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Zielińska M, Łuszczki E, Szymańska A, Dereń K. Food addiction and the physical and mental health status of adults with overweight and obesity. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17639. [PMID: 38952972 PMCID: PMC11216192 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Overweight and obesity now affect more than a third of the world's population. They are strongly associated with somatic diseases, in particular increasing the risk of many metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, but also with mental disorders. In particular, there is a strong association between obesity and depression. As a result, more attention is paid to the neurobiological, behavioural, and psychological mechanisms involved in eating. One of these is food addiction (FA). Research comparing lifestyle elements, physical and mental health problems of excess body weight and individuals with FA is limited and has focused on younger people, mainly students. There is also a lack of studies that relate actual metabolic parameters to FA. To better understand the problem of FA also in older adults, it is important to understand the specific relationships between these variables. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 172 adults with overweight and obesity (82% female) aged 23-85 years. The mean age of all subjects was M = 59.97 years (SD = 11.93), the mean BMI was M = 32.05 kg/m2 (SD = 4.84), and the mean body fat was M = 39.12% (SD = 6.48). The following questionnaires were used: Food Frequency Questionnaire-6 (FFQ-6), Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), Three Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18 (TFEQ-R18), Yale Food Addiction Scale 2. 0 (YFAS 2.0), Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). Body composition, anthropometry, fasting glucose, lipid profile, and blood pressure were measured. Results A total of 22.7% of participants with overweight and obesity had symptoms of depression according to the SDS, and 18.6% met the criteria for FA according to YFAS 2.0. FA was statistically significantly more common among people up to 50 years. BMI, body fat mass, diastolic blood pressure and sedentary behaviour were statistically significantly higher in people with FA symptoms. Those who were sedentary for 301-450 min per day were significantly more likely to have depressive symptoms, and those who were sedentary for more than 450 min per day were significantly more likely to have FA symptoms. Conclusions Our findings complement the current literature on FA, particularly in older adults and metabolic parameters, and suggest further research directions. Although our cross-sectional study design does not allow causal interpretations, increasing physical activity appears to be particularly important in the management of people with overweight or obesity and FA. This may be even more important than for people with depression alone, but future research is needed to explore these relationships further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zielińska
- Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Edyta Łuszczki
- Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Anna Szymańska
- Rzeszów Association for Disabled and Autistic Children SOLIS RADIUS, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Dereń
- Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
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Baptista FM, Andias R, Rocha NP, Silva AG. A Practice Guide for Physical Therapists Prescribing Physical Exercise for Older Adults. J Aging Phys Act 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38862112 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2023-0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physical activity and exercise are protective factors for physical and cognitive decline in older adults, but recent studies reveal that a large percentage of this population do not practice exercise at the levels recommended by international guidelines. The frequency, intensity, type, time, volume, and progression (FITT-VP) principles are a widely used method for prescribing physical exercise, allowing the development of a personalized exercise program that meets the needs of each individual. OBJECTIVES This masterclass is intended to serve as a professional application tool for physical therapists who prescribe physical exercise for older adults. We present a section for each FITT-VP principle to facilitate handling these principles individually when prescribing exercise for this population. METHODS Review of the scientific literature and international guidelines on the prescription of physical exercises for older adults. RESULTS Aerobic, mobility, resistance, balance, and flexibility exercises, as well as functional training, should be included in an exercise program for older adults, which should be progressed using different methods for each of the exercise modalities. CONCLUSIONS An exercise program for older adults should integrate different exercise modalities. Exercise progression should be performed following the FITT-VP principles and some specific progression factors recommended for each exercise modality. SIGNIFICANCE Considering the challenge faced by clinicians in designing a viable exercise program for older adults that responds to international recommendations, with this masterclass we hope to help physical therapists to plan an exercise program that is feasible and at the same time, responds to the expected needs of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico M Baptista
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- CINTESIS.UA@RISE, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rosa Andias
