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Jiao H, Kalsbeek A, Yi CX. Microglia, circadian rhythm and lifestyle factors. Neuropharmacology 2024; 257:110029. [PMID: 38852838 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Microglia, a vital homeostasis-keeper of the central nervous system, perform critical functions such as synaptic pruning, clearance of cellular debris, and participation in neuroinflammatory processes. Recent research has shown that microglia exhibit strong circadian rhythms that not only actively regulate their own immune activity, but also affect neuronal function. Disruptions of the circadian clock have been linked to a higher risk of developing a variety of diseases. In this article we will provide an overview of how lifestyle factors impact microglial function, with a focus on disruptions caused by irregular sleep-wake patterns, reduced physical activity, and eating at the wrong time-of-day. We will also discuss the potential connection between these lifestyle factors, disrupted circadian rhythms, and the role of microglia in keeping brain health. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Microglia".
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Jiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Chun-Xia Yi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Pereira V, Barreiros-Mota I, Cortez F, Castela I, Teixeira D, Calhau C, Camila Dias C, Moreira-Rosário A, Silvestre MP. A randomized controlled trial of a weight loss maintenance program in adults with obesity: the WLM3P study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2024; 78:694-702. [PMID: 38844671 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-024-01454-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The escalating obesity epidemic necessitates effective, sustainable weight loss (WL) and maintenance strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Weight Loss Maintenance 3 Phases Program (WLM3P) in achieving a clinically significant long-term weight loss (WL) (≥5% initial WL at 18 months) in adults with obesity compared to a standard low-carbohydrate diet (LCD). SUBJECTS/METHODS In this two-phase trial, 112 participants targeting initial WL (0-6 months) and subsequent maintenance (7-18 months) were randomly assigned to either WLM3P or LCD groups. Outcomes assessed included change in body weight (kg, %), improvements in body composition, and metabolic profile. RESULTS Of 112 randomized participants, 69% (n = 77) completed the study. At 18 months, WL in the WLM3P group (n = 40) was 15.5 ± 8.3% compared to 9.6 ± 8.5% in the LCD group (n = 37) (p < 0.001). The odds ratio of achieving WL ≥ 10% and ≥15% were significantly higher in the WLM3P group. Complete-case analysis revealed significantly greater improvements in BMI, body fat mass, visceral fat area, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, HDL, and triglyceride/HDL ratio in WLM3P than in LCD. No serious adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION Both programs effectively promoted clinically relevant WL and its maintenance. However, the WLM3P program was more successful in helping participants achieve greater WL targets of ≥10% and ≥15%, along with other clinical benefits, after an 18-month intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04192357.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Pereira
- NOVA Medical School, Faculty of Medical Sciences, NMS, FMC, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Nutrition Department Farmodiética, Farmodiética, 2785-723, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inês Barreiros-Mota
- NOVA Medical School, Faculty of Medical Sciences, NMS, FMC, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- CHRC, NOVA Medical School, Faculty of Medical Sciences, NMS, FMC, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filipa Cortez
- Nutrition Department Farmodiética, Farmodiética, 2785-723, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Castela
- NOVA Medical School, Faculty of Medical Sciences, NMS, FMC, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- CHRC, NOVA Medical School, Faculty of Medical Sciences, NMS, FMC, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Diana Teixeira
- NOVA Medical School, Faculty of Medical Sciences, NMS, FMC, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- CHRC, NOVA Medical School, Faculty of Medical Sciences, NMS, FMC, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, NOVA Medical School, Faculty of Medical Sciences, NMS, FMC, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Conceição Calhau
- NOVA Medical School, Faculty of Medical Sciences, NMS, FMC, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- CHRC, NOVA Medical School, Faculty of Medical Sciences, NMS, FMC, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Camila Dias
- Knowledge Management Unit, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - André Moreira-Rosário
- NOVA Medical School, Faculty of Medical Sciences, NMS, FMC, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
