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Schäfer SK, Supke M, Kausmann C, Schaubruch LM, Lieb K, Cohrdes C. A systematic review of individual, social, and societal resilience factors in response to societal challenges and crises. COMMUNICATIONS PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 2:92. [PMID: 39369098 PMCID: PMC11455977 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00138-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
Abstract
Societal challenges put public mental health at risk and result in a growing interest in resilience as trajectories of good mental health during stressor exposure. Resilience factors represent multilevel psychosocial resources that increase the likelihood of resilient responses. This preregistered systematic review aims at summarizing evidence on the predictive value of individual, social and societal resilience factors for resilient responses to societal challenges and crises. Eligible studies examined the predictive value of resilience factors in stressor-exposed populations in high-income countries by means of multinomial regression models based on growth mixture modeling. Five databases were searched until August 2, 2023. Data synthesis employed a rating scheme to assess the incremental predictive value of resilience factors beyond sociodemographic variables and other resilience factors. An adapted version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for risk of bias assessment. Fifty studies (sample sizes: 360-65,818 participants) with moderate study quality reported on various stressors (e.g., pandemics, natural disasters, terrorist attacks). Higher income, socioeconomic status and perceived social support, better emotion regulation and psychological flexibility were related to more resilient responses. The association between resilience factors and resilient responses was stronger in samples with younger mean age and a larger proportion of women. Most studies used non-representative convenience samples and effects were smaller when accounting for sociodemographic variables and other resilience factors. For many factors, findings were mixed, supporting the importance of the fit between resilience factors and situational demands. Research into social and societal resilience factors and multilevel resilience interventions is needed. Preregistration-ID: 10.17605/OSF.IO/GWJVA. Funding source: Robert Koch Institute (ID: LIR_2023_01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Schäfer
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Mainz, Germany.
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy and Psychodiagnostics, Technische Universität, Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Max Supke
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy and Psychodiagnostics, Technische Universität, Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Corinna Kausmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Lieb
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Caroline Cohrdes
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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Kaim A, Tov MS, Kimhi S, Marciano H, Eshel Y, Adini B. A longitudinal study of societal resilience and its predictors during the Israel-Gaza war. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2024; 16:1479-1496. [PMID: 38515210 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
This study assesses the resilience of Israeli society during the ongoing Israel-Gaza conflict and pinpoints factors that influence this resilience in prolonged national crises. A longitudinal study was carried out with two surveys, both using the same questionnaire to gage societal, community, and individual resilience levels, along with hope, morale, distress, perceived threats, and government support. The initial survey was administered 5 days after the war escalated and the second 1 month later. The study's results reveal a decline in societal resilience over time. The regression analysis identified four major associations at both resilience measurement points. The key variables are community resilience and hope, both contributing positively. Attitudes towards government support (specifically being a government supporter vs. an opponent) also played a role. Additionally, there was a negative association with levels of religiosity, particularly distinguishing between ultra-orthodox and secular individuals. In the temporal analysis predicting future resilience (from data at the first time point to predict resilience at the second time point), societal resilience at the first measurement was the strongest forecaster of its resilience at the second measurement. Additionally, the main continuous variable from the previous analysis, community resilience, continued to be an influential and positive forecaster in the time-based analysis. The research suggests that the initial unifying effect of the conflict, similar to a "Rally around the flag" phenomenon, may be short-lived. The study underlines the importance of community strength, hope, government support, and religious considerations in shaping societal resilience in the face of conflict.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle Kaim
- ResWell Research Collaboration, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Management, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Maya Siman Tov
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Management, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shaul Kimhi
- ResWell Research Collaboration, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Stress and Resilience Research Center, Tel-Hai College, Tel-Hai, Israel
| | - Hadas Marciano
- Stress and Resilience Research Center, Tel-Hai College, Tel-Hai, Israel
- The Institute of Information Processing and Decision Making, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yohanan Eshel
- Stress and Resilience Research Center, Tel-Hai College, Tel-Hai, Israel
