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Racil G, Chelly MS, Coquart J, Padulo J, Teodor DF, Russo L. Long- and Short-Term High-Intensity Interval Training on Lipid Profile and Cardiovascular Disorders in Obese Male Adolescents. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1180. [PMID: 37508677 PMCID: PMC10378083 DOI: 10.3390/children10071180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of short-term and long-term periods (8 and 16 weeks) of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on cardiovascular components, blood lipids, and 6-min walking test performance in obese young boys (age = 16.2 ± 0.7) with >34% body fat. The participants were split into two groups: severe obesity (SOG; n = 17) and moderate obesity (MOG; n = 16). All participants performed on a cycle ergometer for 16 weeks (3 times per week) of HIIT at 100% peak power output at the ventilatory threshold and recovered at 50% of peak power. Except for BMI, both groups improved all body composition measures after 16 weeks, with a higher percentage of change (Δ) in SOG. The 6-min walking test increased in both groups (p < 0.001). Furthermore, cardiovascular variables, blood lactate concentration at rest and after 5-min post-exercise, blood lipids, and insulin concentrations improved significantly in both groups. After 16 weeks, MOG significantly improved in HRpeak, blood glucose concentration, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE), but the percentage of change (Δ) was higher in SOG for all the other variables. SOG showed a higher (Δ) waist-to-hip ratio, maximum heart rate, resting heart rate, systolic blood pressure, blood lactate at 5-min post-exercise, and triglyceride concentrations after 8 and 16 weeks of training. In conclusion, a long-term HIIT program appears to be an appropriate training approach for obese boys with extra body fat. However, considering the RPE values, short-duration training sessions should be planned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazi Racil
- Research Laboratory (LR23JS01) "Sport Performance, Health & Society", Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, University of Manouba, Tunis 1000, Tunisia
- Department of Biological Sciences Applied for Physical Activities and Sport, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, University of Manouba, Manouba 2010, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed-Souhaiel Chelly
- Research Laboratory (LR23JS01) "Sport Performance, Health & Society", Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, University of Manouba, Tunis 1000, Tunisia
- Department of Biological Sciences Applied for Physical Activities and Sport, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, University of Manouba, Manouba 2010, Tunisia
| | - Jeremy Coquart
- Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULR 7369-URePSSS-Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Johnny Padulo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Dragos Florin Teodor
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900029 Constanta, Romania
| | - Luca Russo
- Department of Human Sciences, Università Telematica Degli Studi IUL, 50122 Florence, Italy
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Gervasi M, Fernández-Peña E, Patti A, Benelli P, Sisti D, Padulo J, Boullosa D. Moderate intensity active recovery improves performance in a second wingate test in cyclists. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18168. [PMID: 37496921 PMCID: PMC10366462 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of active (AR) vs. passive recovery (PR) between two Wingate Anaerobic Tests (WAnT) on power output, blood lactate (BLa) and oxygen consumption (VO2) in a second WAnT. Methods Twelve well-trained cyclists underwent three experimental sessions. In the first session, they completed an incremental test for maximum oxygen consumption (V O2max) and lactate threshold determination. In the second and third sessions, cyclists completed, in random order, two WAnT tests separated by 30-min recovery intervals, during which they performed an AR at 70% of the V O2 at lactate threshold (V O2LT) or a PR. The cardiorespiratory, metabolic, and mechanical responses in the two recovery conditions were compared. Results No differences were found in the VO2-on kinetics between WAnT tests (p > 0.05). As expected, blood lactate kinetics showed a greater clearance (from the 7th to the 31st min, p < 0.001) during AR; however, no differences were found in peak BLa between conditions (p > 0.05). Mean and peak power, and total work were significantly higher in the second WAnT after AR (p < 0.001), while the power decline was also lower in this condition (p < 0.05). Conclusion The submaximal active recovery strategy used in the present study can induce an improvement in mechanical power and total work during a second WAnT. This suggests that AR of submaximal intensity can induce a post-activation performance enhancement when used during the recovery phase between maximal anaerobic efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gervasi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences - Division of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Eneko Fernández-Peña
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Antonino Patti
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Piero Benelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences - Division of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Davide Sisti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences - Division of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Johnny Padulo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniel Boullosa