- CINTESIS@RISE, NOVA Medical School, Faculty of Medical Sciences, NMS, FMC, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Marta P Silvestre
- NOVA Medical School, Faculty of Medical Sciences, NMS, FMC, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
- CINTESIS@RISE, NOVA Medical School, Faculty of Medical Sciences, NMS, FMC, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Jang KW, Kim YS, Kim MJ, Kim SR, Lee DW, Lee SB, Kim IY. Time-restricted feeding protects against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in mice. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2024; 43:444-456. [PMID: 38934035 PMCID: PMC11237335 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.23.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Time-restricted feeding (TRF), devoid of calorie restriction, is acknowledged for promoting metabolic health and mitigating various chronic metabolic diseases. While TRF exhibits widespread benefits across multiple tissues, there is limited exploration into its impact on kidney function. In this study, our aim was to investigate the potential ameliorative effects of TRF on kidney damage in a mouse model of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). METHODS Cisplatin-induced AKI was induced through intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin into C57BL/6 male mice. Mice undergoing TRF were provided unrestricted access to standard chow daily but were confined to an 8-hour feeding window during the dark cycle for 2 weeks before cisplatin injection. The mice were categorized into four groups: control, TRF, cisplatin, and TRF + cisplatin. RESULTS The tubular damage score and serum creatinine levels were significantly lower in the TRF + cisplatin group compared to the cisplatin group. The TRF + cisplatin group exhibited reduced expression of phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa B, inflammatory cytokines, and F4/80-positive macrophages compared to the cisplatin group. Furthermore, oxidative stress markers for DNA, protein, and lipid were markedly decreased in the TRF + cisplatin group compared to the cisplatin group. TUNEL-positive tubular cells, cleaved caspase-3 expression, and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in the TRF + cisplatin group were lower than those in the cisplatin group. CONCLUSION TRF, without calorie restriction, effectively mitigated kidney damage by suppressing inflammatory reactions, oxidative stress, and tubular apoptosis in a mouse model of cisplatin-induced AKI. TRF holds promise as a novel dietary intervention for preventing cisplatin-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Won Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Suk Kim
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jeong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Rin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Bong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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Sandri E, Borghesi D, Cantín Larumbe E, Cerdá Olmedo G, Vega-Bello MJ, Bernalte Martí V. Intermittent Fasting: Socio-Economic Profile of Spanish Citizens Who Practice It and the Influence of This Dietary Pattern on the Health and Lifestyle Habits of the Population. Nutrients 2024; 16:2028. [PMID: 38999776 PMCID: PMC11243379 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF) is a dietary approach that has gained popularity in recent years. More and more Spanish people are following this eating pattern, which consists of alternating periods of fasting with periods of food intake. Its benefits include improved metabolic and vascular health and weight loss. OBJECTIVES 1. To study the prevalence of IF among the Spanish population. 2. To explore how demographic factors influence the choice to adopt this dietary approach. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on the Spanish population using the NutSo-HH questionnaire, which was constructed, validated, and disseminated by the research team through a non-probabilistic snowball sampling approach, collecting socio-demographic data and nutritional, social and lifestyle habits of the population. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS A valid sample of 22,181 people participated, of whom 4.59% (n = 1018) said they practiced IF. The data show that more middle-aged men than women practice IF. In addition, individuals who follow IF methods are less likely to have no control over their food intake, are less scared to gain weight and have a higher body image, but no differences were found related to unhealthy food and nights out. There were also no significant differences in terms of the level of education, income, size of municipality, or region of residence. In conclusion, a person who practices IF seems to have adopted a healthier lifestyle and social habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Sandri
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Quevedo, 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (E.S.); (G.C.O.)
