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Zhang B, Tan T, Smith DDN, Duceppe MO, Rudra B, Gupta RS, Ogunremi D. Complete genome sequence of multidrug-resistant Raoultella terrigena strain RT01-5M1 isolated from farmed salmon in Canada. Microbiol Resour Announc 2024:e0015324. [PMID: 38934593 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00153-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The genome sequence of multidrug-resistant Raoultella terrigena RT01-5M1 strain isolated from Canadian farmed salmon was determined using Oxford nanopore and Illumina MiSeq sequencers. The assembled chromosome was estimated at 5,699,993 bp in size, with two plasmids, 164,879 bp and 82,046 bp. The chromosome and smaller plasmid contained antimicrobial resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zhang
- Ottawa Laboratory Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Tianbi Tan
- Ottawa Laboratory Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Derek D N Smith
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Bashudev Rudra
- Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Radhey S Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dele Ogunremi
- Ottawa Laboratory Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Canada
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2
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Mettler SK, Charoenngam N, Colgrove RC. Clinical differences between Raoultella spp. and Klebsiella oxytoca. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1260212. [PMID: 38887491 PMCID: PMC11180880 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1260212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Raoultella spp. is a genus of bacteria that is known to be closely related to Klebsiella. It has been debated whether Raoultella should be reclassified as a subgroup of Klebsiella. The aim of this study is to compare clinical aspects of Raoultella and Klebsiella oxytoca, a species of Klebsiella that is known to be bacteriologically similar to Raoultella spp. Methods Using data collected at a tertiary care hospital in the United States, we identified 43 patients with Raoultella infection and 1173 patients with Klebsiella oxytoca infection. We compared patient demographics (age and sex), hospitalization status, isolation sites and antibiotic resistance profiles between the two species. Results There was no significant difference in patient demographics between the two bacteria species. The proportions of intensive care unit (ICU) admission were higher among patients with Raoultella infection (p=0.008). The most common site of isolation was urine for both species (39.5% of all patients with Raoultella spp. vs. 59.3% for K. oxytoca). The second most common site of isolation was blood stream for Raoultella spp. (23.3%) and respiratory tract for K. oxytoca (10.8%). Except for the high proportion of resistant isolates of Raoultella spp. for Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, the antibiotic susceptibility profiles were similar between the two bacteria species. Both were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and meropenem. Conclusion While there are no significant differences in the patient demographics and antibiotic susceptibility profiles between Raoultella spp. and K. oxytoca, Raoultella may cause more serious infection requiring ICU admissions. Also, Raoultella may cause blood stream infection more frequently than K. oxytoca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia K. Mettler
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nipith Charoenngam
- Department of Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Mahidol University, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Robert C. Colgrove
- Department of Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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3
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Brady C, Crampton B, Kaur S, Maddock D, Kile H, Arnold D, Denman S. Two novel Raoultella species associated with bleeding cankers of broadleaf hosts, Raoultella scottia sp. nov. and Raoultella lignicola sp. nov. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1386923. [PMID: 38756725 PMCID: PMC11096500 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1386923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Seventeen Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strains were isolated from bleeding cankers of various broadleaf hosts and oak rhizosphere soil in Great Britain. The strains were tentatively identified as belonging to the genus Raoultella based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA), based on four protein-encoding genes (fusA, leuS, pyrG, and rpoB), separated the strains into three clusters within the Raoultella genus clade. The majority of strains clustered with the type strain of Raoultella terrigena, with the remaining strains divided into two clusters with no known type strain. Whole genome sequencing comparisons confirmed these two clusters of strains as belonging to two novel Raoultella species which can be differentiated phenotypically from their current closest phylogenetic relatives. Therefore, two novel species are proposed: Raoultella scottia sp. nov. (type strain = BAC 10a-01-01T = LMG 33072T = CCUG 77096T) and Raoultella lignicola sp. nov. (type strain = TW_WC1a.1T = LMG 33073T = CCUG 77094T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Brady
