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Sievers BL, Hyder S, Claes F, Karlsson EA. Ingrained: Rice farming and the risk of zoonotic spillover, examples from Cambodia. One Health 2024; 18:100696. [PMID: 39010950 PMCID: PMC11247301 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Rice cultivation in Southeast Asia is a One Health interface intersecting human, animal, and environmental health. This complexity creates a potential for zoonotic transmission between diverse reservoirs. Bats harbor viruses like Nipah; mosquitoes transmit arboviruses; rodents spread hantaviruses. Domestic animals- including pigs with influenza and dogs with rabies and aquatic animals can also transmit pathogens. Climate change and urbanization may further disrupt rice agro-ecologies. This paper explores animal viral reservoirs, vectors, and historical practices associated with risk in rice farming. Climate and land use changes could enhance spillover. Solutions are proposed, including surveillance of animals, vectors, water, and air to detect threats before major outbreaks, such as improved biosecurity, hygiene, and livestock vaccinations. Ecological viral surveillance and agricultural interventions together can reduce zoonotic transmission from rice farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Sievers
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh 12201, Cambodia
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sudipta Hyder
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh 12201, Cambodia
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Infectious Disease Unit, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Filip Claes
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases, Asia Pacific Region, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Erik A Karlsson
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh 12201, Cambodia
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2
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Li WJ, Guo Y, Sun SC. Population genetics of Artemia urmiana species complex (Crustacea, Anostraca): A group with asymmetrical dispersal and gene flow mediated by migratory waterfowl. Gene 2024; 894:147957. [PMID: 37923096 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Bird-mediated dispersal of resting eggs is the main mechanism for Artemia dispersal among catchments. The bisexual populations of Artemia urmiana species complex, which is here considered to be a collection of Artemia genetically close to the so-called "Western Asian Lineage", are mostly distributed in central and western Asia (i.e., in regions falling into the Central Asian Flyway of migratory birds) and live in diversified habitats. Little is known about the genetic relationships among these populations. Aiming to understand the population genetic characteristics and the roles of migratory birds on the dispersal and gene flow of this Artemia group, we evaluated the genetic diversity, genetic differentiation, and gene flow among 14 populations, with their altitudes ranging from 540 to 4870 m above sea level, using 13 microsatellite markers. Almost all populations exhibited high genetic diversity and heterozygote excess, which may be a consequence of combined effects of dispersal and hybridization. The global genetic differentiation (FST) value was 0.092, the pairwise FST values were 0.003-0.246. Discriminant analysis of principal components identified three genetic clusters, consisting of Urmia Lake (Iran), Zhundong (Xinjiang, China), and 12 Qinghai-Tibet Plateau populations, respectively. The among-population genetic differentiation seems to be a consequence of isolation by distance and adaptation to diversified habitats induced by altitudinal gradient. Historical gene flows are asymmetrical, and show an evolutionary source-sink dynamics, with Jingyu Lake (Xinjiang, China) population being the major source. These results support our hypothesis that in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and surrounding areas the bird-mediated dispersal of Artemia may be biased towards from north to south and/or from higher altitude to lower altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), and Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Fisheries Research Institute, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Shi-Chun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), and Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China.
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3
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Yoo DS, Kang SI, Lee YN, Lee EK, Kim WY, Lee YJ. Bridging the Local Persistence and Long-Range Dispersal of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (HPAIv): A Case Study of HPAIv-Infected Sedentary and Migratory Wildfowls Inhabiting Infected Premises. Viruses 2022; 14:v14010116. [PMID: 35062320 PMCID: PMC8780574 DOI: 10.3390/v14010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The past two decades have seen the emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) infections that are characterized as extremely contagious, with a high fatality rate in chickens, and humans; this has sparked considerable concerns for global health. Generally, the new variant of the HPAI virus crossed into various countries through wild bird migration, and persisted in the local environment through the interactions between wild and farmed birds. Nevertheless, no studies have found informative cases associated with connecting local persistence and long-range dispersal. During the 2016–2017 HPAI H5N6 epidemic in South Korea, we observed several waterfowls with avian influenza infection under telemetric monitoring. Based on the telemetry records and surveillance data, we conducted a case study to test hypotheses related to the transmission pathway between wild birds and poultry. One sedentary wildfowl naturally infected with HPAI H5N6, which overlapped with the home range of one migratory bird with H5-specific antibody-positive, showed itself to be phylogenetically close to the isolates from a chicken farm located within its habitat. Our study is the first observational study that provides scientific evidence supporting the hypothesis that the HPAI spillover into poultry farms is caused by local persistence in sedentary birds, in addition to its long-range dispersal by sympatric migratory birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-sung Yoo
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea;
| | - Sung-Il Kang
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea;
| | - Yu-Na Lee
- Avian Influenza Research and Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea; (Y.-N.L.); (E.-K.L.)