- Doctoral School, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Quevedo 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniele Borghesi
- Master’s Degree in Data Science and Business Informatics, University of Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Eva Cantín Larumbe
- Degree in Data Science, Polytechnical University of Valencia, Camí de Vera, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Germán Cerdá Olmedo
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Quevedo, 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (E.S.); (G.C.O.)
| | - María Jesús Vega-Bello
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Quevedo, 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (E.S.); (G.C.O.)
| | - Vicente Bernalte Martí
- Predepartmental Nursing Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jaume I University, Avda. Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain;
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Zafar MI, Chen X. Effects of Calorie Restriction on Preserving Male Fertility Particularly in a State of Obesity. Curr Obes Rep 2024; 13:256-274. [PMID: 38489002 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-024-00557-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Highlight the importance of exploring nutritional interventions that could be applied as alternative or supplementary therapeutic strategies to enhance men's fertility. RECENT FINDINGS Lifestyle choices have prompted extensive discussions regarding its implications and applications as a complementary therapy. The growing concern over the decline in sperm quality underscores the urgency of investigating these alternative interventions. Calorie restriction (CR) has emerged as a promising strategy to improve male fertility. The efficacy of CR depends on factors like age, ethnicity and genetics. Clinical studies, such as CALERIE, have shown an improvement in serum testosterone level and sexual drive in men with or without obesity. Additionally, CR has been shown to positively impact sperm count and motility; however, its effects on sperm morphology and DNA fragmentation remain less clear, and the literature has shown discrepancies, mainly due to the nature of technically dependent assessment tools. The review advocates a personalized approach to CR, considering individual health profiles to maximize its benefits. It underscores the need for routine, accessible diagnostic techniques in male reproductive health. It suggests that future research should focus on personalized dietary interventions to improve male fertility and overall well-being in individuals with or without obesity and unravel CR's immediate and lasting effects on semen parameters in men without obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ishraq Zafar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, N1 Shangcheng Avenue, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, N1 Shangcheng Avenue, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China.
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Cadena-Ullauri S, Guevara-Ramírez P, Ruiz-Pozo VA, Tamayo-Trujillo R, Paz-Cruz E, Zambrano-Villacres R, Simancas-Racines D, Zambrano AK. The effect of intermittent fasting on microbiota as a therapeutic approach in obesity. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1393292. [PMID: 38725575 PMCID: PMC11079193 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1393292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a public health challenge, arises from a complex interplay of factors such as dietary habits and genetic predisposition. Alterations in gut microbiota, characterized by an imbalance between Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, further exacerbate metabolic dysregulation, promoting inflammation and metabolic disturbances. Intermittent fasting (IF) emerges as a promising dietary strategy showing efficacy in weight management and favoring fat utilization. Studies have used mice as animal models to demonstrate the impact of IF on gut microbiota composition, highlighting enhanced metabolism and reduced inflammation. In humans, preliminary evidence suggests that IF promotes a healthy microbiota profile, with increased richness and abundance of beneficial bacterial strains like Lactobacillus and Akkermansia. However, further clinical trials are necessary to validate these findings and elucidate the long-term effects of IF on microbiota and obesity. Future research should focus on specific tissues and cells, the use of advanced -omics techniques, and exploring the interaction of IF with other dietary patterns, to analyze microbiota composition, gene expression, and potential synergistic effects for enhanced metabolic health. While preliminary evidence supports the potential benefits of IF in obesity management and microbiota regulation, further research with diverse populations and robust methodologies is necessary to understand its implications and optimize personalized dietary interventions. This review explores the potential impact of IF on gut microbiota and its intricate relationship with obesity. Specifically, we will focus on elucidating the underlying mechanisms through which IF affects microbiota composition, as well as its subsequent effects on obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Cadena-Ullauri