- Centre for Research in Bioscience, College of Health, Science and Society, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Bridget Crampton
- Centre for Forest Protection, Forest Research, Farnham, United Kingdom
| | - Sundeep Kaur
- Centre for Forest Protection, Forest Research, Farnham, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Maddock
- Centre for Research in Bioscience, College of Health, Science and Society, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Helene Kile
- Centre for Research in Bioscience, College of Health, Science and Society, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Dawn Arnold
- Harper Adams University, Newport, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Denman
- Centre for Forest Protection, Forest Research, Farnham, United Kingdom
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Koti K, Rodas-Gonzalez A, Nadon C, McAllister T, Yang X, Narváez-Bravo C. Evaluating disinfectant efficacy on mixed biofilms comprising Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli, lactic acid bacteria, and spoilage microorganisms. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1360645. [PMID: 38633705 PMCID: PMC11021663 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1360645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the impact of temperature and the presence of other microorganisms on the susceptibility of STEC to biocides. Mature biofilms were formed at both 10°C and 25°C. An inoculum of planktonic bacteria comprising 106 CFU/mL of spoilage bacteria and 103 CFU/mL of a single E. coli strain (O157, O111, O103, and O12) was used to form mixed biofilms. The following bacterial combinations were tested: T1: Carnobacterium piscicola + Lactobacillus bulgaricus + STEC, T2: Comamonas koreensis + Raoultella terrigena + STEC, and T3: Pseudomonas aeruginosa + C. koreensis + STEC. Tested biocides included quaternary ammonium compounds (Quats), sodium hypochlorite (Shypo), sodium hydroxide (SHyd), hydrogen peroxide (HyP), and BioDestroy®-organic peroxyacetic acid (PAA). Biocides were applied to 6-day-old biofilms. Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations (MBC) and Biofilm Eradication Concentrations (BEC) were determined. Planktonic cells and single-species biofilms exhibited greater susceptibility to sanitizers (p < 0.0001). Lactobacillus and Carnobacterium were more susceptible than the rest of the tested bacteria (p < 0.0001). Single species biofilms formed by E. coli O111, O121, O157, and O45 showed resistance (100%) to Shypo sanitizer (200 ppm) at 25°C. From the most effective to the least effective, sanitizer performance on single-species biofilms was PAA > Quats > HyP > SHyd > Shypo. In multi-species biofilms, spoilage bacteria within T1, T2, and T3 biofilms showed elevated resistance to SHyd (30%), followed by quats (23.25%), HyP (15.41%), SHypo (9.70%), and BioDestroy® (3.42%; p < 0.0001). Within T1, T2, and T3, the combined STEC strains exhibited superior survival to Quats (23.91%), followed by HyP (19.57%), SHypo (18.12%), SHyd (16.67%), and BioDestroy® (4.35%; p < 0.0001). O157:H7-R508 strains were less tolerant to Quats and Shypo when combined with T2 and T3 (p < 0.0001). O157:H7 and O103:H2 strains in mixed biofilms T1, T2, and T3 exhibited higher biocide resistance than the weak biofilm former, O145:H2 (p < 0.0001). The study shows that STEC within multi-species biofilms' are more tolerant to disinfectants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Koti
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Celine Nadon
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Tim McAllister
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Xianqin Yang
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Lacombe, AB, Canada
| | - Claudia Narváez-Bravo
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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5
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Sitharthan D, Mitterdorfer A. Novel presentation of Raoultella planticola-induced epididymo-orchitis post gastroenteritis. Urol Case Rep 2024; 53:102684. [PMID: 38404681 PMCID: PMC10884334 DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2024.102684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This report documents the first case of Raoultella planticola epididymo-orchitis following campylobacter gastroenteritis in a 76-year-old male. Highlighting R. planticola's expanded pathogenic potential beyond common urinary tract infections, this case emphasizes its clinical significance in atypical genitourinary presentations, particularly in individuals with pre-existing conditions like diabetes mellitus and renal failure. Despite intrinsic ampicillin resistance, targeted ciprofloxacin treatment proved effective. This case underscores the necessity for broad diagnostic considerations and tailored antibiotic therapy in managing complex infections, advocating for increased awareness of emerging resistant uropathogens in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshan Sitharthan
- Discipline of Surgery, School of Health and Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Andrew Mitterdorfer
