Harassment disparities and risk profile within lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender Spanish adult population: Comparisons by age, gender identity, sexual orientation, and perpetration context

Protective and Risk Factors for Suicidal Behaviour in Self-Declared LGBTIQ+ Adolescents

BACKGROUND

Adolescents who identify as sexual minorities often face social stigmatisation, which can lead to increased adversity and a higher risk of suicidal behaviours. However, there are also protective factors that may promote resilience to these risk behaviours. This study aims to identify factors that predict resilience in sexual minority adolescents with high suicidal vulnerability.

METHODS

The study sample comprised 78 self-reported LGBTIQ+ adolescents aged between 13 and 18 years old (M = 16.11, SD = 1.56) who had previously attempted suicide. They completed several psychosocial instruments to measure risk and protective variables related to suicidal vulnerability.

RESULTS

Entrapment was found to be the most predictive risk variable for suicide attempts. However, protective variables promoting resilience were also found, such as adequate parental communication, life satisfaction, and cognitive reframing.

DISCUSSION

The findings related to prevention of suicide attempts are discussed and we highlight the urgent need to enhance certain internal and contextual protective factors to promote resilience in the face of suicidal vulnerability in certain clinical subpopulations exposed to highly adverse situations.

Personality Traits, Ideology, and Attitudes Toward LGBT People: A Scoping Review

This scoping review investigates the existing literature regarding personality traits, ideology, gender roles, and attitudes toward LGBT people. The review was conducted through PubMed and Web of Science databases. After establishing inclusion- and exclusion criteria, 12 studies published between 2013 and 2023 were reviewed, three themes (personality traits, gender roles and differences, and political ideology) were identified through thematic analysis. Several of the studies reported a relation between the personality traits Openness to Experience, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness, and homo- and transnegative attitudes. In particular, lower levels of Agreeableness, high levels of Conscientiousness, and lower levels of Extraversion were related to prejudice. The Dark Triad, especially the antagonistic traits Psychopathy and Machiavellianism, had a strong association with homo- and transnegativity. Multiple studies showed a connection between negative attitudes and ideological views. Especially right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) and social dominance orientation (SDO) were strong predictors of negative attitudes toward LGBT people. The majority of the studies also reported a significant gender difference in attitudes, with men being more prone to exhibit prejudice toward LGBT people than women. There are practical implications of this review relating to interventions which may target the prevention of homo and trans-negative attitudes, promoting inclusion and integration.

Societal discrimination and mental health among transgender athletes: a systematic review and Meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

Discrimination and inequality have been identified as significant problems faced by transgender individuals in sports participation. However, uncertainties remain regarding the effectiveness of interventions aimed at promoting equality.

OBJECTIVES

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the experiences of transgender athletes in sports, focusing on mental health issues and factors contributing to inequality among transgender and other sexual minorities.

METHODS

The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and searched 10 electronic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, to identify eligible studies published between 2005 and 2022. The search yielded 1430 articles, of which only 12 studies met the inclusion criteria for this review.

RESULTS

The meta-analysis of the 12 studies included in this review revealed that transgender athletes faced social discrimination and inequality in sports participation, resulting in mental health problems and higher rates of suicide. From a cohort of 21,565 participants in the studies, 7152 (33%) were subjected to discrimination in sports participation and healthcare, with a rate of 0.61 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.35, 0.81). However, transgender athletes who felt welcomed and embraced by their respective teams accounted for 0.39 (95% CI: 0.19, 0.65). These results indicated significant differences between how transgender athletes are treated in healthcare settings and when participating in sports.

CONCLUSION

The study findings underscore the need for policies, cultural research, and interventions to address discrimination and inequality faced by transgender athletes in sports participation. Promoting equality and safeguarding the rights of transgender athletes can mitigate the risk of mental health problems and increase physical activity among sexual minorities.

Addressing Gaps in Access to LGBTQIA + Health Education Resources: A Novel E-Learning Platform

OBJECTIVES

To reduce health inequities for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, asexual, and all sexually and gender diverse (LGBTQIA+) people, healthcare professionals need increased access to education and training resources on LGBTQIA + health. Web-based, asynchronous, electronic learning (e-learning) resources are critical for expanding the availability of LGBTQIA + health programs. This article presents the design and utilization outcomes of a novel e-learning platform for engaging healthcare professionals in LGBTQIA + health online continuing education.

METHODS

As of December 2022, the e-learning platform consisted of 293 resources within 17 topic domains. Modalities included: learning modules, recorded webinars, publications, videos, and toolkits. We conducted a descriptive analysis of the e-learning platform's website traffic and user engagement data. Google Universal Analytics and event tracking were used to measure website traffic, user locations, and publication downloads. Learning module and webinar completions were exported from the learning management system and run as frequencies.

RESULTS

Between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2022, over 650,000 people from all U.S. states, 182 countries, and 31 territories visited the website. Platform users downloaded publications 66,225 times, and completed 29,351 learning modules and 24,654 webinars.

CONCLUSION

The broad reach and high user engagement of the e-learning platform indicate acceptability of web-based, asynchronous online continuing education in LGBTQIA + health, and suggest that this platform is filling a need in health professional education. Remote, online learning opportunities may be especially important in jurisdictions with bans on medical care for transgender and gender diverse youth. Future growth of the platform, paired with in-person and other online learning opportunities, has the potential to reduce gaps in LGBTQIA + health training, and mitigate LGBTQIA + health inequities.