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Schnettler B, Miranda-Zapata E, Orellana L, Saracostti M, Poblete H, Lobos G, Adasme-Berríos C, Lapo M, Beroiza K, Concha-Salgado A, Riquelme-Segura L, Sepúlveda JA, Reutter K. Intra- and Inter-Individual Associations of Family-to-Work Conflict, Psychological Distress, and Job Satisfaction: Gender Differences in Dual-Earner Parents during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:56. [PMID: 38247708 PMCID: PMC10813670 DOI: 10.3390/bs14010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic changed the work-family interface dynamics in some families. For couples who kept earning a double income during the pandemic, their family demands may entail a loss of psychological resources that affect the work domain. This study explored the intra-individual and inter-individual (crossover) direct and indirect effects of family-to-work conflict (FtoWC) on psychological distress and job satisfaction in a non-probabilistic sample of 860 different-sex dual-earner parents with adolescent children from Temuco and Rancagua, Chile. Mothers and fathers answered an online questionnaire measuring FtoWC, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale, and the Overall Job Satisfaction Scale. The data were analyzed using the actor-partner interdependence model with structural equation modeling. Results showed that a higher FtoWC is linked to greater psychological distress and lower job satisfaction in both parents. In contrast, psychological distress is directly linked to lower job satisfaction in fathers. In both fathers and mothers, they and their partners' FtoWC were indirectly linked to lower job satisfaction via the fathers' psychological distress. These findings indicate the need for gender-sensitive social and labor policies aimed at reducing the conflict between family and work to increase job satisfaction in both parents and reduce psychological distress, particularly in fathers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Schnettler
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Centro de Excelencia en Psicología Económica y del Consumo, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (L.O.); (H.P.); (K.B.); (J.A.S.); (K.R.)
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil 090615, Ecuador;
| | - Edgardo Miranda-Zapata
- Centro de Investigación Escolar y Desarrollo, Cied-UCT, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4780000, Chile;
- Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco 4801087, Chile
| | - Ligia Orellana
- Centro de Excelencia en Psicología Económica y del Consumo, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (L.O.); (H.P.); (K.B.); (J.A.S.); (K.R.)
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
| | - Mahia Saracostti
- Escuela de Trabajo Social, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile;
- Departamento de Trabajo Social, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8330015, Chile
| | - Héctor Poblete
- Centro de Excelencia en Psicología Económica y del Consumo, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (L.O.); (H.P.); (K.B.); (J.A.S.); (K.R.)
| | - Germán Lobos
- Facultad de Economía y Negocios, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3465548, Chile;
| | - Cristian Adasme-Berríos
- Departamento de Economía y Administración, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3466706, Chile;
| | - María Lapo
- Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil 090615, Ecuador;
| | - Katherine Beroiza
- Centro de Excelencia en Psicología Económica y del Consumo, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (L.O.); (H.P.); (K.B.); (J.A.S.); (K.R.)
| | | | | | - José A. Sepúlveda
- Centro de Excelencia en Psicología Económica y del Consumo, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (L.O.); (H.P.); (K.B.); (J.A.S.); (K.R.)
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
| | - Karol Reutter
- Centro de Excelencia en Psicología Económica y del Consumo, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (L.O.); (H.P.); (K.B.); (J.A.S.); (K.R.)
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Hurel C, Ehlinger V, Molcho M, Cohen JF, Falissard B, Sentenac M, Godeau E. Life satisfaction in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic among middle school adolescents in France: findings from a repeated cross-sectional survey (EnCLASS, 2012-2021). Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1204171. [PMID: 37614904 PMCID: PMC10443644 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1204171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Since the COVID-19 pandemic, several studies have reported a decrease in adolescents' well-being. We aim to describe life satisfaction over the last decade and examine the factors associated with its variations between 2020 and 2021 among French students in their last year of middle school (around 14-15 years old). Methods Data were drawn from a repeated biennial cross-sectional national survey conducted in French schools over the last decade (EnCLASS study), using a self-administered questionnaire. After describing life satisfaction trends between 2012 and 2021 using the Cantril ladder, we examined individual changes in life satisfaction between 2020 and 2021 and their associations with housing and studying conditions during the COVID-19 lockdown, using multinomial logistic regression analysis (decrease, increase, no change as reference). Results Among the 17,686 survey respondents, an overall slight decrease in the prevalence of adolescents reporting high life satisfaction (i.e., Cantril score ≥6) was observed since 2012 with the lowest proportion reported in 2021 (77.4%). Between 2020 and 2021, 16.3% of French adolescents experienced an improvement in life satisfaction, while 17.7% experienced the opposite. Decrease in life satisfaction between 2020 and 2021 was more likely experienced by adolescents living in reconstructed families [aOR 2.09 (95%CI, 1.58-2.77)], those who did not have their own room [aOR 1.58 (1.16-2.15)], nor access to the Internet to interact with their friends during the lockdown [aOR 1.47 (1.09-1.98)]. Interestingly, more girls than boys were represented in both those reporting increase and decrease in life satisfaction [aOR 1.82 (1.40-2.37) and 1.43 (1.14-1.79), respectively]. Conclusions This study shows that the way adolescents experienced the first 2020 lockdown in France was not uniform, and that one must consider sex as well as housing and studying conditions when interpreting adolescents' life satisfaction decrease during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Hurel
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, EHESP School of Public Health, Rennes, France
- Rennes University, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Rennes, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Rennes, France
| | - Virginie Ehlinger
- UMR 1295 CERPOP, Inserm, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Team SPHERE, Toulouse, France
| | - Michal Molcho
- Department of Children’s Studies, School of Education, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jérémie F. Cohen
- Department of General Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Obstetrical Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team, EPOPé, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Falissard
- Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, CESP, Inserm U1018, Paris, France
- Public Health and Epidemiology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital du Kremlin Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Mariane Sentenac
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Obstetrical Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team, EPOPé, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Godeau
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, EHESP School of Public Health, Rennes, France
- UMR 1295 CERPOP, Inserm, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Team SPHERE, Toulouse, France
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