- Psychology Department, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Bruria Adini
- ResWell Research Collaboration, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Management, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Ibrahim AM. Exploring society-to-cells resilience among community members: A multidisciplinary study in outpatient clinics with diverse participant demographics. J Adv Nurs 2024. [PMID: 38924555 DOI: 10.1111/jan.16296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study explores and understands community members' resilience in outpatient clinics, considering various dimensions and types of resilience. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. METHODS This study was conducted in Saudi outpatient clinics from September to December 2023 and included 384 individuals chosen through systematic random sampling. Various tools were used, such as Social Cohesion and Trust Scale, Community Resilience Assessment Tool, Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences, Environmental Resilience Assessment, Economic Resilience Index, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Brief Resilience Scale, Resilience Scale for Adults and Healthcare Resilience Index. RESULTS Participants displayed a robust overall resilience level, as indicated by Total Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale score of 63.0 ± 9.0. Additionally, they demonstrated commendable levels of resilience in Total Brief Resilience Scale (56.04 ± 8.6), Resilience Scale for Adults (82.5 ± 7.2) and Healthcare Resilience Index (45.8 ± 5.5). These findings offer significant insights into psychological and emotional well-being of the study population, highlighting their adaptive capacities and coping mechanisms across various life domains. CONCLUSION This study provides valuable insights into the multidimensional nature of resilience in outpatient settings. The cross-sectional design sets the groundwork for future longitudinal investigations, highlighting the need for a holistic approach to understanding and promoting resilience. IMPACT This study holds immediate implications for participants and their communities. It underscores the adaptive capacities and coping mechanisms prevalent in the outpatient population by revealing commendable resilience levels. This insight enhances individuals' psychological and emotional well-being, contributing positively to the overall resilience and communal strength. Additionally, this study sheds light on how resilience among community members in Saudi Arabia relates to international advanced nursing communities, providing insight into their work. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Patients who have received outpatient services in the past 6 months were purposively chosen to ensure a diverse representation across age, gender and socio-economic backgrounds in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ateya Megahed Ibrahim
- Assistant Professor, College of Nursing, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Assistant Professor, Family and Community Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
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Bonfanti RC, Oberti B, Ravazzoli E, Rinaldi A, Ruggieri S, Schimmenti A. The Role of Trust in Disaster Risk Reduction: A Critical Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 21:29. [PMID: 38248494 PMCID: PMC10815059 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the concept of trust within the domain of natural disaster management. Trust can be defined as a state of vulnerability where one party relies on another party with the expectation that the latter will carry out entrusted responsibilities without exploiting this inherent vulnerability. This comprehensive literature review is dedicated to the examination of research concerning community and institutional trust in the field of disaster risk reduction (DRR). Particular emphasis is placed on elucidating the influence of trust throughout the distinct phases of natural disaster management, namely prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery. The critical examination of the pertinent body of the literature demonstrates that trust plays a central role across the different phases of DRR, being positively associated with effective community responses and resilience. Hence, it becomes imperative to actively foster the development of trust at both institutional and community levels within the realm of DRR. This endeavor is essential for adequately preparing communities to confront natural disasters, crafting effective protocols to enhance community responsiveness and mitigate adverse consequences, and advancing strategies for successful reconstruction and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubinia Celeste Bonfanti
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Kore University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy; (R.C.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Benedetta Oberti
- Center for Climate Change and Transformation, Eurac Research, Viale Druso 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (B.O.); (E.R.)
| | - Elisa Ravazzoli
- Center for Climate Change and Transformation, Eurac Research, Viale Druso 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (B.O.); (E.R.)
- Institute for Regional Development, Eurac Research, Viale Druso 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Anna Rinaldi
- Department of Economics, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Largo Abbazia S. Scolastica, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Stefano Ruggieri
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Kore University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy; (R.C.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Adriano Schimmenti
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Kore University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy; (R.C.B.); (S.R.)
