Knowledge, attitude and practice of diabetes among secondary school-going children in Bangladesh

Challenges in Type 2 Diabetes Prevention among Senior High School Students: A Qualitative Study

Background

Schools, a place where students spend much more time than home, play an important role in preventing the nation's future generation from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to explore challenges in T2DM prevention among senior high school students.

Methods

The study was conducted in Riau Province, Indonesia, from June to August 2023 using a qualitative content analysis. 31 respondents, determined by data saturation, were recruited using purposeful sampling. They were public senior high schools' principals, vice principals, school health services staff, school canteen tenants, students, parents, and primary health care personnel in six districts. Data were collected through semi-structured face-to-face interviews and document review. Graneheim and Lundman's content analysis method was used to analyze the data in Nvivo version 11 software. The Lincoln and Guba Qualitative research criteria for trustworthiness were used to ensure the rigor of the study.

Results

The main concepts obtained from the data were classified into three themes entitled, "Nonoptimal existing diabetes prevention programs in schools", "Inadequate knowledge of school community on T2DM", and "Inadequate policies to prevent diabetes in schools".

Conclusion

An evidence-based, well-organized, and systematic school-based diabetes prevention program is fundamental to help overcome challenges and prevent future T2DM incidence. It requires relevant stakeholders' high level of awareness, strong collaborations with the school community, and effective school policies.

Chinese Healthcare Workers' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices in Diabetic Kidney Management: A Multi-Centered Cross-Sectional Study

Background

Given the importance of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) management, this study aims to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and practices in disease management demonstrated by healthcare workers from the nephrology department.

Materials and Methods

This study is a multi-centered cross-sectional study, and adopts snowball sampling, with 530 healthcare workers being recruited to complete a questionnaire covering areas such as demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of DKD management. This data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and binary logistics analysis.

Results

In this study, 530 healthcare workers were studied, including 94 doctors and 436 nurses. The participants were mainly from general tertiary hospitals in 14 provinces. For Chinese nurse, the results indicate that both poor knowledge level (Odds Ratio (OR) =0.63, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.42-0.94) and having experience in further medical training in nephrology (OR=1.92, 95% CI: 1.20-3.08) are associated with the practice levels. For Chinese doctors, having not experience in further medical training in nephrology (OR=0.36, 95% CI: 0.15-0.83) are associated with their practice levels.

Conclusion

In summary, Chinese doctors and nurses in this study showed positive attitudes towards DKD management, but their knowledge and practical skills were lacking. This underscores a notable gap in achieving optimal DKD care. Notably, nurses' knowledge influenced their management practices, and additional nephrology training correlated with better engagement. To improve patient care, enhancing nephrology healthcare professional training and addressing knowledge-practice disparities are recommended.

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding cardiovascular disease prevention among middle school students in China: a cross-sectional study

Background

The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is rapidly increasing globally. With a concerning increase among adolescents due to unhealthy habits, obesity, and hypertension, understanding the current status of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to CVD prevention among middle school students is crucial for developing effective school-based health programs to prevent CVD.

Methods

The analytic cross-sectional survey is used in questionnaires to assess KAP related to CVD prevention among middle school students (N = 17,731) from 50 schools across 16 provinces in China in June-July 2023. The pass rate of KAP scores is categorized as good and poor. Independent predictors of good KAP of CVD prevention are ascertained using a binary logistic regression model.

Results

The study surveyed 8,118 (45.78%) junior high school students and 9,613 (54.22%) high school students. The overall mean [standard deviation (SD)] for the knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were 26.88 (8.12), 53.53 (7.22), and 39.80 (5.96), respectively. The knowledge scores had the lowest pass rate at 56.89%. Only 6.83% of the students know "the definition of blood pressure in adolescents." Attitudes toward health were positive, though the attitude regarding "the danger of prolonged sedentary to cardiovascular health" scored lowest at 73.55%. The practice section had a pass rate of 89.30%; 40.27% of students reported that they spend more than an hour a day on screens. Only one-third of the students would go to bed before 12 o'clock. In univariate analysis, junior high school and high school students differed significantly in knowledge and practice (p < 0.001), but attitude did not differ significantly (p = 0.103).

Conclusion

The majority of students lack sufficient knowledge about CVD. It is also found that socioeconomic background, family environment, and educational levels have an impact on cardiovascular health behaviors among students. Strengthening health education involving students, parents, teachers, and communities is essential to promote health knowledge and practices among adolescents.