- Universidad de León, León, Spain
- College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
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Belli G, Toselli S, Mauro M, Maietta Latessa P, Russo L. Relation between Photogrammetry and Spinal Mouse for Sagittal Imbalance Assessment in Adolescents with Thoracic Kyphosis. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2023; 8:jfmk8020068. [PMID: 37218864 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk8020068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of postural alignment in childhood and adolescence is fundamental for sports, health, and daily life activities. Spinal Mouse (SM) and photogrammetry (PG) are two of the most debated tools in postural evaluation because choosing the proper instrument is also important to avoid false or misleading data. This research aims to find out the best linear regression models that could relate the analytic kyphosis measurements of the SM with one or more PG parameters of body posture in adolescents with kyphotic posture. Thirty-four adolescents with structural and non-structural kyphosis were analyzed (13.1 ± 1.8 years; 1.59 ± 0.13 m; 47.0 ± 12.2 kg) using SM and PG on the sagittal plane in a standing and forward-bending position, allowing us to measure body vertical inclination, trunk flexion, and sacral inclination and hip position during bending. The stepwise backward procedure was assessed to estimate the variability of the grade of inclination of the spine and thoracic spine curvature with fixed upper and lower limits, evaluated with SM during flexion. In both models, the PG angle between the horizontal line and a line connecting the sacral endplate-C7 spinous process and the PG hip position were the best regressors (adjusted-R2 SM bend = 0.804, p < 0.001; adjusted-R2 SM fixed bending = 0.488, p < 0.001). Several Spinal Mouse and photogrammetry parameters showed significant correlations, especially when the Spinal Mouse measurements were taken when the adolescents were in the forward-bending position. Physicians and kinesiologists may consider photogrammetry as a good method for spinal curve prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Belli
- Department of Sciences for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Stefania Toselli
- Department of Sciences for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Mario Mauro
- Department of Sciences for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | | | - Luca Russo
- Department of Human Sciences, IUL Telematic University, 50122 Florence, Italy
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Padulo J, Buglione A, Larion A, Esposito F, Doria C, Čular D, di Prampero PE, Peyré-Tartaruga LA. Energy cost differences between marathon runners and soccer players: Constant versus shuttle running. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1159228. [PMID: 37234418 PMCID: PMC10206428 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1159228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: In the last decades, the energy cost assessment provided new insight on shuttle or constant running as training modalities. No study, though, quantified the benefit of constant/shuttle running in soccer-players and runners. Therefore, the aim of this study was to clarify if marathon runners and soccer players present specific energy cost values related to their training experience performing constant and shuttle running. Methods: To this aim, eight runners (age 34 ± 7.30y; training experience 5.70 ± 0.84y) and eight soccer-players (age 18.38 ± 0.52y; training experience 5.75 ± 1.84y) were assessed randomly for 6' on shuttle-running or constant-running with 3 days of recovery in-between. For each condition, the blood lactate (BL) and the energy cost of constant (Cr) and shuttle running (CSh) was determined. To assess differences for metabolic demand in terms of Cr, CSh and BL over the two running conditions on the two groups a MANOVA was used. Results: V·O2max were 67.9 ± 4.5 and 56.8 ± 4.3 ml·min-1 kg-1 (p = 0.0002) for marathon runners and soccer players, respectively. On constant running, the runners had a lower Cr compared to soccer players (3.86 ± 0.16 J kg-1m-1 vs. 4.19 ± 0.26 J kg-1 m-1; F = 9.759, respectively; p = 0.007). On shuttle running, runners had a higher CSh compared to soccer players (8.66 ± 0.60 J kg-1 m-1 vs. 7.86 ± 0.51 J kg-1 m-1; F = 8.282, respectively; with p = 0.012). BL on constant running was lower in runners compared to soccer players (1.06 ± 0.07 mmol L-1 vs. 1.56 ± 0.42 mmol L-1, respectively; with p = 0.005). Conversely, BL on shuttle running was higher in runners compared to soccer players 7.99 ± 1.49 mmol L-1 vs. 6.04 ± 1.69 mmol L-1, respectively; with p = 0.028). Conclusion: The energy cost optimization on constant or shuttle running is strictly related to the sport practiced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Padulo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Buglione
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Alin Larion
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Ovidius University of Constanta, Constanta, Romania
| | - Fabio Esposito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- IRCSS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Christian Doria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Dražen Čular
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
- Einsten, Startup for Research, Development, Education, Trade and Services, Split, Croatia
- European Institute for Talents, Education, Research and Development, Split, Croatia