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Patricia Guevara-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Viviana A. Ruiz-Pozo
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Rafael Tamayo-Trujillo
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Elius Paz-Cruz
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Daniel Simancas-Racines
- Centro de Investigación de Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC), Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ana Karina Zambrano
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
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Qiu Z, Huang EYZ, Li Y, Xiao Y, Fu Y, Du J, Kan J. Beneficial effects of time-restricted fasting on cardiovascular disease risk factors: a meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:210. [PMID: 38627656 PMCID: PMC11020908 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03863-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease continues to be a leading cause of mortality worldwide, highlighting the need to explore innovative approaches to improve cardiovascular health outcomes. Time-restricted fasting (TRF) is a dietary intervention that involves limiting the time window for food consumption. It has gained attention for its potential benefits on metabolic health and weight management. This study aims to investigate the impact of TRF on key risk factors, including body weight, glucose metabolism, blood pressure, and lipid profile. METHODS We conducted a systematic search in five databases (Scopus, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science) for relevant studies up to January 2023. After applying inclusion criteria, 12 studies were eligible for analysis. Quality assessment was conducted using the ROB-2.0 tool and ROBINS-I. Risk of bias was mapped using Revman 5.3, and data analysis included Hartung-Knapp adjustment using R 4.2.2. RESULTS The group that underwent the TRF intervention exhibited a significant decrease in body weight (SMD: -0.22; 95%CI: -0.41, -0.04; P < 0.05) and fat mass (SMD: -0.19; 95%CI: -0.36, -0.02; P < 0.05), while maintaining lean mass (SMD: -0.09; 95%CI: -0.08, 0.26; P > 0.05). CONCLUSION TRF has shown potential as a treatment strategy for reducing total body weight by targeting adipose tissue, with potential improvements in cardiometabolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqi Qiu
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida WaiLong, Taipa, 999078, Macau, China
| | | | - Yufei Li
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida WaiLong, Taipa, 999078, Macau, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida WaiLong, Taipa, 999078, Macau, China
| | - Yancheng Fu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jun Du
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Juntao Kan
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, China.
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Herz D, Karl S, Weiß J, Zimmermann P, Haupt S, Zimmer RT, Schierbauer J, Wachsmuth NB, Erlmann MP, Niedrist T, Khoramipour K, Voit T, Rilstone S, Sourij H, Moser O. Effects of Different Types of Intermittent Fasting Interventions on Metabolic Health in Healthy Individuals (EDIF): A Randomised Trial with a Controlled-Run in Phase. Nutrients 2024; 16:1114. [PMID: 38674802 PMCID: PMC11054438 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The effects of intermittent fasting (IF) on health promotion in the healthy population remain controversial. Therefore, our study aimed to analyse the efficacy and feasibility of different IF protocols and evaluated the effects within a cohort with a controlled-run in phase on the body mass index (BMI) as the primary outcome, the body composition, and metabolic and haematological markers in healthy participants. A total of 25 individuals were randomised into three fasting groups: 16/8 fasting (n = 11), 20/4 fasting (n = 6), and alternate-day fasting (ADF, n = 8). Assessments were conducted at baseline (visit 1), after a four-week controlled-run in phase (visit 2), and after eight weeks of fasting (visit 3). Both the BMI (p = 0.01) and bodyweight (p = 0.01) were significantly reduced in the ADF group, which was not seen in the 16/8 and 20/4 groups (p > 0.05). Adherence was different but not statistically among the groups (16/8: 84.5 ± 23.0%; 20/4: 92.7 ± 9.5%; and ADF: 78.1 ± 33.5%, p = 0.57). Based on our obtained results, the data suggest that some fasting interventions might be promising for metabolic health. However, adherence to the specific fasting protocols remains challenging even for the healthy population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Herz
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (D.H.); (S.K.); (J.W.); (P.Z.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (J.S.); (N.B.W.); (M.P.E.); (T.V.); (S.R.)
| | - Sebastian Karl
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (D.H.); (S.K.); (J.W.); (P.Z.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (J.S.); (N.B.W.); (M.P.E.); (T.V.); (S.R.)
| | - Johannes Weiß
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (D.H.); (S.K.); (J.W.); (P.Z.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (J.S.); (N.B.W.); (M.P.E.); (T.V.); (S.R.)
| | - Paul Zimmermann
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (D.H.); (S.K.); (J.W.); (P.Z.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (J.S.); (N.B.W.); (M.P.E.); (T.V.); (S.R.)