- Department of Urology, Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, Bankstown, NSW, 2200, Australia
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Opriș DR, Vacariu V, Ion AP, Szigyarto T, Arbănași EM, Russu E, Opriș MM. Rare Case of Raoultella planticola Infective Endocarditis after Mitral Valve Replacement Surgery. Diseases 2023; 11:133. [PMID: 37873777 PMCID: PMC10594412 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11040133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Infective endocarditis remains a condition associated with high morbidity and mortality, regardless of advances in diagnosis and therapeutics. The etiology, microbiology, and epidemiology of infective endocarditis have changed in the last years, with healthcare-associated infective endocarditis being responsible for a myriad of cases. Raoultella planticola is rarely the cause of infective endocarditis. We present a 72-year-old Caucasian female with a history of mitral valve replacement for rheumatic valve disease two months before the current presentation, without any immunosuppressive pathologies, diagnosed with Raoultella planticola infective endocarditis. Long-drawn antibiotic treatment led to a full recovery with no evidence of recurrence or relapse. This report highlights the importance of a multimodal approach for the diagnosis of bacterial etiology, the importance of selection and duration of an appropriate antibiotic regimen, and the presence of a rare opportunistic bacteria that has proven pathogenicity in a wide range of organ systems, usually in patients with several risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Roxana Opriș
- Emergency Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Transplantation (IUBCVT), 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Victor Vacariu
- Emergency Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Transplantation (IUBCVT), 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Alexandru Petru Ion
- George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Timea Szigyarto
- Emergency Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Transplantation (IUBCVT), 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Emil Marian Arbănași
- Clinic of Vascular Surgery, Mures County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania; (E.M.A.)
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
- Department of Vascular Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Eliza Russu
- Clinic of Vascular Surgery, Mures County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania; (E.M.A.)
- Department of Vascular Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Maria Mihaela Opriș
- Emergency Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Transplantation (IUBCVT), 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
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Lake FB, van Overbeek LS, Baars JJP, Abee T, den Besten HMW. Growth performance of Listeria monocytogenes and background microbiota from mushroom processing environments. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 395:110183. [PMID: 37001480 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Interaction between Listeria monocytogenes and resident background microbiota may occur in food processing environments and may influence the survival of this pathogen in a factory environment. Therefore the aim of this study was to characterize the growth performance of microbiota isolated from the processing environments of frozen sliced mushrooms, and to investigate the competitive performance of L. monocytogenes when co-cultured with accompanying environmental microbiota. Acinetobacter, Enterobacteriaceae, Lactococcus and Pseudomonas were the most prominent background microbiota isolated from the processing environment of frozen sliced mushrooms. All individual microbiota strains were able to grow and form biofilm in filter-sterilized mushroom medium, with the mannitol-consumers Raoultella and Ewingella as top performers, reaching up to 9.6 and 9.8 log CFU/mL after 48 h incubation at room temperature. When L. monocytogenes mushroom isolates were co-cultured with the microbiota strains, L. monocytogenes counts ranged from 7.6 to 8.9 log CFU/mL after 24 h of incubation, while counts of the microbiota strains ranged from 5.5 to 9.0 log CFU/mL. Prolonged incubation up to 48 h resulted in further increase of L. monocytogenes counts when co-cultured with non-acidifying species Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter reaching 9.1 to 9.2 log CFU/mL, while a decrease of L. monocytogenes counts reaching 5.8 to 7.7 log CFU/mL was observed in co-culture with Enterobacteriaceae and acidifying Lactococcus representatives. In addition, L. monocytogenes grew also in spent mushroom media of the microbiota strains, except in acidified spent media of Lactococcus strains. These results highlight the competitive ability of L. monocytogenes during co-incubation with microbiota in fresh and in spent mushroom medium, indicative of its invasion and persistence capacity in food processing factory environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank B Lake
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Leo S van Overbeek
- Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Johan J P Baars
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tjakko Abee
