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Ball E, Larkin A, Hung G. Computed tomography of a canine omental torsion secondary to a chronic abdominal gossypiboma and concurrent incidental broad ligament torsion. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2024; 65:193-198. [PMID: 38349209 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A 5-year-old female spayed Dogue de Bordeaux was referred for concerns of an abdominal mass and peritoneal effusion. Abdominal radiographs identified a mid-ventral abdominal soft tissue opaque mass containing a radiopaque marker consistent with a gossypiboma. Contrast-enhanced abdominal CT identified two whirl signs associated with the abdominal gossypiboma. Exploratory laparotomy confirmed an omental torsion with encapsulated gossypiboma and concurrent incidental torsion of the remnant of the right broad ligament. Based on a literature review, omental torsions are an unreported complication of gossypibomas in canids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Ball
- VCA Canada Western Veterinary Specialist and Emergency Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Amy Larkin
- VCA Canada Western Veterinary Specialist and Emergency Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Germaine Hung
- VCA Canada Western Veterinary Specialist and Emergency Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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2
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Kim EP, Shin JH, Kim WH, Kim GA. Integrated miRNA Changes in Canine Testis and Epididymis According to Age and Presence of Cryptorchidism. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13081390. [PMID: 37106953 PMCID: PMC10135127 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to investigate age-, cryptorchidism-, and testicular tumor-related changes in miRNAs in the testis and epididymis of dogs. Twelve healthy male dogs were divided into two groups: young (<1 year, n = 8) and old (>3 years, n = 4). Five dogs with unilateral cryptorchidism, one with a Sertoli cell tumor, and one with seminoma were referred to a veterinary hospital. After surgery, the testes and epididymis tails were collected. A high-throughput miRNA array analysis was performed to identify miRNAs affected by age, cryptorchidism, and testicular tumors. The expression of only cfa-miR-503 was downregulated in the epididymis of younger dogs, whereas the expression of 64 miRNAs was upregulated. Among them, the top five miRNAs were cfa-miR-26a, cfa-miR-200c, cfa-let-7c, cfa-let-7b, and cfa-let-7a. The expression of cfa-miR-148a and cfa-miR-497 was considerably lower in cryptorchid testis than in healthy dog testis. In the epididymis, the cfa-miR-1841 level was significantly decreased. We observed a significant difference in the expression of 26 cfa-miRNAs between testicular tumors and normal tissues. This study demonstrated that aging and cryptorchidism have a causal relationship with miRNA expression. The identified miRNAs may be candidate genes for male reproductive traits and could be applied in molecular breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Pyo Kim
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Shin
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Seongnam 13135, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Hee Kim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon A Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Uijeongbu 34824, Republic of Korea
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3
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Slaughter SA, Eitzer AD, Tolliver SE, Holman SN, Colopy SA, Hoey SE, Loeber SJ. Computed tomography of testicular torsion in a juvenile dog with unilateral cryptorchidism. THE CANADIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL = LA REVUE VETERINAIRE CANADIENNE 2022; 63:515-520. [PMID: 35502260 PMCID: PMC9009733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A 14-week-old male unilaterally cryptorchid Clumber spaniel was presented for acute lethargy. Physical examination revealed abdominal pain, and a single testis was palpated in the scrotum. Abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) revealed a poorly vascularized, ovoid structure immediately caudal to the left kidney with scant regional peritoneal effusion. Left intra-abdominal testicular torsion was confirmed at surgery, and routine cryptorchidectomy was performed. The patient recovered uneventfully from anesthesia and surgery. Key clinical message: The most common CT characteristics of testicular torsion were present in this case and correlated well with sonographic findings to allow for rapid, accurate diagnosis and surgical planning of unilateral, non-neoplastic, intra-abdominal cryptorchid testicular torsion in a juvenile dog. Contrast enhanced CT facilitated accurate localization of the undescended testis and evaluation of testicular perfusion and may be a useful alternative to ultrasound for diagnosing testicular torsion, especially in indeterminate cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Slaughter
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA (Slaughter, Eitzer, Tolliver, Holman, Colopy, Hoey, Loeber); School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland (Hoey)
| | - Andrew D Eitzer
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA (Slaughter, Eitzer, Tolliver, Holman, Colopy, Hoey, Loeber); School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland (Hoey)
| | - Sara E Tolliver
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA (Slaughter, Eitzer, Tolliver, Holman, Colopy, Hoey, Loeber); School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland (Hoey)