- CINTESIS.UA@RISE, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Nelson P Rocha
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Institute of Electronics and Informatics Engineering of Aveiro (IEETA), Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Anabela G Silva
- CINTESIS.UA@RISE, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Haigis D, Wagner S, Pomiersky R, Matting L, Hahn LS, Eschweiler GW, Thiel A, Frahsa A, Sudeck G, Nieß AM. [Sarcopenia, physical activity and sedentary behavior among nursing home residents in Germany]. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2024:10.1007/s00391-023-02275-z. [PMID: 38276995 DOI: 10.1007/s00391-023-02275-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Residents in nursing homes show a high prevalence of the musculoskeletal syndrome sarcopenia and tend not to achieve current physical activity recommendations. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to identify differences in physical activity and sedentary behavior of sarcopenic residents compared with nonsarcopenic and presarcopenic residents. METHODS Sarcopenia assessment was performed among 63 nursing home residents in Baden-Wuerttemberg (D) using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 specifications. Structured activity sessions (per week), accelerometer-based physical activity (steps/day), and sedentary behavior (percentual/day) were examined. The group comparisons were determined with Kruskal-Wallis tests and Dunn-Bonferroni post hoc tests. RESULTS Significant differences were found for number of steps (p = 0.005) and percentual sedentary behavior (p = 0.019). Moreover, steps per day presented significant results in group comparison for no sarcopenia (2824.4 [423-14275]) with probable sarcopenia (1703.9 [118-5663]) and confirmed/severe sarcopenia (1571.2 [240-2392]) (both p = 0.022; |r| = 0.34). Sedentary behavior demonstrated significant differences in groups with no sarcopenia (87.9% [69.1-94.3]) and with probable sarcopenia (91.7% [80.4-9835]) (p = 0.018; |r| = 0.35). CONCLUSION Nonsarcopenic residents demonstrated a higher number of steps and lower sedentary behavior compared with presarcopenic and sarcopenic residents. Increasing steps, reducing sedentary behavior and promoting activities of daily living can contribute to the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia in the nursing home setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Haigis
- Abteilung Sportmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland.
- Interfakultäres Forschungsinstitut für Sport und körperliche Aktivität, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72074, Tübingen, Deutschland.
| | - Silas Wagner
- Abteilung Sportmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland
- Interfakultäres Forschungsinstitut für Sport und körperliche Aktivität, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72074, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - Rebekka Pomiersky
- Interfakultäres Forschungsinstitut für Sport und körperliche Aktivität, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72074, Tübingen, Deutschland
- Institut für Sportwissenschaft, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72074, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - Leon Matting
- Interfakultäres Forschungsinstitut für Sport und körperliche Aktivität, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72074, Tübingen, Deutschland
- Institut für Sportwissenschaft, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72074, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - Lea-Sofie Hahn
- Interfakultäres Forschungsinstitut für Sport und körperliche Aktivität, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72074, Tübingen, Deutschland
- Institut für Sportwissenschaft, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72074, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - Gerhard W Eschweiler
- Geriatrisches Zentrum, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - Ansgar Thiel
- Interfakultäres Forschungsinstitut für Sport und körperliche Aktivität, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72074, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - Annika Frahsa
- Institut für Sozial- und Präventivmedizin, Universität Bern, 3012, Bern, Schweiz
| | - Gorden Sudeck
- Interfakultäres Forschungsinstitut für Sport und körperliche Aktivität, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72074, Tübingen, Deutschland
- Institut für Sportwissenschaft, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72074, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - Andreas M Nieß
- Abteilung Sportmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland
- Interfakultäres Forschungsinstitut für Sport und körperliche Aktivität, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72074, Tübingen, Deutschland
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Carrick-Ranson G, Howden EJ, Brazile TL, Levine BD, Reading SA. Effects of aging and endurance exercise training on cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiac structure and function in healthy midlife and older women. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 135:1215-1235. [PMID: 37855034 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00798.