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Heidy M W den Besten
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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8
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Gómez-Sanz E, Bagutti C, Roth JA, Alt Hug M, García-Martín AB, Maurer Pekerman L, Schindler R, Furger R, Eichenberger L, Steffen I, Egli A, Hübner P, Stadler T, Aguilar-Bultet L, Tschudin-Sutter S. Spatiotemporal dissemination of ESBL-producing Enterobacterales in municipal sewer systems: a prospective, longitudinal study in the city of Basel, Switzerland. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1174336. [PMID: 37250050 PMCID: PMC10213686 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1174336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The contribution of community and hospital sources to the transmission of extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE) remains elusive. Aim To investigate the extent of community dissemination and the contribution of hospitals to the spread of ESBL-PE by exploring their spatiotemporal distribution in municipal wastewater of the central European city of Basel. Methods Wastewater samples were collected monthly for two consecutive years throughout Basel, Switzerland, including 21 sites across 10 postcode areas of the city collecting either community wastewater (urban sites, n = 17) or community and hospital wastewater (mixed sites, n = 4). Presumptive ESBL-PE were recovered by selective culture methods. Standard methodologies were applied for species identification, ESBL-confirmation, and quantification. Results Ninety-five percent (477/504) of samples were positive for ESBL-PE. Among these isolates, Escherichia coli (85%, 1,140/1,334) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (11%, 153/1,334) were most common. They were recovered throughout the sampling period from all postcodes, with E. coli consistently predominating. The proportion of K. pneumoniae isolates was higher in wastewater samples from mixed sites as compared to samples from urban sites, while the proportion of E. coli was higher in samples from urban sites (p = 0.003). Higher numbers of colony forming units (CFUs) were recovered from mixed as compared to urban sites (median 3.2 × 102 vs. 1.6 × 102 CFU/mL). E. coli-counts showed moderate correlation with population size (rho = 0.44), while this correlation was weak for other ESBL-PE (rho = 0.21). Conclusion ESBL-PE are widely spread in municipal wastewater supporting that community sources are important reservoirs entertaining the spread of ESBL-PE. Hospital-influenced abundance of ESBL-PE appears to be species dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gómez-Sanz
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Jan A. Roth
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Ana B. García-Martín
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Maurer Pekerman
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ruth Schindler
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Reto Furger
- State Laboratory Basel-City, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Adrian Egli
- Applied Microbiology Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Tanja Stadler
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lisandra Aguilar-Bultet
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Tschudin-Sutter
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Prevalence and Characterization of Beta-Lactam and Carbapenem-Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Organic Fresh Produce Retailed in Eastern Spain. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020387. [PMID: 36830297 PMCID: PMC9952115 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Fresh fruits and vegetables are potential reservoirs for antimicrobial resistance determinants, but few studies have focused specifically on organic vegetables. The present study aimed to determine the presence of third-generation cephalosporin (3GC)- and carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria on fresh organic vegetables produced in the city of Valencia (Spain). Main expanded spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)- and carbapenemase-encoding genes were also detected in the isolates. One hundred and fifteen samples were analyzed using selective media supplemented with cefotaxime and meropenem. Resistance assays for twelve relevant antibiotics in medical use were performed using a disc diffusion test. A total of 161 isolates were tested. Overall, 33.5% presented multidrug resistance and 16.8% were resistant to all β-lactam antibiotics tested. Imipenem resistance was observed in 18% of isolates, and low resistance levels were found to ceftazidime and meropenem. Opportunistic pathogens such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterobacter spp., Raoultella sp., and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were detected, all presenting high rates of resistance. PCR assays revealed blaVIM to be the most frequently isolated ESBL-encoding gene, followed by blaTEM and blaOXA-48. These results confirm the potential of fresh vegetables to act as reservoirs for 3GC- and carbapenem-producing ARB. Further studies must be carried out to determine the impact of raw organic food on the spread of AMRs into the community.