| | - Sarah N Holman
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA (Slaughter, Eitzer, Tolliver, Holman, Colopy, Hoey, Loeber); School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland (Hoey)
| | - Sara A Colopy
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA (Slaughter, Eitzer, Tolliver, Holman, Colopy, Hoey, Loeber); School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland (Hoey)
| | - Seamus E Hoey
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA (Slaughter, Eitzer, Tolliver, Holman, Colopy, Hoey, Loeber); School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland (Hoey)
| | - Samantha J Loeber
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA (Slaughter, Eitzer, Tolliver, Holman, Colopy, Hoey, Loeber); School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland (Hoey)
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Russo M, England GC, Catone G, Marino G. Imaging of Canine Neoplastic Reproductive Disorders. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051213. [PMID: 33922348 PMCID: PMC8146485 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The diagnosis of canine reproductive neoplasia remains challenging as none of the routinely performed diagnostic methods appear to have sufficient sensitivity or specificity. In recent years, advanced imaging techniques have been successfully performed in small animals; however, even though the incidence of reproductive neoplasia is high, no data are available on the performance of these techniques. This review evaluates the applicability of various diagnostic imaging modalities in dogs and describes the findings and specific patterns that may characterise different tumour types. Lamentably, some of the advanced imaging techniques have not yet been adopted as first-line diagnostic tools, although it is clear that in the future they will become important methods for the detection of male and female reproductive neoplasia. Abstract Diagnostic imaging plays an essential role in the diagnosis and management of reproductive neoplasia in dogs and cats. The initial diagnosis, staging, and planning of surgical and radiation treatment and the response to therapy all involve imaging to varying degrees. Routine radiographs, ultrasound, nuclear medicine, and cross-sectional imaging in the form of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are routinely used in canine reproductive disorders. The choice of imaging modality depends on many factors, including the level of referral and the pathological information required. The biological behaviour of the tumour also guides the choice of imaging in cancer staging, and imaging may play an important role in guiding serial tumour biopsy during the course of therapy. The sophistication of imaging modalities is increasing exponentially. Each modality has advantages and disadvantages in terms of cost, availability, sensitivity, specificity, and qualities of anatomic versus functional imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Russo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples, Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.R.); or (G.M.)
| | - Gary C.W. England
- Sutton Bonington Campus, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK;
| | - Giuseppe Catone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Gabriele Marino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.R.); or (G.M.)
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Sumner SM, Case JB, Regier PJ, Gallastegui A, Oliveira L, Abbott JR. Laparoscopic gonadectomy in a dog with 78,XX/78,XY chimerism and underdeveloped reproductive organs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 258:80-84. [PMID: 33314971 DOI: 10.2460/javma.258.1.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION A 1-year-old externally sexually intact female Great Dane was referred for further evaluation of abnormal and underdeveloped internal reproductive organs. CLINICAL FINDINGS Physical examination findings included a cranioventrally displaced vulva and a grade 2/6 left apical systolic heart murmur. No uterus or ovaries were identified during abdominal ultrasonography. Computed tomography with retrograde vaginourethrography revealed an underdeveloped uterus and possible left intra-abdominal gonad. Karyotyping revealed mixed sex chromosomes (70% XY and 30% XX). Analysis of a serum sample yielded positive results for anti-Müllerian hormone; other findings included mid range estradiol concentration (48.2 pg/mL [within reference intervals for sexually intact and neutered males and females]), low progesterone concentration (< 0.2 ng/mL [within reference intervals for anestrous females]), and low testosterone concentration (< 20 ng/dL [similar to the expected concentration in neutered males]). Overall, the results of the sex hormone analyses were consistent with findings for either a sexually intact female or a neutered male dog. The dog's cardiac structure and function were echocardiographically normal. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME The dog was anesthetized and underwent laparoscopic gonadectomy. The gonads, although abnormal and underdeveloped, were readily identified intraoperatively and successfully removed. On the basis of histologic findings, the removed gonads were confirmed to be rudimentary testicles. The dog recovered from anesthesia and surgery without complications. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Laparoscopic surgery was effective for visualization of abnormal and hypoplastic reproductive organs when abdominal ultrasonography and CT were of limited diagnostic usefulness, and laparoscopic surgery allowed straightforward gonadectomy in a 78,XX/78,XY chimeric dog.