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Kimhi S, Eshel Y, Marciano H, Adini B. Impact of the war in Ukraine on resilience, protective, and vulnerability factors. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1053940. [PMID: 37397735 PMCID: PMC10311639 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1053940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
War or armed conflict is one of the most severe human-made adversities. The current study examines the resilience, protective, and vulnerability factors of a sample of Ukrainian civilians, during the current Russian-Ukrainian war. The level of resilience and coping indicators were compared with the responses of an Israeli sample following an armed conflict in May 2021. The data were collected by an internet panel company. A representative sample of Ukrainian residents (N = 1,001) responded to an online questionnaire. A stratified sampling method was employed regarding geographic distribution, gender, and age. The data concerning the Israeli population (N = 647) were also collected by an internet panel company during a recent armed conflict with Gaza (May 2021). Three notable results emerged in this study: (a) The Ukrainian sample reported significantly higher levels of the following: Distress symptoms, sense of danger, and perceived threats, compared with the Israeli sample. However, despite these harsh feelings, the Ukrainian respondents reported substantially higher levels of hope and societal resilience compared, to their Israeli counterparts, and somewhat higher individual and community resilience. (b) The protective factors of the respondents in Ukraine (level of hope, wellbeing, and morale), predicted the three types of resilience (individual, community, and social) better than the vulnerability factors (sense of danger, distress symptoms, and level of threats). (c) The best predictors of the three types of resilience were hope and wellbeing. (d) The demographic characteristics of the Ukrainian respondents hardly added to the prediction of the three types of resilience. It appears that a war that threatens the independence and sovereignty of a country may, under certain conditions, enhance the societal resilience and hope of the population under risk, despite a lower sense of wellbeing and higher levels of distress, sense of danger, and perceived threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaul Kimhi
- School of Public Health, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yohanan Eshel
- Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Stress and Resilience Research Center, Tel Hai, Israel
| | - Hadas Marciano
- Stress and Resilience Research Center, Tel-Hai College, Tel Hai, Israel
- Institute of Information Processing and Decision Making, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Bruria Adini
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Management, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and ResWell Research Collaboration, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Wei W, Liu Y, Zhou N, Tian M, Xie L, Watson R, Dai F, Chen Y, Hu W. Constructing an emergency preparedness evaluation index system for public use during major emerging infectious disease outbreaks: a Delphi study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1109. [PMID: 37291522 PMCID: PMC10249543 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15980-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The major emerging infectious diseases (MEIDs) have occurred frequently and become increasingly serious in the world. Sufficient personal emergency preparedness is critical for the general people in efficiently responding to and recovering from MEIDs. Nevertheless, few specific indicators are available for assessing the individual emergency preparedness of the general public during these periods. Therefore, the aim of this study was to construct an index system for comprehensively evaluating the personal emergency preparedness of the public regarding MEIDs. METHODS Based on the global national-level emergency preparedness index framework and a literature review, a preliminary index system was constructed. From June 2022 to September 2022, a panel of 20 experts from nine provinces and municipalities across multiple research areas participated in this Delphi study. They rated the importance of pre-defined indicators using a five-point Likert scale and provided their qualitative comments. According to the feedback of each round of experts, the indicators of the evaluation index system were revised. RESULTS After two rounds of expert consultation the evaluation index system reached a consensus, containing five first-level indicators, cooperating with prevention and control work, improving emergency response capacity, securing supplies and equipment, preparing economic resources, maintaining physical and mental health with affiliated 20 s-level indicators and 53 third-level indicators. The expert authority coefficient of consultation was 0.88 and 0.90. The Kendall's coefficient of concordance of expert consultations was 0.294 and 0.322, respectively. The differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION A valid, reliable and scientific evaluation index system was established. This personal emergency preparedness index system, as a precursor form, will further lay the foundation for the formation of an assessment instrument. At the same time, it could provide a reference for future education and training of emergency preparedness for the general public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, 1 Xianglin Road, Luzhou, China
| | - Yubei Liu
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, 1 Xianglin Road, Luzhou, China
| | - Na Zhou
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, 1 Xianglin Road, Luzhou, China
| | - Min Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Luzhou, China
| | - Longsheng Xie
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Luzhou, China
| | - Roger Watson
- Health and Social Care Faculty, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, USA
| | - Fengling Dai
- Department of Science and Technology, Southwest Medical University, 1 Xianglin Road, Luzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Chen
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, 1 Xianglin Road, Luzhou, China.
- Department of Nursing, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Luzhou, China.
| | - Weili Hu
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, 1 Xianglin Road, Luzhou, China.
- College of Humanities and Management, Southwest Medical University, 1 Xianglin Road, Luzhou, China.
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