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Etani T, Kondo S, Yanase T, Morikawa T, Aoki M, Gonda M, Tomiyama N, Nagai T, Iida K, Iwatsuki S, Taguchi K, Naiki T, Hamamoto S, Okada A, Kawai N, Nakamura A, Yasui T. Clinical characteristics of Raoultella ornithinolytica bacteremia and antimicrobial susceptibility of Raoultellaornithinolytica. J Infect Chemother 2023; 29:554-557. [PMID: 36738858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2023.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Raoultella ornithinolytica (R. ornithinolytica) is a gram-negative rod that was considered related to Klebsiella oxytoca and was classified as R. ornithinolytica in 2001. R. ornithinolytica is known as a histamine-producing bacterium that causes mackerel poisoning. Although only few clinical cases of R. ornithinolytica infection in humans have been reported, the number of diagnosed cases is expected to increase owing to the advancements in identification methods. In the present study, we performed a retrospective analysis of cases of R. ornithinolytica infection detected at our hospital. From September 2019 to July 2021, 62 specimens positive for R. ornithinolytica were obtained after removing duplicates. The clinical courses of these cases were investigated retrospectively based on electronic medical records. Of the 62 specimens, 24 were sputum, 19 were urine, three were stool, six were blood, four were bile, and six were other specimens. All the six blood culture specimens in which R. ornithinolytica was detected were from male patients, and the causative diseases were cholangitis in four cases and complicated pyelonephritis in two cases. Of these, two patients with cholangitis succumbed to death due to the worsening of underlying cancer. Identification of R. ornithinolytica is reportedly difficult, and some instruments may misidentify it as Klebsiella oxytoca. The prognosis of R. ornithinolytica infection has been reported to be good when susceptible drugs are used. However, high mortality rates were also reported despite the use of these drugs, suggesting the need for further investigation of clinical features of R. ornithinolytica infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Etani
- Department of Nephro-urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Shuhei Kondo
- Division of Infection Prevention & Control, Nagoya City University Hospital, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Yanase
- Department of Nephro-urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Toshiharu Morikawa
- Department of Nephro-urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Maria Aoki
- Department of Nephro-urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Masakazu Gonda
- Department of Nephro-urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Nami Tomiyama
- Department of Nephro-urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Takashi Nagai
- Department of Nephro-urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Keitaro Iida
- Department of Nephro-urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Shoichiro Iwatsuki
- Department of Nephro-urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Kazumi Taguchi
- Department of Nephro-urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Taku Naiki
- Department of Nephro-urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Shuzo Hamamoto
- Department of Nephro-urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Okada
- Department of Nephro-urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Noriyasu Kawai
- Department of Nephro-urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Nakamura
- Division of Infection Prevention & Control, Nagoya City University Hospital, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Yasui
- Department of Nephro-urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan.