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Cordella A, Mezzalira G, Negro L, Bertolini G. Unilateral uterine torsion in two non‐gravid bitches: Imaging and histological features. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Cordella
- San Marco Private Veterinary Clinic via dell'industria, 3 Veggiano Padova 35030 Italy
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics Ghent University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Salisburylaan 133 Merelbeke 9820 Belgium
| | - Giorgia Mezzalira
- San Marco Private Veterinary Clinic via dell'industria, 3 Veggiano Padova 35030 Italy
| | - Linda Negro
- San Marco Private Veterinary Clinic via dell'industria, 3 Veggiano Padova 35030 Italy
| | - Giovanna Bertolini
- San Marco Private Veterinary Clinic via dell'industria, 3 Veggiano Padova 35030 Italy
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Cordella A, Bertolini G. Multiphase multidetector-row computed tomographic and ultrasonographic findings in dogs with spontaneous liver lobe torsion. Res Vet Sci 2021; 135:192-199. [PMID: 33556649 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Liver lobe torsion (LLT) is an uncommon condition of unknown origin in dogs. Several reports describe the clinical features and outcome, but only few of them include the imaging characteristics of this disease. The aim of this descriptive case series was to describe the ultrasonographic (US) and multidetector-row computed tomographic (MDCT) features of LLT in a group of dogs. Five dogs were included in this single-center descriptive study, having both US, CT and surgical and histological confirmation of LLT available for review. Different US appearances have been found, both hypoechoic and hyperechoic liver lobes and heterogeneous mass-like lesions, with fluid and gas content. At three-phase MDCT examination, LLT appeared as fluid- and gas-filled lesions (consistent with abscess transformation), or as hypoattenuating hypovascular lobes. Two different vascular signs were also described: whirl sign or vascular interruption were seen in all cases, allowing a correct pre-surgical diagnosis in all the cases presented. Multiphase MDCT was a helpful imaging method for the correct pre-surgical diagnosis of LLT in dogs, and its use in the suspected cases is therefore advisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Cordella
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Division of San Marco Veterinary Clinic and Laboratory, Veggiano, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanna Bertolini
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Division of San Marco Veterinary Clinic and Laboratory, Veggiano, Padova, Italy.
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Sumping JC, O'Connell EM, Mortier J. Computed tomographic and clinical findings in a dog with suspected liver lobe torsion, secondary disseminated intravascular coagulation and multiorgan infarction. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2020-001166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeremy Mortier
- Small Animal Teaching HospitalUniversity of LiverpoolNestonUK
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Barge P, Fina CJ, Mortier JR, Jones ID. CT findings in five dogs with surgically confirmed colonic torsion. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2019; 61:190-196. [PMID: 31837190 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colonic torsion is a life-threatening condition that results in colonic ischemia, necrosis, perforation, sepsis, and eventual death. The aim of this multicenter, retrospective case series study was to describe the CT findings in dogs with surgically confirmed colonic torsion. Medical records were searched for dogs with surgically confirmed colonic torsion following abdominal CT. Five dogs met the inclusion criteria. Three had a history of chronic intermittent diarrhea prior to presentation. Two dogs presented with acute vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain and one dog presented with acute vomiting and lethargy. Computed tomographic findings in all dogs with surgically confirmed colonic torsion include: "whirl sign," displacement and distension of the cecum and colon, focal narrowing of the colon, and distension of the mesenteric vasculature in all dogs (5/5); streaky peritoneal fat and peritoneal effusion (4/5), pneumatosis coli (2/5), small intestinal distension (2/5), portal vein thrombosis (1/5), and reduced colonic wall contrast enhancement (1/5). In all dogs (5/5), the torsion site was the descending colon and demonstrated an anticlockwise rotation. At surgery, three of the five dogs had a partial colonic torsion with hyperemia at the site of obstruction and two of the five dogs had a complete torsion with marked necrosis of the colonic wall. Displacement of the colon and cecum, segmental distension and focal narrowing of the colon, the presence of a "whirl sign" and distension of the mesenteric vasculature are CT findings highly suggestive of colonic torsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Barge
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Pride Veterinary Centre, Derby, UK
| | - Caroline J Fina
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Pride Veterinary Centre, Derby, UK
| | - Jeremy R Mortier
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, VetCT Consultants in Telemedicine, St Johns Innovation Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian D Jones
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Pride Veterinary Centre, Derby, UK
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Khan FA, Gartley CJ, Khanam A. Canine cryptorchidism: An update. Reprod Domest Anim 2018; 53:1263-1270. [PMID: 29956390 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review article is aimed at providing an update on canine cryptorchidism based on the research studies published in this area over the last 26 years. Although a majority of these research studies were directed at investigating the genetic and molecular basis of cryptorchidism, the mechanisms underlying this problem in dogs are still not clear. Future studies using advanced genomic and molecular approaches and including a larger number of dogs of multiple breeds are required to further our understanding of canine cryptorchidism. Diagnosis and treatment of cryptorchidism in dogs have not received much attention. Research advancements include investigation of ultrasonography and anti-Müllerian hormone assay as potential diagnostic methods. Advancements in treatment include the use of laparoscopic-assisted cryptorchidectomy. Based on the available literature, this method appears to be the best for removal of abdominal cryptorchid testes from dogs. However, future studies that compare laparoscopic-assisted cryptorchidectomy with the traditional approaches are required for a more conclusive determination of the best method for cryptorchidectomy in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firdous A Khan
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.,Department of Large Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, True Blue, Grenada
| | - Cathy J Gartley
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Afroza Khanam
- Department of Large Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, True Blue, Grenada
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