- Department of Cardiology, Klinikum Bamberg, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center of Sportsmedicine Bamberg, Klinikum Bamberg, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Haupt
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (D.H.); (S.K.); (J.W.); (P.Z.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (J.S.); (N.B.W.); (M.P.E.); (T.V.); (S.R.)
- Faculty of Life Science—Food, Nutrition & Health, Chair of Molecular Exercise Physiology, University of Bayreuth, 95326 Kulmbach, Germany
| | - Rebecca Tanja Zimmer
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (D.H.); (S.K.); (J.W.); (P.Z.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (J.S.); (N.B.W.); (M.P.E.); (T.V.); (S.R.)
| | - Janis Schierbauer
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (D.H.); (S.K.); (J.W.); (P.Z.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (J.S.); (N.B.W.); (M.P.E.); (T.V.); (S.R.)
| | - Nadine Bianca Wachsmuth
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (D.H.); (S.K.); (J.W.); (P.Z.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (J.S.); (N.B.W.); (M.P.E.); (T.V.); (S.R.)
| | - Maximilian Paul Erlmann
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (D.H.); (S.K.); (J.W.); (P.Z.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (J.S.); (N.B.W.); (M.P.E.); (T.V.); (S.R.)
| | - Tobias Niedrist
- Clinical Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Kayvan Khoramipour
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 76198-13159, Iran;
| | - Thomas Voit
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (D.H.); (S.K.); (J.W.); (P.Z.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (J.S.); (N.B.W.); (M.P.E.); (T.V.); (S.R.)
| | - Sian Rilstone
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (D.H.); (S.K.); (J.W.); (P.Z.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (J.S.); (N.B.W.); (M.P.E.); (T.V.); (S.R.)
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Harald Sourij
- Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Research Group, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Othmar Moser
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (D.H.); (S.K.); (J.W.); (P.Z.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (J.S.); (N.B.W.); (M.P.E.); (T.V.); (S.R.)
- Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Research Group, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
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Mentzelou M, Papadopoulou SK, Psara E, Voulgaridou G, Pavlidou E, Androutsos O, Giaginis C. Chrononutrition in the Prevention and Management of Metabolic Disorders: A Literature Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:722. [PMID: 38474850 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concept of time-restricted eating (TRE) or time-restricted feeding (TRF) promotes daily periods of feeding and fasting to determine whole-body physiology. Chronic misalignment of circadian rhythms or chrono-disruption is related to an increased risk of diverse metabolic disorders. The progression of non-communicable diseases seems to be affected by the timing of meals. As a result, intermittent fasting is a promising approach for their management. The aim of the present literature review is to examine and scrutinize the TRE protocols in the fields of prevention and management of metabolic disorders. METHODS This is a thorough literature review of the reported associations among circadian rhythm, metabolic disorders, diabetes mellitus, obesity, TRE, TRF, dietary habits, circadian disruption, cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, and non-alcoholic fatty liver to find the already existing clinical studies from the last decade (2014-2024) in the most precise scientific online databases, using relevant specific keywords. Several inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to scrutinize only longitudinal, cross-sectional, descriptive, and prospective clinical human studies. RESULTS The currently available clinical findings remain scarce and suggest that chrononutrition behaviors such as TRE or TRF may promote several metabolic benefits, mainly in body weight control and fat loss. Improvements in glucose levels and lipid profiles are currently quite controversial since some clinical studies show little or no effect. As far as liver diseases are concerned, the efficacy of intermittent fasting seems to be stronger in the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease due to body weight decline and fat loss. CONCLUSIONS Even if there has been a gradual increase in clinical studies in the last few years, providing promising perspectives, currently, there is no conclusive evidence for the role of chrononutrition in metabolic disorders. Future studies should be well-designed with longer duration and larger sample sizes. Moreover, it is important to examine the best timing of the eating window and its feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mentzelou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece