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in women in developed societies. Unfavorable structural and functional adaptations within the heart and central blood vessels with sedentary aging in women can act as the substrate for the development of debilitating CVD conditions such as heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The large decline in cardiorespiratory fitness, as indicated by maximal or peak oxygen uptake (V̇o2max and V̇o2peak, respectively), that occurs in women as they age significantly affects their health and chronic disease status, as well as the risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Midlife and older women who have performed structured endurance exercise training for several years or decades of their adult lives exhibit a V̇o2max and cardiac and vascular structure and function that are on par or even superior to much younger sedentary women. Therefore, regular endurance exercise training appears to be an effective preventative strategy for mitigating the adverse physiological cardiovascular adaptations associated with sedentary aging in women. Herein, we narratively describe the aging and short- and long-term endurance exercise training adaptations in V̇o2max, cardiac structure, and left ventricular systolic and diastolic function at rest and exercise in midlife and older women. The role of circulating estrogens on cardiac structure and function is described for consideration in the timing of exercise interventions to maximize beneficial adaptations. Current research gaps and potential areas for future investigation to advance our understanding in this critical knowledge area are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Carrick-Ranson
- Department of Surgery, the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Exercise Sciences, the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Erin J Howden
- Human Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tiffany L Brazile
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas, Texas, United States
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Benjamin D Levine
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas, Texas, United States
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Stacey A Reading
- Department of Exercise Sciences, the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Gigonzac M, Terrier P. Restoring walking ability in older adults with arm-in-arm gait training: study protocol for the AAGaTT randomized controlled trial. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:542. [PMID: 37674129 PMCID: PMC10481504 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04255-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Falls are a significant problem among older adults. While balance and functional exercises have been shown to be effective, it remains unclear whether regular walking has specific effects on reducing the risk of falls. RATIONALE Older people who fall frequently have impaired gait patterns. Recent studies have suggested using interpersonal synchronization: while walking arm-in-arm, an older person synchronizes steps with a younger person to reinstate a better gait pattern. This method of gait training may reduce the risk of falls. OBJECTIVE The aim is to assess the efficacy of an arm-in-arm gait-training program in older people. DESIGN The arm-in-arm gait training trial (AAGaTT) is a single-site, open label, two-arm, randomized controlled trial. PARTICIPANTS We will enroll 66 dyads of older people and their younger "gait instructors". The older participants must be > 70 years old with adequate walking ability. They must have experienced a fall in the year prior to study entry. INTERVENTION Dyads will walk an indoor course for 30 min either side-by-side without contact (control group) or arm-in-arm while synchronizing their gait (intervention group). The gait training will be repeated three times a week for four weeks. OUTCOMES The main outcome will be the walking speed measured in five-minute walking trials performed at baseline and at the end of each intervention week (week 1 - week 4), and at week 7. Gait quality will be assessed using accelerometers. We will also assess perceived physical activity and health using questionnaires. Finally, we will monitor fall incidence over 18 months. We will evaluate whether outcomes are more improved in the intervention group compared to the control group. In addition, interviews will be conducted to assess the perception of the gait training. EXPECTED RESULTS Recent advances in the neurophysiology of motor control have shown that synchronizing gait to external cues or to a human partner can increase the efficiency of gait training. The expected benefits of arm-in-arm gait training are: reduced risk of falls, safe treatment with no adverse effects, and high adherence. This gait training program could be a low-cost intervention with positive effects on the health and well-being of seniors. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05627453. Date of registration: 11.25.2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Gigonzac
- Haute Ecole Arc Santé, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Terrier
- Haute Ecole Arc Santé, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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Chang WN, Tzeng PL, Huang WJ, Lin YH, Lin KP, Wen CJ, Chou YC, Liao Y, Hsueh MC, Chan DC. Objective assessment of the association between frailty and sedentary behavior in older adults: a cross-sectional study. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2023; 20:14. [PMID: 37550620 PMCID: PMC10405382 DOI: 10.1186/s11556-023-00324-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the inconsistent findings of the association between frailty and sedentary behavior in older adults, this cross-sectional study investigated the aforementioned association using four different frailty criteria and two sedentary behavior indices in older adults. METHODS Data from older adults (age ≥ 65 y) who participated in health examinations or attended outpatient integrated clinics at a medical center in Taipei, Taiwan, were collected. Frailty was measured using the modified Fried Frailty Phenotype (mFFP), Clinical Frailty Scale in Chinese Translation (CFS-C), Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF) index, and Clinical Frailty-Deficit Count (CF-DC) index; sedentary behavior was assessed with a waist-worn accelerometer. Adjusted linear regression ascertained the association between frailty and both sedentary behavior outcomes. RESULTS Among the 214 participants (mean age 80.82 ± 7.14 y), 116 were women. The average total sedentary time and number of sedentary bouts were 609.74 ± 79.29 min and 5.51 ± 2.09 times per day, respectively. Frail participants had a longer total sedentary time (odds ratio [OR]: 30.13, P = .01 and 39.43, P < .001) and more sedentary bouts (OR: 3.50 and 5.86, both P < .001) on mFFP and CFS-C assessments, respectively. The SOF index revealed more sedentary bouts among frail than in robust participants (OR: 2.06, P = .009), without a significant difference in the total sedentary time. Frail participants defined by the CF-DC index were more likely to have frequent sedentary bouts (OR: 2.03, P = .016), but did not have a longer total sedentary time. CONCLUSIONS Regardless of the frailty criteria adopted, frailty was positively associated with the number of sedentary bouts per day in older adults. A significant correlation between frailty and total sedentary time was detected only with mFFP and CFS-C indices. Further research may target decreasing the sedentary bouts in older adults as a strategy to improve frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ning Chang
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chungshan S. Rd, Taipei, 100225, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Lin Tzeng
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chungshan S. Rd, Taipei, 100225, Taiwan
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, No 162, Section 1, Heping E. Rd, Taipei, 106209, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jia Huang
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chungshan S. Rd, Taipei, 100225, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hung Lin
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, No 162, Section 1, Heping E. Rd, Taipei, 106209, Taiwan
- National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, No. 87 Neijiang Street, Taipei, 108206, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Pei Lin
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chungshan S. Rd, Taipei, 100225, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chungshan S. Rd, Taipei, 100225, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Jung Wen
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chungshan S. Rd, Taipei, 100225, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 7, Chungshan S. Rd, Taipei, 100225, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Chou
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chungshan S. Rd, Taipei, 100225, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 7, Chungshan S. Rd, Taipei, 100225, Taiwan
| | - Yung Liao
- Graduate Institute of Sport, Leisure and Hospitality Management, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 162, Section 1, Heping E. Rd, Taipei, 106209, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chun Hsueh
- Graduate Institute of Sport Pedagogy, University of Taipei, No. 101, Sec. 2, Zhongcheng Rd, Taipei, 111036, Taiwan
| | - Ding-Cheng Chan
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chungshan S. Rd, Taipei, 100225, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chungshan S. Rd, Taipei, 100225, Taiwan.
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Wiśniowska-Szurlej A, Ćwirlej-Sozańska A, Wilmowska-Pietruszyńska A, Sozański B. Determinants of Physical Activity in Older Adults in South-Eastern Poland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192416922. [PMID: 36554802 PMCID: PMC9779636 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of our study is to assess factors determining the uptake of physical activity (PA) by older people living in south-eastern Poland. This is a cross-sectional study. The study included 858 older people aged 75 and over living in south-eastern Poland. PA was assessed by asking about the time spent on any at least moderate PA per week and about doing planned strengthening exercises to improve muscle strength and muscular endurance. Functional status, disability and quality of life in older people were also assessed. Logistic regression models were used to identify the factors related to PA. In the study group, only 25.64% performed a minimum of 150 min of moderate-intensity exercise, while strengthening exercises were performed by 22.49%. The most important factors influencing the uptake of PA were age, number of chronic diseases, place of residence, education, social activity, housing conditions, quality of life and health status. In summary, the study population represents a low level of PA uptake, with the majority not meeting the World Health Organization recommendations for PA uptake by older people. Our findings suggest individualized efforts to promote public health and increase PA among older people over 75 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Wiśniowska-Szurlej
- Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences of the University of Rzeszow, University of Rzeszow, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-60-418-1162
| | - Agnieszka Ćwirlej-Sozańska
- Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences of the University of Rzeszow, University of Rzeszow, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
| | | | - Bernard Sozański
- Institute of Medicine, College of Medical Sciences of the University of Rzeszow, University of Rzeszow, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
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