1
|
Ribeiro BC, Garcia CGR, Lima LJP, Guerreiro JF, Póvoa MM, Cunha MG. Malaria in a vulnerable population living in quilombo remnant communities in the Brazilian Amazon: a cross-sectional study from 2005-2020. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2024; 66:e25. [PMID: 38656041 PMCID: PMC11027486 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202466025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Quilombo remnant communities are areas officially recognized by the Brazilian government as historical communities founded by formerly enslaved individuals. These communities are mostly located in the endemic areas of malaria in the Brazilian Amazon. We retrospectively described the prevalence of malaria among individuals living in 32 recognized quilombo remnant communities in the Baiao and Oriximina municipalities located in the Para State. The number of malaria cases and the Annual Parasitic Incidence (API) recorded by the Brazilian malaria surveillance system (SIVEP-Malaria) from January 2005 to December 2020 were analyzed. We found that all communities registered at least one case over the 16-year period, the most frequent parasitic species being Plasmodium vivax (76.1%). During this period, 0.44% (4,470/1,008,714) of the malaria cases registered in Para State were reported in these quilombo remnant communities, with frequencies of 10.9% (856/7,859) in Baiao municipality and 39.1% (3,614/9,238) in Oriximina municipality, showing that individuals living in these rural communities are exposed to malaria. These data indicate that effective surveillance requires improved measures to identify malaria transmission among vulnerable populations living in quilombo remnant communities in the Brazilian Amazon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Costa Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Carla Gisele R Garcia
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Lilian Jéssica Passos Lima
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - João F. Guerreiro
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Maristela G. Cunha
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Correa LP, da Costa Farias F, Dos Santos Barile KA, Palmeira MK, de Melo Amaral CE. Human T-lymphotropic virus 2 (HTLV-2) prevalence of blood donors in the state of Pará, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:1745-1750. [PMID: 37454039 PMCID: PMC10484891 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01067-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study had the objective to describe the molecular prevalence and epidemiological aspects of the human T-lymphotropic virus 2 (HTLV-2) infection in the blood donor population of the Pará state. METHODS The present study is a descriptive, retrospective, and cross-sectional review of epidemiological, serological, and molecular data on inapt blood donors in the State Center for Hematology and Hemotherapy from January 2015 to December 2021. The data were digitalized to create a database using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences program. The prevalence of HTLV-2 was calculated based on the total number of donations during the study period. Descriptive frequency was used to analyze the qualitative data. RESULTS A total of 665,568 blood donations were made. Out of these, 1884 (0.2%) samples presented serological detection to HTLV and further were evaluated using molecular confirmatory tests. Out of these, 36 samples were positive for HTLV-2 using qPCR Taqman assay based on pol gene region (0.005%). The HTLV-2 was found to be more prevalent in women (63.9%); aged between 39 and 59 years (55.6%); residents of the metropolitan region of Belém (80.6%); with self-declared race as brown (80.6%); individuals who had completed high school (58.6%); and first-time donors (58.3%) CONCLUSION: The present study identified the presence of HTLV-2 (1 HTLV-2 case/20,000 donations; 0.005%) in the specific population of blood donors in Pará state. These findings can contribute to the existing literature on the subject both for specific population groups under study and for understanding the prevalence of HTLV-2 in the general population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Pinheiro Correa
- Centro Universitário Metropolitano da Amazônia (UNIFAMAZ), Rua de Óbidos 179, apto. 1001, Belém, PA, 66020-446, Brazil.