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Russo L, Belli G, Di Blasio A, Lupu E, Larion A, Fischetti F, Montagnani E, Di Biase Arrivabene P, De Angelis M. The Impact of Nordic Walking Pole Length on Gait Kinematic Parameters. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2023; 8:jfmk8020050. [PMID: 37218846 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk8020050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nordic walking (NW) is a popular physical activity used to manage chronic diseases and maintain overall health and fitness status. This study aimed to compare NW to ordinary walking (W) with regard to pole length and to identify kinematic differences associated with different poles' length (55%, 65% and 75% of the subject's height, respectively). Twelve male volunteers (21.1 ± 0.7 years; 1.74 ± 0.05 m; 68.9 ± 6.1 kg) were tested in four conditions (W, NW55, NW65 and NW75) at three different speeds (4-5-6 km∗h-1). Each subject performed a total of twelve tests in a random order. Three-dimensional kinematics of upper and lower body were measured for both W and NW, while oxygen consumption levels (VO2) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured only for NW trials with different poles' length. NW showed a higher step length, lower elbow motion and higher trunk motion (p < 0.05) compared to W. Additionally, NW65 did not show any kinematic or RPE differences compared to NW55 and NW75. Only NW75 showed a higher elbow joint (p < 0.05) and lower pole (p < 0.05) range of motion compared to NW55 and a higher VO2 (p < 0.05) compared to NW55 and NW65 at 6 km∗h-1. In conclusion, the use of the poles affects the motion of the upper and lower body during gait. Poles with shorter or longer length do not produce particular changes in NW kinematics. However, increasing the length of the pole can be a smart variation in NW to increase exercise metabolic demand without significantly affecting the kinematics and the RPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Russo
- Department of Human Sciences, Università Telematica degli Studi IUL, 50122 Florence, Italy
| | - Guido Belli
- Department of Sciences for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Andrea Di Blasio
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Elena Lupu
- Department of Motor Activities, Petroleum Gas University Ploiesti, 100600 Ploiesti, Romania
| | - Alin Larion
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900029 Constanta, Romania
| | - Francesco Fischetti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Study of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Montagnani
- Department of Sports and Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4AT, UK
| | | | - Marco De Angelis
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
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A Competitive Sprinter's Resting Blood Lactate Levels Fluctuate with a One-Year Training Cycle: Case Reports. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2021; 6:jfmk6040095. [PMID: 34842747 PMCID: PMC8628947 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk6040095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that the variability of resting blood lactate concentration (BLa) is related to metabolic capacity. However, it is unclear whether the resting BLa of athletes can be utilized as a metabolic biomarker. This longitudinal case study tested the hypothesis that resting BLa levels in the morning fluctuate with a 1-year training cycle. The subject was an adult male sprinter, and BLa and blood glucose at the time of waking were measured every day for 1 year. The training cycles were divided into five phases: 1. Basic training: high-intensity and high-volume load; 2. Condition and speed training: high-intensity and low-volume load; 3. Competition training I: track race and high-intensity load; 4. Conditioning for injury; 5. Competition training II. The mean BLa levels in the basic training (1.10 ± 0.32 mmol/L and competition training I (1.06 ± 0.28 mmol/L) phases were significantly lower than in the condition and speed training (1.26 ± 0.40 mmol/L) and conditioning injury (1.37 ± 0.34 mmol/L) phases. The clarified training cycle dependence of resting BLa is suggested to be related to the ability to utilize lactate as an energy substrate with fluctuations in oxidative metabolic capacity. This case report supports the tentative hypothesis that resting BLa may be a biomarker index linked to the metabolic capacity according to the training cycle.
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Acute Effects of a Percussive Massage Treatment on Movement Velocity during Resistance Training. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18157726. [PMID: 34360032 PMCID: PMC8345385 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to verify whether the application of percussion therapy during inter-set rest periods increases the number of repetitions performed before reaching a 30% velocity loss threshold during a bench press exercise. Methods: Twenty-four male university students participated in this study (24.3 ± 1.3 years; 77.5 ± 8.3 kg; 177.0 ± 5.6 cm; 24.7 ± 2.6 kg∙m-2). Participants were randomized into two groups: a percussion therapy group (PTG) and a control group (CG). They performed 4 sets at 70% of a one-repetition maximum before reaching a 30% velocity loss threshold with an inter-set recovery of 3 min. Results: The PTG performed a greater total number of repetitions compared to the CG (44.6 ± 4.8 vs. 39.5 ± 6.8; p = 0.047; ES = 0.867). No differences were observed for the different movement velocity variables and fatigue control (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Percussion therapy is an effective method to delay the loss of movement velocity in the bench press exercise.
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