G.); (A.H.)
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Friedrich Alexander University, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robert Grützmann
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.B.-H.); (K.W.); (A.D.); (R.G.); (A.H.)
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Friedrich Alexander University, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.B.-H.); (K.W.); (A.D.); (R.G.); (A.H.)
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans Geinitz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ordensklinikum Linz, Barmherzige Schwestern, 4010 Linz, Austria;
| | - Rainer Fietkau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (B.S.); (M.H.); (M.S.); (M.H.); (T.J.); (R.F.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.B.-H.); (K.W.); (A.D.); (R.G.); (A.H.)
| | - Luitpold V. Distel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (B.S.); (M.H.); (M.S.); (M.H.); (T.J.); (R.F.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.B.-H.); (K.W.); (A.D.); (R.G.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-85-32312
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