| | - Sousana K Papadopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evmorfia Psara
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece
| | - Gavriela Voulgaridou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Pavlidou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece
| | - Odysseas Androutsos
- Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, 42132 Trikala, Greece
| | - Constantinos Giaginis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece
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Yuliyanasari N, Rejeki PS, Hidayati HB, Subsomwong P, Miftahussurur M. The effect of intermittent fasting on preventing obesity-related early aging from a molecular and cellular perspective. J Med Life 2024; 17:261-272. [PMID: 39044934 PMCID: PMC11262604 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global health concern owing to its association with numerous degenerative diseases and the fact that it may lead to early aging. Various markers of aging, including telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, altered protein homeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell disorders, and intercellular communication, are influenced by obesity. Consequently, there is a critical need for safe and effective approaches to prevent obesity and mitigate the onset of premature aging. In recent years, intermittent fasting (IF), a dietary strategy that alternates between periods of fasting and feeding, has emerged as a promising dietary strategy that holds potential in counteracting the aging process associated with obesity. This article explores the molecular and cellular mechanisms through which IF affects obesity-related early aging. IF regulates various physiological processes and organ systems, including the liver, brain, muscles, intestines, blood, adipose tissues, endocrine system, and cardiovascular system. Moreover, IF modulates key signaling pathways such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), sirtuins, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and fork head box O (FOXO). By targeting these pathways, IF has the potential to attenuate aging phenotypes associated with obesity-related early aging. Overall, IF offers promising avenues for promoting healthier lifestyles and mitigating the premature aging process in individuals affected by obesity.
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Key Words
- ADF, alternate-day fasting
- ADMF, alternate-day modified fasting
- AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase
- BMI, body mass index
- FOXO, fork head box O
- IF, intermittent fasting
- IIS, insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling
- PF, periodic fasting
- PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha
- PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
- TRE, time-restricted eating
- aging
- human health
- intermittent fasting
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
- obesity
- β-HB, β-hydroxy butyric acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurma Yuliyanasari
- Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty Of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Purwo Sri Rejeki
- Physiology Division, Department of Medical Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Hanik Badriyah Hidayati
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Phawinee Subsomwong
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Muhammad Miftahussurur
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Helicobacter pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute of Tropical Diseases, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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11
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Rastogi S, Verma N, Raghuwanshi G, Kumar Verma D, Atam V. Chronomedicine Insights: Evaluating the Impact of Time-Restricted Meal Intake on Lipid Profile Parameters Among Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes in Northern India. Cureus 2024; 16:e56902. [PMID: 38659523 PMCID: PMC11042785 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Time-restricted meal intake (TRM) has shown potential benefits such as enhanced insulin sensitivity, lowered blood sugar levels, and possible weight loss in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Our study aimed to investigate the impact of TRM on lipid profile parameters such as total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) in fasting conditions in T2DM patients. METHODS In total, 400 patients from the endocrinology department at King George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow were enrolled in this study, adhering to the guidelines of the American Diabetes Association (ADA). Male and female patients with recently diagnosed T2DM (in the past five years), aged between 25 to 60 years, on oral anti-diabetic therapy excluding insulin, expressing willingness to provide written consent and to adhere to TRM were included in the TRM group. It was a longitudinal study as