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11
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Goggins A, Lykins J, Aston A, Shaw J. Acute cholecystitis secondary to Raoultella ornithinolytica infection, complicated by sepsis, gallbladder perforation, hepatic abscess and bacteraemia. BMJ Case Rep 2022; 15:e250766. [PMID: 36581355 PMCID: PMC9806088 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-250766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, a case of an immunocompromised patient in his early 70s is discussed who presented with clinical signs and symptoms compatible with sepsis from an intra-abdominal source and who was found to have blood cultures positive for the encapsulated Gram-negative pathogen Raoultella ornithinolytica, with the source of infection determined, via imaging, to be a case of acute cholecystitis complicated by gallbladder perforation, multiple pericholecystic and hepatic abscesses, and persistent bacteraemia. To our knowledge, this represents the first described case of cholecystitis and gallbladder perforation directly attributed to this species, and highlights both the pathogen's capacity to cause severe disease as well as the utility of a multidisciplinary approach to achieve optimal patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Goggins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Joseph Lykins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Emergency Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Adam Aston
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jawaid Shaw
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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12
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Zhang Y, Feng S, Gao F, Wen H, Zhu L, Li M, Xi Y, Xiang X. The Relationship between Brachionus calyciflorus-Associated Bacterial and Bacterioplankton Communities in a Subtropical Freshwater Lake. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223201. [PMID: 36428428 PMCID: PMC9686566 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Zooplankton bodies are organic-rich micro-environments that support fast bacterial growth. Therefore, the abundance of zooplankton-associated bacteria is much higher than that of free-living bacteria, which has profound effects on the nutrient cycling of freshwater ecosystems. However, a detailed analysis of associated bacteria is still less known, especially the relationship between those bacteria and bacterioplankton. In this study, we analyzed the relationships between Brachionus calyciflorus-associated bacterial and bacterioplankton communities in freshwater using high-throughput sequencing. The results indicated that there were significant differences between the two bacterial communities, with only 29.47% sharing OTUs. The alpha diversity of the bacterioplankton community was significantly higher than that of B. calyciflorus-associated bacteria. PCoA analysis showed that the bacterioplankton community gathered deeply, while the B. calyciflorus-associated bacterial community was far away from the whole bacterioplankton community, and the distribution was relatively discrete. CCA analysis suggested that many environmental factors (T, DO, pH, TP, PO43-, NH4+, and NO3-) regulated the community composition of B. calyciflorus-associated bacteria, but the explanatory degree of variability was only 37.80%. High-throughput sequencing revealed that Raoultella and Delftia in Proteobacteria were the dominant genus in the B. calyciflorus-associated bacterial community, and closely related to the biodegradation function. Moreover, several abundant bacterial members participating in carbon and nitrogen cycles were found in the associated bacterial community by network analysis. Predictive results from FAPROTAX showed that the predominant biogeochemical cycle functions of the B. calyciflorus-associated bacterial community were plastic degradation, chemoheterotrophy, and aerobic chemoheterotrophy. Overall, our study expands the current understanding of zooplankton-bacteria interaction and promotes the combination of two different research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhi Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Sen Feng
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Fan Gao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Hao Wen
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Lingyun Zhu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Meng Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Yilong Xi
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-Founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Xianling Xiang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-Founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, Wuhu 241002, China
- Correspondence: author:
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13
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Nearly Complete Genome Sequence of Raoultella ornithinolytica Strain MQB_Silv_108, Carrying an Uncommon Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-like blaBEL Gene. Microbiol Resour Announc 2022; 11:e0101222. [PMID: 36314936 PMCID: PMC9670947 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01012-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Raoultella ornithinolytica has become increasingly important in human diseases. Here, we report the nearly complete genome sequence of a multidrug-resistant strain, R. ornithinolytica MQB_Silv_108, which was isolated from the effluent from a domestic wastewater treatment plant in Spain. Therefore, its release into the environment poses a possible exposure risk for humans and animals.
