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Zhang M, Chi C, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Tao X, Liu H, Xuan B. Prevalence of smartphone addiction and its relation with psychological distress and internet gaming disorder among medical college students. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1362121. [PMID: 38887253 PMCID: PMC11182557 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1362121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of smartphone addiction has been widely studied, but the research on the relationship between smartphone addiction and psychological distress and internet gaming disorder is limited. This study investigated the characteristics and prevalence of smartphone addiction and its relation with psychological distress and internet gaming disorder. Furthermore, it provides the scientific basis for intervention measures in schools, families, and society. Methods A random cluster sampling method was applied to investigate 656 medical students from grades 1 to 4 at Wannan Medical College in Anhui province, People's Republic of China. The questionnaire consisted of general information, a smartphone addiction scale, an Internet gaming disorder scale, and a Kessler 6-item psychological distress test. The obtained results were first summarized using descriptive statistics. The Chi-square test was used to compare the status of smartphone addiction. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between smartphone addiction and various variables. Results Our results showed that the prevalence of smartphone addiction in medical students was 49.5% (325/656). Psychological distress (p < 0.001), internet gaming disorder (p < 0.001), and childhood trauma (p = 0.001) were highly correlated with smartphone addiction in medical students. Psychological distress, and internet gaming disorder were positively associated with smartphone addiction (p < 0.000). Conclusion The prevalence of smartphone addiction is high among medical students in Chinese. Smartphone addiction is highly related to related to internet gaming disorder and psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- School of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
- School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Chenru Chi
- Graduate School of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Qingwei Liu
- School of Nursing, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- School of Medical Imaging of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Xiubin Tao
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Hemodialysis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Bin Xuan
- School of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
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Tang S, Chen R, Ma Z, Li X, Chen J, Zhao J. Associations of problematic smartphone use with depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation in university students before and after the COVID-19 outbreak: A meta-analysis. Addict Behav 2024; 152:107969. [PMID: 38290322 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.107969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Problematic smartphone use (PSU) has been suggested to present with depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation (SI) as well as sleep disturbance, lack of social support, and emotional isolation. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the association between PSU with depressive symptoms and SI in university students, and to determine the potential influence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. METHODS Observational studies pertinent to our research were identified through comprehensive searches of the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases. To account for potential heterogeneity, the random-effects models were employed to aggregate the findings. RESULTS Eighteen datasets from 17 case-control studies, including 24,019 university students, were included. Among them, 8,775 (36.5 %) had PSU. A higher prevalence of depressive symptoms (odds ratio [OR]: 2.40, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 2.19 to 2.63, p < 0.001; prediction interval: 1.95 to 2.96) was observed in university students with higher scores for PSU measures. A subgroup analysis showed a stronger association between PSU and depressive symptoms after the COVID-19 outbreak as compared to that before the outbreak (OR: 2.76 versus 2.16, p for subgroup difference = 0.002), which explained the heterogeneity. The association between PSU and depressive symptoms in university students was similar to those reported in studies from China and other countries, and in studies with different quality scores. Finally, a meta-analysis of three studies suggested that PSU was also associated with the prevalence of SI (OR: 2.18, 95 % CI: 1.77 to 2.68, p < 0.001; I2 = 0 %). CONCLUSION In university students, PSU may be a risk factor for depressive symptoms and SI, and the association between PSU and depressive symptoms became stronger after the COVID-19 outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyao Tang
- Mental Health Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Rongning Chen
- Mental Health Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zijie Ma
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Xueguo Li
- Mental Health Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jianbin Chen
- Mental Health Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jingbo Zhao
- Mental Health Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Tang Y, Xu J, Zhao Y, Davis T, Zhang H. Parental Phubbing and Adolescent Smartphone Addiction: Depression and Perceived School Climate Matter. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2024; 27:287-293. [PMID: 38407868 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2023.0300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the association between parental phubbing and adolescents' smartphone addiction, the mediating role of depression, and the moderating role of perceived school climate in the association. Seven hundred forty-two Chinese adolescents (Mage = 12.97, SD = 0.64, 45.55 percent female) were recruited and self-reported questionnaires were administered. Results indicated that parental phubbing was positively associated with adolescents' smartphone addiction. Depression partially mediated the above relation. Further, perceived school climate moderated the relation between parental phubbing and depression, such that the positive association between parental phubbing and depression was stronger among adolescents who perceived their school climate as more negative (vs. positive). The findings deepened our understanding of the relation between parenting behaviors and adolescents' smartphone addiction and implications for interventions and practices were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tang