diabetic dyslipidemia is primarily caused by insulin resistance and nutritional reasons and we wanted to assess the effect of TRM on lipid profile in T2DM patients. Patients were enrolled via simple random sampling using the random number table method (computerized). The TRM group had an early dinner at 7 pm whereas the control group was of non-TRM/late-night eaters. TRM group was given comprehensive guidance including strategies to manage hunger, permissible beverage options (water and prescribed medication) during the fasting period, and daily maintenance of a diary documenting their timing, type, and quantity of food intake which they were requested to bring fortnightly. Emphasis was placed on recording even minor dietary items consumed throughout the day. The TRM group consumed food ad libitum during a 12-hour eating window from breakfast at 7 am to dinner at 7 pm. Data distribution was non-parametric. Mann-Whitney U test compared TRM and control group using mean values at baseline and follow-ups. Analysis used GraphPad Prism 9.2.0 software (GraphPad Inc., La Jolla, CA). A p-value less than 0.05 (p < 0.05) was considered statistically significant. RESULTS A total of 127 patients were lost to follow-up, resulting in 273 patients who completed the study. The mean value of TC in the TRM and non-TRM groups using the Mann-Whitney U test registered a highly significant p-value <0.0001 at 18 months, with a decrease of 14.17% from baseline in the TRM group and a decrease of 1.53% from baseline in the non-TRM group. The TRM group had a decrease of 24.75% in TG from a baseline value of 145.4±41.9, whereas the non-TRM group showed a decrease of 2.2% from a baseline value of 154.7±37.30 (p-value <0.0001). The TRM group showed an increase of 9.25% in HDL from a baseline value of 50.14±8.58; the non-TRM group showed an increase of 0.82% from a baseline value of 48.62±9.31 (p-value <0.0001). TRM group showed a decrease of 8.62% in LDL from a baseline value of 68.20±16.2 while the non-TRM group showed an increase of 1.54% from a baseline value of 65.38±19.3 (p-value <0.0002). The TRM group showed a decrease of 13.97% in VLDL from a baseline value of 32.20±18.7; the non-TRM group showed an increase of 4% from a baseline value of 30.16±24.2 (p-value <0.0001). CONCLUSION Our study's promising results underscore the potential of TRM as an effective strategy for managing dyslipidemia in individuals with T2DM, even over prolonged periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Rastogi
- Physiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
| | - Narsingh Verma
- Physiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
| | - Gourav Raghuwanshi
- Physiology, People's College of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bhopal, IND
| | | | - Virendra Atam
- Internal Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
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Kim MJ, Kim YS, Kim SR, Lee DW, Lee SB, Kim IY. Pre-treatment with β-hydroxybutyrate mitigates cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 695:149482. [PMID: 38211529 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
β-Hydroxybutyrate (β-HB), the primary circulating ketone body, plays a dual role as both a metabolic fuel and an endogenous signaling molecule, offering diverse systemic benefits. Recent studies have highlighted the renoprotective effects of exogenous β-HB therapy in various animal models of kidney disease. In this investigation, our goal was to assess whether pre-treatment with exogenous β-HB could alleviate kidney damage in a mouse model of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). Prior to cisplatin administration, intraperitoneal administration of β-HB was carried out, and the groups were classified into four: Sham, β-HB, cisplatin, and β-HB + cisplatin. The tubular damage score and serum creatinine levels were significantly lower in the β-HB + cisplatin group compared to the cisplatin group. Furthermore, the expression of phosphorylated NF-κB, inflammatory cytokines, and the quantity of F4/80-positive macrophages in the β-HB + cisplatin group were reduced compared to those in the cisplatin group. Additionally, oxidative stress markers for DNA, protein, and lipid in the β-HB + cisplatin group were markedly diminished compared to those in the cisplatin group. The number of TUNEL-positive and cleaved caspase 3-positive tubular cells in the β-HB + cisplatin group was lower than in the cisplatin group. Pre-treating with exogenous β-HB effectively mitigated kidney damage by suppressing inflammation, oxidative stress, and tubular apoptosis in cisplatin-induced AKI. Therefore, exogenous β-HB as a pre-treatment emerges as a promising and novel strategy for preventing cisplatin-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jeong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Suk Kim
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Rin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Bong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.