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14
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Doherty G, Kreinces J, Souza F, Kim DE. Chronic cholecystitis from Raoultella planticola infection associated with adenomyomatous hyperplasia. J Surg Case Rep 2022; 2022:rjac529. [DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjac529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
A 67-year-old woman presented with lower abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting and fatigue. Computed tomography was suggestive of cholecystitis, but neither ultrasound nor magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography found evidence of cholecystitis or biliary ductal dilatation. The patient was started on piperacillin-tazobactam, and blood cultures revealed gram-negative-rod bacteremia. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed and bile cultures grew Raoultella planticola susceptible to ciprofloxacin, which was identical to the speciation of her positive blood cultures. In addition, pathology revealed adenomyomatous hyperplasia of the gallbladder and chronic cholecystitis. Unlike other cases of R. planticola cholecystitis, our patient had no significant risk factors for the infection—no history of immunosuppression, diabetes mellitus, nor underlying malignancy. We discuss the current knowledge of R. planticola infection in the setting of chronic cholecystitis and adenomyomatous hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Doherty
- Department of Medicine, Greenwich Hospital, Yale New Haven Health System , Greenwich, CT , USA
| | - Jason Kreinces
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Westchester Medical Center , Valhalla, NY , USA
| | - Fabiola Souza
- Department of Pathology, Greenwich Hospital, Yale New Haven Health System , Greenwich, CT , USA
| | - Daniel E Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine , New Haven, CT , USA
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15
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Characterization of Microbial Shifts during the Production and Ripening of Raw Ewe Milk-Derived Idiazabal Cheese by High-Throughput Sequencing. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050769. [PMID: 35625497 PMCID: PMC9138791 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Idiazabal is a traditional cheese produced from raw ewe milk in the Basque Country (Southwestern Europe). The sensory properties of raw milk cheeses have been attributed, among other factors, to microbial shifts that occur during the production and ripening processes. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing technologies to investigate the microbiota of Latxa ewe raw milk and the dynamics during cheese production and ripening processes. The microbiota of raw milk was composed of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), environmental bacteria and non-desirable bacteria. Throughout the cheese making and ripening processes, the growth of LAB was promoted, whereas that of non-desirable and environmental bacteria was inhibited. Moreover, some genera not reported previously in raw ewe milk were detected and clear differences were observed in the bacterial composition of raw milk and cheese among producers, in relation to LAB and environmental or non-desirable bacteria, some of which could be attributed to the production of flavour related compounds. Abstract In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing technologies (sequencing of V3–V4 hypervariable regions of 16S rRNA gene) to investigate for the first time the microbiota of Latxa ewe raw milk and the bacterial shifts that occur during the production and ripening of Idiazabal cheese. Results revealed several bacterial genera not reported previously in raw ewe milk and cheese, such as Buttiauxella and Obesumbacterium. Both the cheese making and ripening processes had a significant impact on bacterial communities. Overall, the growth of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Enterococcus, Streptococcus and Carnobacterium) was promoted, whereas that of non-desirable and environmental bacteria was inhibited (such as Pseudomonas and Clostridium). However, considerable differences were observed among producers. It is noteworthy that the starter LAB (Lactococcus) predominated up to 30 or 60 days of ripening and then, the growth of non-starter LAB (Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Enterococcus and Streptococcus) was promoted. Moreover, in some cases, bacteria related to the production of volatile compounds (such as Hafnia, Brevibacterium and Psychrobacter) also showed notable abundance during the first few weeks of ripening. Overall, the results of this study enhance our understanding of microbial shifts that occur during the production and ripening of a raw ewe milk-derived cheese (Idiazabal), and could indicate that the practices adopted by producers have a great impact on the microbiota and final quality of this cheese.
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Goodman DT, Murphy D, Dorairaj J. Case Study: Soft Tissue Infection with Raoultella ornithinolytica. JPRAS Open 2022; 33:17-20. [PMID: 35633992 PMCID: PMC9133572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpra.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Raoultella ornithinolytica is a rare encapsulated Gram-negative aerobic and facultative anaerobic rod belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family. It tends to inhabit water and soil environments and can be found on insects, fish, ticks, and termites, but can also found in the hospital environment.1,2R ornithinolytica has been documented in respiratory, urinary, gastrointestinal, and biliary tract infections as well as bacteraemia and systemic infections but has rarely been documented in soft tissue infections.2 This case study describes a recurrent paronychia infection secondary to R ornithinolytica in a young woman not responding to antibiotics and successfully treated with surgical management.