| | - Eun-Kyoung Lee
- Avian Influenza Research and Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea; (Y.-N.L.); (E.-K.L.)
| | - Woo-yuel Kim
- Honam National Institute of Biological Resources, Mokpo 58762, Korea;
| | - Youn-Jeong Lee
- Avian Influenza Research and Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea; (Y.-N.L.); (E.-K.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Lee K, Yu D, Martínez-López B, Yoon H, Kang SI, Hong SK, Lee I, Kang Y, Jeong W, Lee E. Fine-scale tracking of wild waterfowl and their impact on highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in the Republic of Korea, 2014-2015. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18631. [PMID: 33122803 PMCID: PMC7596240 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75698-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild migratory waterfowl are considered one of the most important reservoirs and long-distance carriers of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). Our study aimed to explore the spatial and temporal characteristics of wild migratory waterfowl’s wintering habitat in the Republic of Korea (ROK) and to evaluate the impact of these habitats on the risk of HPAI outbreaks in commercial poultry farms. The habitat use of 344 wild migratory waterfowl over four migration cycles was estimated based on tracking records. The association of habitat use with HPAI H5N8 outbreaks in poultry farms was evaluated using a multilevel logistic regression model. We found that a poultry farm within a wild waterfowl habitat had a 3–8 times higher risk of HPAI outbreak than poultry farms located outside of the habitat. The range of wild waterfowl habitats increased during autumn migration, and was associated with the epidemic peak of HPAI outbreaks on domestic poultry farms in the ROK. Our findings provide a better understanding of the dynamics of HPAI infection in the wildlife–domestic poultry interface and may help to establish early detection, and cost-effective preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyuyoung Lee
- Center for Animal Disease Modeling and Surveillance (CADMS), Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Daesung Yu
- Veterinary Epidemiology Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (QIA), Gimcheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Beatriz Martínez-López
- Center for Animal Disease Modeling and Surveillance (CADMS), Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Hachung Yoon
- Veterinary Epidemiology Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (QIA), Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Il Kang
- Veterinary Epidemiology Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (QIA), Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Keun Hong
- Veterinary Epidemiology Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (QIA), Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilseob Lee
- Veterinary Epidemiology Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (QIA), Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongmyung Kang
- Veterinary Epidemiology Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (QIA), Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooseg Jeong
- Veterinary Epidemiology Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (QIA), Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunesub Lee
- Veterinary Epidemiology Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (QIA), Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
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Xin F, Xiao X, Dong J, Zhang G, Zhang Y, Wu X, Li X, Zou Z, Ma J, Du G, Doughty RB, Zhao B, Li B. Large increases of paddy rice area, gross primary production, and grain production in Northeast China during 2000-2017. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 711:135183. [PMID: 32000350 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
China is the largest rice producer and consumer in the world. Accurate estimations of paddy rice planting area and rice grain production is important for feeding the increasing population in China. However, Southern China had substantial losses in paddy rice area over the last three decades in those regions where paddy rice has traditionally been produced. Several studies have shown increased paddy rice area in Northeast China. Here we document the annual dynamics of paddy rice area, gross primary production (GPP), and grain production in Northeast China (Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning provinces) during 2000-2017 using agricultural statistical data, satellite images, and model simulations. Annual maps derived from satellite images show that paddy rice area in Northeast China has increased by 3.68 million ha from 2000 to 2017, which is more than the total combined paddy rice area of North Korea, South Korea, and Japan. Approximately 82% of paddy rice pixels had an increase in annual GPP during 2000-2017. The expansion of paddy rice area slowed down substantially since 2015. Annual GPP from those paddy rice fields cultivated continuously over the 18 years were moderately higher than that from other paddy rice fields, which suggested that improved management practices could increase grain production in the region. There was a strong linear relationship between annual GPP and annual rice grain production in Northeast China by province and year, which illustrates the potential of using satellite-based data-driven model to track and assess grain production of paddy rice in the region. Northeast China is clearly an emerging rice production base and plays an increasing role in crop production and food security in China. However, many challenges for the further expansion and sustainable cultivation of paddy rice in Northeast China remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengfei Xin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiangming Xiao