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Kamarul Zaman M, Teng NIMF, Kasim SS, Juliana N, Alshawsh MA. Effects of time-restricted eating with different eating duration on anthropometrics and cardiometabolic health: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Cardiol 2023; 15:354-374. [PMID: 37576544 PMCID: PMC10415860 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v15.i7.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Time-restricted eating (TRE) is a dietary approach that limits eating to a set number of hours per day. Human studies on the effects of TRE intervention on cardiometabolic health have been contradictory. Heterogeneity in subjects and TRE interventions have led to inconsistency in results. Furthermore, the impact of the duration of eating/fasting in the TRE approach has yet to be fully explored. AIM To analyze the existing literature on the effects of TRE with different eating durations on anthropometrics and cardiometabolic health markers in adults with excessive weight and obesity-related metabolic diseases. METHODS We reviewed a series of prominent scientific databases, including Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Academic Search Complete, and Cochrane Library articles to identify published clinical trials on daily TRE in adults with excessive weight and obesity-related metabolic diseases. Randomized controlled trials were assessed for methodological rigor and risk of bias using version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB-2). Outcomes of interest include body weight, waist circumference, fat mass, lean body mass, fasting glucose, insulin, HbA1c, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lipid profiles, C-reactive protein, blood pressure, and heart rate. RESULTS Fifteen studies were included in our systematic review. TRE significantly reduces body weight, waist circumference, fat mass, lean body mass, blood glucose, insulin, and triglyceride. However, no significant changes were observed in HbA1c, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Furthermore, subgroup analyses based on the duration of the eating window revealed significant variation in the effects of TRE intervention depending on the length of the eating window. CONCLUSION TRE is a promising chrononutrition-based dietary approach for improving anthropometric and cardiometabolic health. However, further clinical trials are needed to determine the optimal eating duration in TRE intervention for cardiovascular disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazuin Kamarul Zaman
- Centre of Dietetics Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Islami Mohd Fahmi Teng
- Centre of Dietetics Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Sazzli Shahlan Kasim
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital Universiti Teknologi MARA (HUiTM), Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norsham Juliana
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed Abdullah Alshawsh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Victoria, Australia
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14
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Silva AI, Direito M, Pinto-Ribeiro F, Ludovico P, Sampaio-Marques B. Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Regulation of Metabolic Homeostasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis in Health and Metabolic-Related Disorders. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12113699. [PMID: 37297894 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12113699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF) is an emerging dietetic intervention that has been associated with improved metabolic parameters. Nowadays, the most common IF protocols are Alternate-Day Fasting (ADF) and Time-Restricted Fasting (TRF), but in this review and meta-analysis we have also considered Religious Fasting (RF), which is similar to TRF but against the circadian rhythm. The available studies usually include the analysis of a single specific IF protocol on different metabolic outcomes. Herein, we decided to go further and to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the advantages of different IF protocols for metabolic homeostasis in individuals with different metabolic status, such as with obesity, diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2D) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Systematic searches (PubMed, Scopus, Trip Database, Web of Knowledge and Embase, published before June 2022) of original articles in peer-review scientific journals focusing on IF and body composition outcomes were performed. Sixty-four reports met the eligibility criteria for the qualitative analysis and forty-seven for the quantitative analysis. Herein, we showed that ADF protocols promoted the major beneficial effects in the improvement of dysregulated metabolic conditions in comparison with TRF and RF protocols. Furthermore, obese and MetS individuals are the most benefited with the introduction of these interventions, through the improvement of adiposity, lipid homeostasis and blood pressure. For T2D individuals, IF impact was more limited, but associated with their major metabolic dysfunctions-insulin homeostasis. Importantly, through the integrated analysis of distinct metabolic-related diseases, we showed that IF seems to differently impact metabolic homeostasis depending on an individual's basal health status and type of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Inês Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Manuel Direito
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Filipa Pinto-Ribeiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Paula Ludovico
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Belém Sampaio-Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Guimarães, Portugal
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