| | - Fatyene da Costa Farias
- Centro Universitário Metropolitano da Amazônia (UNIFAMAZ), Rua de Óbidos 179, apto. 1001, Belém, PA, 66020-446, Brazil
| | - Katarine Antonia Dos Santos Barile
- Centro Universitário Metropolitano da Amazônia (UNIFAMAZ), Rua de Óbidos 179, apto. 1001, Belém, PA, 66020-446, Brazil
- Fundação Centro de Hemoterapia e Hematologia do Pará (HEMOPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Maurício Koury Palmeira
- Centro Universitário Metropolitano da Amazônia (UNIFAMAZ), Rua de Óbidos 179, apto. 1001, Belém, PA, 66020-446, Brazil
- Fundação Centro de Hemoterapia e Hematologia do Pará (HEMOPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo de Melo Amaral
- Centro Universitário Metropolitano da Amazônia (UNIFAMAZ), Rua de Óbidos 179, apto. 1001, Belém, PA, 66020-446, Brazil
- Fundação Centro de Hemoterapia e Hematologia do Pará (HEMOPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
De Oliveira TC, Secolin R, Lopes-Cendes I. A review of ancestrality and admixture in Latin America and the caribbean focusing on native American and African descendant populations. Front Genet 2023; 14:1091269. [PMID: 36741309 PMCID: PMC9893294 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1091269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomics can reveal essential features about the demographic evolution of a population that may not be apparent from historical elements. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number of studies applying genomic epidemiological approaches to understand the genetic structure and diversity of human populations in the context of demographic history and for implementing precision medicine. These efforts have traditionally been applied predominantly to populations of European origin. More recently, initiatives in the United States and Africa are including more diverse populations, establishing new horizons for research in human populations with African and/or Native ancestries. Still, even in the most recent projects, the under-representation of genomic data from Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) is remarkable. In addition, because the region presents the most recent global miscegenation, genomics data from LAC may add relevant information to understand population admixture better. Admixture in LAC started during the colonial period, in the 15th century, with intense miscegenation between European settlers, mainly from Portugal and Spain, with local indigenous and sub-Saharan Africans brought through the slave trade. Since, there are descendants of formerly enslaved and Native American populations in the LAC territory; they are considered vulnerable populations because of their history and current living conditions. In this context, studying LAC Native American and African descendant populations is important for several reasons. First, studying human populations from different origins makes it possible to understand the diversity of the human genome better. Second, it also has an immediate application to these populations, such as empowering communities with the knowledge of their ancestral origins. Furthermore, because knowledge of the population genomic structure is an essential requirement for implementing genomic medicine and precision health practices, population genomics studies may ensure that these communities have access to genomic information for risk assessment, prevention, and the delivery of optimized treatment; thus, helping to reduce inequalities in the Western Hemisphere. Hoping to set the stage for future studies, we review different aspects related to genetic and genomic research in vulnerable populations from LAC countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thais C. De Oliveira
- Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil,The Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Secolin
- Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil,The Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Iscia Lopes-Cendes
- Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil,The Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), Campinas, Brazil,*Correspondence: Iscia Lopes-Cendes,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
de Lima ACR, Lopes FT, de Oliveira Freitas V, Assad MN, de Sousa RS, Gonçalves JSS, Gomes JLC, dos Santos BC, Lima CNC, Abreu IN, dos Santos Brito WR, Pereira KAS, da Silva Torres MK, Lima SS, Aben-Athar CYU, Guerreiro JF, Cayres Vallinoto IMV, Vallinoto ACR, Feitosa RNM. Prevalence and Risk Factors for HTLV-1/2 Infection inRiverside and Rural Populations of the State of Pará. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102262. [PMID: 36298817 PMCID: PMC9610156 DOI: 10.3390/v14102262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T-lymphotropic viruses 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and HTLV-2) infection has been described in several Amazonian populations; however, there is still a lack of data on the prevalence of the virus in riparian populations living in rural areas of the state of Pará. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of HTLV-1/2 infection in four riverine communities and one rural area in the state of Pará and to describe the possible risk factors for infection. A total of 907 individuals responded to an epidemiological survey and gave blood samples collected for anti-HTLV-1/2 antibodies by immunoenzymatic assay (EIA). The serum-reactive samples were subjected to confirmation by an in-line assay (Inno-Lia) and by proviral DNA screening using real-time PCR (qPCR). The total prevalence was 0.8% (7/907) for HTLV-1/2 (CI: 0.2−1.3%), with 0.66% HTLV-1 and 0.11% HTLV-2. The prevalence by sex was 0.7% in women (4/565) and 0.9% in men (3/342). Among seropositive patients, 83.3% (5/7) reported being sexually active, and 57.1% (4/7) reported not having the habit of using condoms during their sexual relations. Intrafamily infection was also observed. The results reinforce the need for public policies to prevent and block the spread of HTLV, especially in riparian communities that are subject to difficulties in accessing the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde/SUS) because infected individuals need clinical monitoring for surveillance and early diagnosis of symptoms associated with HTLV-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Cecy Rocha de Lima
- Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil
| | - Felipe Teixeira Lopes
- Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Janete Silvana Souza Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carlos Neandro Cordeiro Lima
- Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil
| | - Isabella Nogueira Abreu
- Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil
| | - Wandrey Roberto dos Santos Brito
- Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil
| | - Keise Adrielle Santos Pereira
- Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil
| | - Maria Karoliny da Silva Torres
- Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil
| | - Sandra Souza Lima
- Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil
| | | | - João Farias Guerreiro
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil
| | - Izaura M. V. Cayres Vallinoto
- Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Rosário Vallinoto
- Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil
| | - Rosimar Neris Martins Feitosa
- Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075110, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-919-9117-9811
| |
Collapse
|