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Center for Spatial Analysis, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
| | - Jinwei Dong
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Geli Zhang
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Xiaocui Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Center for Spatial Analysis, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Xiangping Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhenhua Zou
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
| | - Jun Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Guoming Du
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Russell B Doughty
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Center for Spatial Analysis, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Bin Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Bo Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Paul MC, Vergne T, Mulatti P, Tiensin T, Iglesias I. Editorial: Epidemiology of Avian Influenza Viruses. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:150. [PMID: 31179290 PMCID: PMC6538675 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paolo Mulatti
- Laboratorio di Sorveglianza epidemiologica, legislazione veterinaria e benessere animale, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Thanawat Tiensin
- Department of Livestock Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Irene Iglesias
- Center for Animal Health Research (CISA), INIA, Madrid, Spain
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Sullivan JD, Takekawa JY, Spragens KA, Newman SH, Xiao X, Leader PJ, Smith B, Prosser DJ. Waterfowl Spring Migratory Behavior and Avian Influenza Transmission Risk in the Changing Landscape of the East Asian-Australasian Flyway. Front Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2018.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Dhingra MS, Artois J, Dellicour S, Lemey P, Dauphin G, Von Dobschuetz S, Van Boeckel TP, Castellan DM, Morzaria S, Gilbert M. Geographical and Historical Patterns in the Emergences of Novel Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5 and H7 Viruses in Poultry. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:84. [PMID: 29922681 PMCID: PMC5996087 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the years, the emergence of novel H5 and H7 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAI) has been taking place through two main mechanisms: first, the conversion of a low pathogenic into a highly pathogenic virus, and second, the reassortment between different genetic segments of low and highly pathogenic viruses already in circulation. We investigated and summarized the literature on emerging HPAI H5 and H7 viruses with the aim of building a spatio-temporal database of all these recorded conversions and reassortments events. We subsequently mapped the spatio-temporal distribution of known emergence events, as well as the species and production systems that they were associated with, the aim being to establish their main characteristics. From 1959 onwards, we identified a total of 39 independent H7 and H5 LPAI to HPAI conversion events. All but two of these events were reported in commercial poultry production systems, and a majority of these events took place in high-income countries. In contrast, a total of 127 reassortments have been reported from 1983 to 2015, which predominantly took place in countries with poultry production systems transitioning from backyard to intensive production systems. Those systems are characterized by several co-circulating viruses, multiple host species, regular contact points in live bird markets, limited biosecurity within value chains, and frequent vaccination campaigns that impose selection pressures for emergence of novel reassortants. We conclude that novel HPAI emergences by these two mechanisms occur in different ecological niches, with different viral, environmental and host associated factors, which has implications in early detection and management and mitigation of the risk of emergence of novel HPAI viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhur S Dhingra
- Spatial Epidemiology Lab (SpELL), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Jean Artois
- Spatial Epidemiology Lab (SpELL), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Simon Dellicour
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe Lemey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gwenaelle Dauphin
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Thomas P Van Boeckel
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics and Policy, Washington, DC, United States
| | | | - Subhash Morzaria
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Marius Gilbert
- Spatial Epidemiology Lab (SpELL), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS), Brussels, Belgium
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