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingyi Xu
- Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Yunxin Zhao
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Toshanna Davis
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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Yang H, Wang Z, Jiang Y, Tang J. Absolute and relative preferences for mobile phone internet content, mobile phone dependence, and depressive symptoms: a study of Chinese university students in the post-pandemic era. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1247438. [PMID: 37905240 PMCID: PMC10613496 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1247438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Chinese university students may have increased mobile phone dependence, a habitual behavior in the student population and a risk factor for depressive symptoms. Therefore, this study explored the association between mobile phone dependence and depressive symptoms in Chinese university students in the post-pandemic era. It also investigated the effects of different types and categories of mobile phone Internet content preferences. In particular, this study examined whether mobile phone dependence mediates the relationship between absolute preference (AP) for mobile phone Internet content and depressive symptoms, and whether relative preference (RP) for mobile phone Internet content moderates the association between mobile phone dependence and depressive symptoms. Methods A cross-sectional study of Chinese university students recruited through Credamo was conducted in February-March, 2023. Participants completed the Mobile Phone Internet Content Preference Questionnaire, Self-rating Questionnaire for Adolescent Problematic Mobile Phone Use, and Center for Epidemiological Survey, Depression Scale. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, correlation, regression, and analyses of mediation and moderation effects. The final sample comprised 1,602 students (709 males). Results We found a positive association between mobile phone dependence and depressive symptoms. The mediating role of mobile phone dependence between AP for mobile phone Internet content and depressive symptoms differed according to the type and category of content. Meanwhile, different types and categories of RP for mobile phone Internet content moderated the association between mobile phone dependence and depressive symptoms in opposite directions. Conclusion Our results highlight the interrelationships among mobile phone Internet content preferences, mobile phone dependence, and depressive symptoms in Chinese university students. For different types and categories of mobile phone Internet content preferences, we propose distinct preventive measures to alleviate students' depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yang
- School of Marxism, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhikang Wang
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yujie Jiang
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Tang
- School of Marxism, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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Nikolic A, Bukurov B, Kocic I, Vukovic M, Ladjevic N, Vrhovac M, Pavlović Z, Grujicic J, Kisic D, Sipetic S. Smartphone addiction, sleep quality, depression, anxiety, and stress among medical students. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1252371. [PMID: 37744504 PMCID: PMC10512032 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1252371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Studies consistently link excessive smartphone use to poor sleep quality, depression, anxiety, and stress. This study specifically aimed to investigate these associations among medical students in Belgrade and Nis (Central Serbia). Materials and methods The cross-sectional study included a sample of 761 students, who were selected from both the Faculties of Medicine at the University of Belgrade and the University of Nis. Questionnaires, including the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF), Smartphone Addiction Scale - Short Version (SAS-SV), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale - 21 items (DASS-21), were completed by the participants. Statistical analysis techniques, such as the Chi-square test, student's t-test, and logistic regression, were employed to examine the relationship between smartphone addiction, physical activity, sleep quality, depression, anxiety, and stress. Results The findings indicated a prevalence of smartphone addiction among medical students at 21.7%, with rates of 22.9% among males and 21.1% among females. Females exhibited significantly higher scores on the SAS-SV scale compared to males (p = 0.032). Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed significant associations between smartphone addiction and spending over 4 h daily on smartphones (OR = 2.39; p < 0.001), poor sleep quality (OR = 1.65; p = 0,005), as well as elevated levels of stress (OR = 1.75; p = 0.003), anxiety (OR = 2.04; p < 0.001), and depression (OR = 2.29; p < 0.001). Multivariate regression analysis identified spending more than 4 h daily on smartphones (OR = 2.39; p < 0.001) and increased levels of depression (OR = 2.51; p < 0.001) as independent significant factors associated with smartphone addiction. Conclusion This study sheds light on the prevalence of smartphone addiction among medical students, with spending excessive time on smartphones and higher levels of depression standing out as significant factors. Future research should delve into the underlying mechanisms and causal relationships between smartphone addiction and these psychosocial factors. Understanding these connections will aid in developing effective interventions and strategies to tackle this growing public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Nikolic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Epidemiology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojana Bukurov
- Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Clinical Center of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ilija Kocic