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Valiatti TB, Santos FF, Nunes PHS, Streling AP, Veiga R, Cayô R, Gales AC, Gomes TAT. Decreased susceptibility to imipenem and ceftazidime in early virulent Raoultella spp. strains retrieved from human intestinal infections. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:785-789. [PMID: 35138632 PMCID: PMC9151967 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00699-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Raoultella spp. is comprised of four species, namely, R. electrica, R. ornithinolytica, R. planticola, and R. terrigena, which are rarely reported to cause infections in humans. This study aimed to characterize six strains of Raoultella spp. isolated from stool samples from patients with diarrhea. The strains included in the study were previously identified by biochemical methods as K. pneumoniae, during a surveillance study conducted in 1987. In the present study, the strains were re-identified by MALDI TOF and 16S rRNA sequencing and subsequently subjected to virulence gene screening by PCR, hemolytic activity, biofilm formation, hypermucoviscosity phenotype, capacity to interact with Caco-2 cells, and antimicrobial susceptibility test. Our results revealed that, among the six strains, three were identified as R. ornithinolytica and three as R. planticola. The genes related to iron uptake systems (aero1, aero2, iutA, entB, and ybtS) and adhesin (mrkD) were found in all strains. Furthermore, all strains demonstrated the ability to interact in vitro with Caco-2 cells and form biofilms. In general, the strains studied were sensitive to the antimicrobials tested; however, it was possible to observe high MICs for imipenem compared to ertapenem and meropenem and high minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for ceftazidime, except for one strain. Our results show the occurrence of virulent strains of Raoultella spp. with high MICs for imipenem and ceftazidime causing diarrhea. We hope that our findings can contribute to the understanding of the evolution of this species since, as far as we know, these are the oldest isolates reported so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Barcelos Valiatti
- Laboratório Experimental de Patogenicidade de Enterobactérias (LEPE), Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia (DMIP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil. .,Laboratório Alerta, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Fernandes Santos
- Laboratório Experimental de Patogenicidade de Enterobactérias (LEPE), Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia (DMIP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP Brazil ,Present Address: Laboratório Alerta, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Soares Nunes
- Laboratório Experimental de Patogenicidade de Enterobactérias (LEPE), Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia (DMIP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Streling
- Present Address: Laboratório Alerta, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Ruanita Veiga
- Present Address: Laboratório Alerta, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Cayô
- Present Address: Laboratório Alerta, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP Brazil ,Laboratório de Imunologia e Microbiologia (LIB), Setor de Biologia Molecular, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Instituto de Ciências Ambientais Químicas e Farmacêuticas (ICAQF), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, SP Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Gales
- Present Address: Laboratório Alerta, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Tânia Aparecida Tardelli Gomes
- Laboratório Experimental de Patogenicidade de Enterobactérias (LEPE), Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia (DMIP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Tayo A, Nyame K. Sepsis From Multisystem Infection With Multidrug-Resistant Raoultella ornithinolytica. Cureus 2022; 14:e20975. [PMID: 35154953 PMCID: PMC8816680 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Raoultella (R.) ornithinolytica is a gram-negative, encapsulated aerobe or facultative anaerobe belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae. It is distinguished from other members in the family with a negative indole test, growth at 10oC, production of histamine, a negative D-melezitose test, and metabolism of ornithine. R. ornithinolytica is a versatile organism found in different habitats, including soil, water, and plants, as well as colonizing the human gastrointestinal tract and throat. It was considered to cause opportunistic infection in humans but is increasingly being implicated in infections in immunocompetent individuals. Raoultella ornithinolytica causes infection in different clinical settings. Sepsis from Raoultella ornithinolytica is increasing among humans, and it is considered an emerging infectious agent in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent people. There is an increasing level of antibiotic resistance among isolates with reports of multidrug resistance. We report the case of a 95-year-old man with multidrug-resistant R. ornithinolytica multisystem infection and review the literature.
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