Determining the Predictors of Self-Management Behaviors in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: An Application of Socio-Ecological Approach

Self-management of geriatric syndromes - an observational study

BACKGROUND

Self-management of health refers to various actions and decisions that impact health outcomes. To improve health, independence, and quality of life (QoL) while reducing healthcare utilization and costs, patients' self-management abilities can be enhanced. However, disease-specific self-management interventions may not be applicable for older adults with multiple illnesses. Instead, focusing on prevalent geriatric syndromes, such as frailty, cognitive decline, pain, incontinence, or impaired mobility, may be more beneficial. To achieve this, a detailed understanding of the specific needs of the older population is crucial.

METHODS

Patients who are 70 years old or older will be chosen from four geriatric hospitals, which include both inpatient and outpatient facilities. At baseline, each participant will undergo a comprehensive geriatric evaluation and answer various questionnaires that focus on their current self-management abilities, self-efficacy, anxiety, aging perception, and QoL. Moreover, extensive data on the presence and impact of geriatric syndromes will be gathered. Three and six months after the initial evaluation, follow-up assessments will be conducted to identify any changes in participants' health, independence in daily activities, geriatric syndromes, cognition and mood, QoL, and self-management.

DISCUSSION

The present investigation aims to assess the factors that may facilitate or impede self-management in older adults afflicted with geriatric syndromes. Instead of concentrating on particular diseases, this study will analyze the association between self-management and geriatric syndromes. The information obtained will contribute to clinical expertise on the self-management habits of older adults and their effects on their well-being, autonomy, and overall QoL, as well as provide insights into geriatric syndromes. This valuable knowledge will be crucial for developing personalised programs to enhance self-management among older adults.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

German Trial Register (Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien) DRKS00031016.

Diabetes self-management and its related factors among Chinese young adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus

AIM

To explore the status quo of self-management among young adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the determinants of self-management under the guidance of social cognitive theory.

DESIGN

A cross-sectional study.

METHODS

In total, 227 young adults (18-44 years old) with T2DM at two hospitals in Beijing completed the questionnaires. The Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities (SDSCA) was used, along with additional questionnaires about diabetes self-efficacy, attitude, diabetes distress, diabetes knowledge, coping styles and social support. Univariate analysis and multiple linear regression were used to explore the related factors of self-management among the young patients.

RESULTS

The scores for the SDSCA in diet, exercise, blood-glucose testing, foot care and medication taking were (4.16 ± 1.51), (3.46 ± 2.50), (2.28 ± 2.24), (1.08 ± 1.84) and (6.09 ± 1.88), respectively. Stepwise multiple linear regression showed that fasting blood-glucose value was significantly associated with self-management behaviours of diet, exercise, blood-glucose testing and medication taking. Self-efficacy was significantly associated with self-management behaviours of diet, exercise and foot care. Diabetes distress, diabetes-related social activity, confrontation, education, duration of T2DM, treatment modalities and diabetes knowledge were associated with the one or two dimensions of SDSCA in the young adults with T2DM.

Determinants of quality of life among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes in northwest of iran: based on problem areas in diabetes

BACKGROUND

Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, leading to damage to various organs of the patients and a reduction of their life expectancy and quality of life (QOL). The aim of this study was to explore the determinants of the QOL based on the Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID).

METHODS

This cross-sectional study was carried out in an Iranian diabetic clinic in Ardabil. The PAID, the short form health survey (SF-12), and the sociodemographic questionnaire were all employed. Using the census sample method, 266 elderly people with type 2 diabetes from the lone diabetic clinic at Ardabil took part in this study. One-way ANOVA, t-test, one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and multiple regression were used to analyze the data.

RESULTS

Data analysis showed that there was a statistically negative significant relationship between the QOL dimensions and the triple domains of PAID (p < 0.01). In the final model of the predictors of the QOL, treatment barriers, psychological distress related to diabetes management, the type of treatment, age, and the duration of diabetes were statistically significant predictors of the QOL dimensions (p>0.05).

CONCLUSION

Individual characteristics and factors connected to health services should be prioritized in any intervention program aimed at improving the QOL of elderly patients with diabetes. Psychological distress should be considered in addition to regular physician visits.