- Covid Hospital Krusevac, University Clinical Center of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Milica Vukovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Social Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nikola Ladjevic
- Urology Hospital, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miljana Vrhovac
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorana Pavlović
- Clinic for Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University Clinical Center of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovan Grujicic
- University of Arkansans for Medical Science, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Darija Kisic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Epidemiology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sandra Sipetic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Epidemiology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Zhao H, Song T, Rafik-Galea S, Dong J, Fitriana M, Ji Y, Zhang J. The reciprocal relationships between meaning in life and smartphone addiction among Chinese college students: evidence from a three-wave cross-lagged panel model. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1202741. [PMID: 37521981 PMCID: PMC10372791 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1202741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous cross-sectional studies have shown that meaning in life (MIL) is closely associated with college students' smartphone addiction (SA), but the causal relationship between MIL and college students' SA is uncertain. Therefore, conducting a longitudinal study to explore their relationship is very necessary. Furthermore, some studies have implied possible gender differences in the relationship between MIL and SA and the relationship between SA and MIL. Therefore, it is necessary to further examine whether there are gender differences in the above relationships. Methods The present study constructed a three-wave cross-lag panel model to explore the relationships between MIL and college students' SA. Three waves of data were collected from 705 college students (male: 338; female: 367) in China for three consecutive years, and the interval of data collection was 1 year. These college students completed the same online questionnaire regarding MIL and SA. Results (1) The MIL of male college students was significantly stronger than that of female college students at time 1, time 2, and time 3, (2) Female college students' SA at time 1, time 2, and time 3 was more serious than that of male college students, (3) There were reciprocal relationships between MIL and college students' SA, (4) The influence of MIL on female college students' SA was significantly stronger than that of male college students, and (5) The influence of SA on female college students' MIL was significantly stronger than that of male college students. Conclusion This study showed reciprocal relationships between MIL and SA among male college students and female college students. The findings further deepen our understanding of the relationship between MIL and SA and provide a gender perspective for preventing or intervening with college students' SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhao
- School of Education, Shandong Women's University, Jinan, China
- Faculty of Education, Languages, Psychology and Music, SEGI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tianjiao Song
- School of Education, Shandong Women's University, Jinan, China
- Faculty of Education, Languages, Psychology and Music, SEGI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shameem Rafik-Galea
- Faculty of Education, Languages, Psychology and Music, SEGI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jihe Dong
- School of Education, Shandong Women's University, Jinan, China
| | - Mimi Fitriana
- Faculty of Arts and Science, International University of Malaya-Wales, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yanhong Ji
- School of Education, Shandong Women's University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianling Zhang
- School of Education, Shandong Women's University, Jinan, China
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Ziwei Z, Hua Y, Liu A. Bidirectional association between depressive symptoms and cardiovascular disease in the middle-aged and elderly Chinese: a 5-year longitudinal study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e071175. [PMID: 37407047 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-071175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depressive symptoms and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are important issues affecting the health of the middle-aged and elderly population in China. This study aimed to investigate the bidirectional association between depressive symptoms and CVD in middle-aged and elderly people in China. DESIGN A 5-year longitudinal study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS We included 6702 middle-aged and elderly participants from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), which is a nationwide longitudinal household survey that started in 2011 (T1) and followed up every 2 years in 2013 (T2) and 2015 (T3). OUTCOME MEASURES Depressive symptoms were measured by the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Binary logistic regression was used to identify the influencing factors of depressive symptoms and CVD at T1. The cross-lagged panel model was used to analyse the association between depressive symptoms and CVD at T1, T2 and T3. RESULTS The CHARLS is a representative longitudinal survey of people aged ≥45 years. Using data extracted from the CHARLS, overall, at T1, 2621 (39.10%) participants had depressive symptoms and 432 (6.4%) had CVD, and at T3, 2423 (36.2%) had depressive symptoms and 760 (11.3%) had CVD, respectively. Depressive symptoms at T1 had a effect on CVD at T2 (β=0.015, p=0.009), and depressive symptoms at T2 had an effect on CVD at T3 (β=0.015, p=0.034). CVD at T1 predicted depressive symptoms at T2 (β=0.036, p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS There is a bidirectional predictive effect between depressive symptoms and CVD. The effect of depressive symptoms on CVD is stable, and CVD has an effect on depressive symptoms in a short period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Ziwei
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yumeng Hua
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Aiping Liu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
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